Noruveje

UMUSORE witwaga Knud Pederson Hammer yari ku bwato yitegereza inkombe za Noruveje ashishikaye. Knud yari yarahoze ari umupasiteri mu idini ry’Ababatisita muri Dakota ya Ruguru ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ariko hari hashize umwaka abaye umwe mu Bigishwa ba Bibiliya (ubu bitwa Abahamya ba Yehova). Icyo gihe hari mu mwaka wa 1892, akaba yari asubiye mu gihugu cye kavukire kubwiriza incuti n’abavandimwe.

Abenshi mu baturage ba Noruveje babarirwaga muri miriyoni ebyiri, bari mu idini rya leta ry’Abaluteriyani. Knud yari ashishikajwe no gufasha Abanyanoruveje b’imitima itaryarya kumenya Imana y’ukuri Yehova, no kubafasha gusobanukirwa ko iyo Mana yuje urukundo itababariza abanyabyaha mu muriro w’iteka. Nanone yifuzaga cyane kubabwira ibyerekeye Ubutegetsi bwa Kristo bw’Imyaka Igihumbi buri hafi kuza bugahindura isi paradizo.

Igihe ubwato bwari bugeze hafi y’inkombe, Knud yitegerezaga cyane imisozi n’ibibaya by’icyo gihugu cyiza cyane, igihugu kirekire kitari kigari, gifite imisozi miremire iriho amasimbi n’inyanja yinjira mu mibande miremire n’amashyamba magari. Yari azi ko yari guhura n’ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi cyo kugera ku baturage bari batuye batatanye mu turere tutagiraga imihanda n’ibiraro bihagije. Nubwo Abanyanoruveje benshi bari batuye mu migi yagendaga yaguka, abandi bari batuye mu giturage, mu midugudu y’abarobyi no ku birwa bibarirwa mu magana bikikiye inkombe. Ibyo Knud yagezeho mu murimo wo kubwiriza n’ukuntu ugusenga k’ukuri kwagutse muri Noruveje nubwo hari ibibazo by’ingorabahizi, bikomeza ukwizera kandi bigatera inkunga abagize ubwoko bw’Imana aho bari hose.

IMBUTO Z’UBWAMI ZERA

Nubwo abantu bamwe bo mu mugi wa Skien Knud yakomokagamo bashimishijwe n’ubutumwa bwe, ntiyashoboye kugumana na bo, kuko yagombaga gusubira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kureba umuryango we. Icyakora mu mwaka wa 1899, yongeye gusubira muri Noruveje abisabwe na Charles T. Russell, wayoboraga umurimo w’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya icyo gihe. Umuvandimwe Russell yifuzaga ko Knud yashinga itorero muri Noruveje. Knud yagiye yitwaje kopi z’imibumbe ibiri ya mbere y’igitabo cyasesenguraga Ibyanditswe (cyabanje kwitwa L’Aurore du Millénium, nyuma kiza kwitwa Études des Écritures), yari yarahinduwe mu rurimi rw’ikidanwa cy’ikinyanoruveje. (Muri icyo gihe ikinyanoruveje cyasaga n’ikidanwa, kandi ibitabo byashoboraga gusomwa muri Danimarike no muri Noruveje.) Knud yabwirije abantu benshi kandi abasigira ibitabo, ariko nyuma yaho byongeye kuba ngombwa ko asubira muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, Ingebret Andersen, wari utuye mu nkengero z’umugi wa Skien, yabonye kopi y’igitabo cyanditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya (Le Plan des Âges), bikaba bishoboka ko ari kimwe muri bya bitabo Knud yari yarazanye muri Noruveje. Ingebret yari amaze igihe kirekire ashishikajwe no “kugaruka” kwa Kristo, ariko icyo gihe we n’umugore we Berthe bashimishijwe cyane n’ibyo basomaga. Bidatinze, Ingebret yatangiye kubwiriza abandi. Yajyaga n’aho abanyamadini basengeraga akabwira abantu ibyerekeye Ubutegetsi bwa Kristo bw’Imyaka Igihumbi. Nyuma yaho yasubiraga gusura ababaga bagaragaje ko bashimishijwe, maze bidatinze mu mugi wa Skien havuka itorero rimeze neza ririmo nibura Abigishwa ba Bibiliya icumi.

Igihe Knud yumvaga ko i Skien hari itorero rito abibwiwe na mwene wabo, yasubiye muri Noruveje mu mwaka wa 1904 gushaka Ingebret. Knud yahagaritse umugabo bari bahuye aramubaza ati “ese ntiwamenyera niba umugabo witwa Ingebret Andersen atuye muri aka gace?” Uwo mugabo yaramushubije ati “yee, ni jye.” Knud yarishimye cyane, ku buryo yahise afungura ivarisi aho mu muhanda hagati akereka Ingebret ibitabo yari yamuzaniye. Birumvikana ko Ingebret yishimiye cyane kubonana na Knud no kubona ibitabo byinshi.

Knud yabwiye bagenzi be bahuje ukwizera b’Abanyanoruveje ashishikaye ibirebana n’umuteguro n’umurimo wo kubwiriza. Igihe yasubiraga kureba umuryango we, icyo gihe wari usigaye utuye muri Kanada, itorero ry’i Skien ryari ryaratewe inkunga cyane, ku buryo ryari ryiteguye gukomeza kujya mbere.

UBUTUMWA BUGERA MU TUNDI TURERE TWA NORUVEJE

Umurimo wo kubwiriza muri Noruveje wafashe indi ntera mu mwaka wa 1903 igihe hazaga abakoruporuteri batatu barangwaga n’ishyaka (ababwiriza bamaraga igihe kinini babwiriza), ari bo Fritiof Lindkvist, Viktor Feldt na E. R. Gundersen. Fritiof yatuye mu murwa mukuru Kristiania (ubu witwa Oslo), hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1904 inzu ye ihinduka ibiro bya Watch Tower Society, aho batumirizaga ibitabo bakanahakoreshereza abonema z’Umunara w’Umurinzi w’i Siyoni.

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1903, igihe umuvandimwe Gundersen yabwirizaga mu mugi wa Trondheim muri Noruveje rwagati, yabwirije Lotte Holm amuha n’ibitabo. Nyuma yaho, Lotte Holm yagiye iwabo mu karere ka Narvik, urenze uruziga rw’impera y’isi ya ruguru ya Arigitika, aba umubwiriza wa mbere mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje. Nyuma yaho Viktor Feldt yagiye i Narvik afasha abagabo babiri n’abagore babo baba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Abo Bigishwa ba Bibiliya bifatanyije na Lotte, maze bidatinze iryo tsinda rito rikajya riterana buri gihe kugira ngo ryige Bibiliya. Murumuna wa Lotte witwaga Hallgerd, na we yemeye ukuri, maze nyuma yaho bombi baba abapayiniya barangwa n’ishyaka mu turere dutandukanye twa Noruveje.

Umurimo wo kubwiriza umuvandimwe Feldt na Gundersen bakoreye i Bergen mu mwaka wa 1904 n’uwa 1905 witabiriwe mu buryo bwihariye. Umunara w’Umurinzi w’i Siyoni wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1905, wagize uti “umubwiriza ukomeye wo mu idini ry’Abaporotesitanti ry’i [Bergen] (Mission libre), yamurikiwe mu buryo bwuzuye n’umucyo w’itangaza, none ubu ageza ku bantu benshi bamutega amatwi Ivanjiri y’ukuri.”

Uwo mubwiriza yari Theodor Simonsen, nyuma yaho waje kwirukanwa mu idini ry’Abaporotesitanti (Mission libre), bamuziza ko yigishaga ubutumwa bw’ukuri guhebuje yari yaravanye mu bitabo byacu. Igihombo cy’iryo dini cyabaye inyungu ku Bigishwa ba Bibiliya. Theodor yari umuvandimwe wakundwaga cyane n’abari bagize ubwoko bwa Yehova, kandi yatangaga za disikuru nziza. Nyuma yaho yagiye gutura i Kristiania, ahari itorero ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya rifite amajyambere.

ABAPAYINIYA BA MBERE

Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1905, hari amatorero y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya mu migi ine, ari yo Skien, Kristiania, Bergen na Narvik. Bidatinze, ababwiriza benshi barangwaga n’ishyaka babaye abapayiniya, maze bageza ubutumwa bwiza mu tundi turere twinshi tw’igihugu. Abo bapayiniya ba mbere bari bafite amateka ashishikaje.

Mushiki wacu wabaye umupayiniya wa mbere muri Noruveje yitwaga Helga Hess. Yari imfubyi, kandi yari atuye i Bergen. Igihe yari afite imyaka 17 yatangiye kwigisha ishuri ryo ku cyumweru. Igihe yumvaga Theodor Simonsen yigisha mu idini ry’Abaporotesitanti (Mission libre) ibyo yari yaramenye abisomye mu bitabo by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, yahise ashimishwa maze atangira kujya asoma ibyo bitabo. Yaretse kwigisha ishuri ryo ku cyumweru, maze mu mwaka wa 1905, igihe yari afite imyaka 19, ajya kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza i Hamar n’i Gjøvik.

Umunsi umwe mu mwaka wa 1908, Andreas Øiseth yarimo atema ibiti mu isambu y’umuryango wabo yari hafi ya Kongsvinger, nuko umupayiniya aza kumubwiriza amusigira igitabo cyanditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya (Le divin Plan des Âges). Andreas, wari ugeze mu kigero cy’imyaka 20, yakunze cyane ibyo yasomye maze atumiza ibindi bitabo. Hashize amezi runaka, yasigiye iyo sambu barumuna be ajya gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Mu myaka umunani yakurikiyeho, yabwirije mu gihugu hafi ya cyose. Yabanje kwerekeza mu majyaruguru, agakoresha igare mu mpeshyi, naho mu mezi y’imbeho akagendera ku kantu bagenderaho baserebeka ku rubura. Ageze i Tromsø, yarahindukiye yerekeza mu majyepfo, maze abwiriza uturere twose two ku nkombe, agera i Kristiania.

Anna Andersen w’i Rygge, hafi ya Moss, na we ni umwe muri abo bapayiniya ba mbere. Yari amaze imyaka myinshi mu idini ry’Abaporotesitanti (Armée du Salut), kandi yari yariyeguriye gufasha abakene. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1907 yasomye bimwe mu bitabo byacu, maze asobanukirwa ko yari yabonye ukuri. Yahuriye i Kristiansund na mugenzi we bahoranye mu idini witwaga Hulda Andersen (waje kwitwa Øiseth), na we wagaragaje ko yari ashimishijwe n’ukuri kwa Bibiliya. Bidatinze, abo bagore batangiye urugendo rurerure berekeza mu majyaruguru mu bwato bwagendaga bukikiye inkombe, bubageza i Kirkenes, hafi y’umupaka w’u Burusiya. Kuri buri cyambu bavaga mu bwato bagatanga ibitabo. Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1912, Anna yabaye umupayiniya. Yamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo agenda igihugu cyose mu bwato cyangwa ku igare, agera hafi muri buri mugi wo muri Noruveje atanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Yamaze igihe runaka mu majyepfo i Kristiansand, aho yashyigikiye mu buryo bugaragara itorero ryaho ryakomezaga kwiyongera.

Karl Gunberg yari yarahoze ari umusirikare mu ngabo zirwanira mu mazi mbere y’uko aba Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya. Yari afite imyaka nka 35 igihe yatangiraga umurimo w’ubupayiniya ahagana mu mwaka wa 1911, akigisha abantu gutwara ubwato kugira ngo abone ikimutunga. Nubwo Karl yagaragaraga nk’umuntu ushaririye, yari umuntu wishima kandi ukunda gutera urwenya. Yabwirije muri Noruveje hose kugeza igihe yari ageze mu za bukuru, kandi kuba yari yarigeze kuba umusirikare mu ngabo zirwanira mu mazi byagize uruhare runini mu gukwirakwiza ubutumwa bwiza, nk’uko turi bubibone.

BAKOMEZA UMURUNGA W’UBUVANDIMWE

Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1905, abavandimwe bishimiye cyane ikoraniro rya mbere ryabereye i Kristiania. Muri iryo koraniro hateranye abantu bagera kuri 15 habatizwa 3. Mu mwaka wa 1906, hari irindi koraniro ryabereye i Bergen. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1909 amakoraniro yatangiye kujya aba buri mwaka, disikuru zigatangwa n’abavandimwe bavaga muri Danimarike, Finilande no muri Suwede. Nanone bamwe muri abo bavandimwe basuraga amatorero, nk’uko abagenzuzi basura amatorero muri iki gihe.

Ingendo umuvandimwe Russell yakoreye muri Noruveje muri iyo myaka, ntizizibagirana. Mu mwaka wa 1909 yagiye i Bergen n’i Kristiania. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bashimishijwe cyane n’uko bashoboye kubonana na we bakumva na disikuru ze. Yabasuye ku ncuro ya kabiri mu mwaka wa 1911, kandi urwo ruzinduko rwaramamajwe cyane, ku buryo abavandimwe na bashiki bacu 61 bashimishijwe n’uko abantu bagera ku 1.200 baje kumva disikuru y’umuvandimwe Russell.

Hashize imyaka itatu, umuvandimwe Russell yahaye Henry Bjørnestad inshingano yo kujya asura abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje na Suwede, aba umugenzuzi usura amatorero wa mbere w’Umunyanoruveje.

BAKORANA UMWETE MBERE Y’UMWAKA WA 1914

Mu mwaka wa 1910 abavandimwe babonye inkuru z’ubwami bakoreshaga mu murimo wo kubwiriza (zari zifite umutwe uvuga ngo La tribune du peuple). Izo nkuru z’ubwami zafashije benshi mu Bigishwa ba Bibiliya kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Kubera ko abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bari bashishikajwe no gushyira ahagaragara ibinyoma by’amadini no gusobanurira abantu ukuri kwa Bibiliya, batanze kopi zibarirwa mu bihumbi ku buntu, akenshi bakazishyira mu binyamakuru.

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bafite amatsiko yo kureba uko byari kugenda mu mwaka wa 1914. Igitabo cyavugaga ko igihe cyeregereje (Le temps est proche, kikaba cyari umubumbe wa kabiri w’igitabo L’Aurore du Millénium), cyasobanuye ko ibihe by’Abanyamahanga byari kurangira mu mwaka wa 1914 kandi ko byari kurangwa n’imvururu n’akaduruvayo, hanyuma Ubwami bw’Imana bugatangira gutegeka. Nanone Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari biteze ko abaraganwa na Kristo bari guhabwa ingororano yabo mu ijuru.

Akenshi wasangaga abantu baganira kuri iyo ngingo. Urugero, ku mugoroba umwe muri Nyakanga 1914, Karl Kristiansen yacurangaga mu mutwe w’abacuranzi bo mu mugi wa Skien. Mu gihe cy’ikiruhuko, yabwiye bamwe mu bo bari kumwe ati “mu byumweru bike hari ikintu kizaba. Hazabanza habeho intambara, hakurikireho revolisiyo, ikurikirwe n’akaduruvayo, hanyuma Ubwami bw’Imana buze.” Igihe Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose yarotaga nyuma yaho gato, abantu baje kureba Karl bifuza kumenya byinshi kurushaho.

Ku nkombe yo mu majyepfo, mu mugi wa Arendal, mu mwaka wa 1914 hari Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya umwe gusa. Umunsi umwe, uwo mushiki wacu yahuriye na Mia Apesland mu muhanda maze amubwira ko Bibiliya igaragaza ko ku muhindo wo mu mwaka wa 1914 hari kubaho intambara. Mia yaramushubije ati “ibyo nibiba nzizera.” Mia akimara kubona ko ibyo uwo mushiki wacu yamubwiye byari bitangiye kuba, yakoze ibyo yari yarasezeranyije, arizera by’ukuri. Mia, na wa mushiki wacu wamubwirije n’abandi bake ni bo babaye inkingi z’itorero ry’i Arendal.

AMAJYAMBERE AKURIKIRWA N’IBIBAZO

Ibyo Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari biteze ku birebana n’umwaka wa 1914 si ko byose byasohoye. Nyamara kandi bakomeje umurimo wabo babigiranye ishyaka. Guhera mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1914 kugeza mu mwaka wa 1915, herekanywe filimi ivuga iby’irema (Photo-Drame de la Création), kandi byatumye abantu benshi bo muri Kristiania, Bergen, Trondheim, Skien, Arendal na Kristiansand bagezwaho ubuhamya buhebuje.

Ariko bidatinze, havutse ibibazo. Fritiof Lindkvist, wari umaze imyaka igera ku icumi ayobora umurimo muri Noruveje, yatangiye gukurikiza ibitekerezo bye bwite, maze mu mwaka wa 1916 ava mu muteguro. Ibyo byatumye abavandimwe bo muri Suwede na Danimarike bafata inshingano yo kuyobora umurimo muri Noruveje mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho. Mu mwaka wa 1921, Enok Öman yahawe inshingano yo kugenzura umurimo muri Noruveje, kugeza mu mwaka wa 1945.

Nanone havutse ibibazo igihe C. T. Russell wari umugenzuzi w’ibikorwa by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya yapfaga mu mwaka wa 1916, agasimburwa na J. F. Rutherford. Hari benshi bavuye mu muteguro bitewe n’uko hari ibyo bari biteze ku birebana n’umwaka wa 1914 bitasohoye, hamwe n’ihinduka ryabaye mu mikorere y’umuteguro. Ibyo byagize ingaruka zikomeye, cyane cyane i Bergen, aho umuvandimwe umwe gusa na bashiki bacu barindwi ari bo bonyine basigaye mu itorero mu mwaka wa 1918. I Trondheim, abantu batari bake bavuye mu itorero, itsinda ry’i Kristiania na ryo rirasenyuka. Ariko abakomeje gushyigikira umuteguro mu budahemuka, ntibatinze kwibonera ko Yehova yabahaga imigisha ikungahaye.

BONGERA GUHAGURUKANA IMBARAGA

Mu mwaka wa 1918, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze disikuru ishishikaje cyane yavugaga ko abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batazigera bapfa. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1920 kugeza mu wa 1925, iyo disikuru ishishikaje yatanzwe hirya no hino ku isi. A. H. Macmillan yavuye ku cyicaro gikuru i New York aza gutanga iyo disikuru mu migi myinshi yo muri Noruveje. I Kristiania, imyanya yose yo mu cyumba cya kaminuza yari yuzuye, kandi hari benshi batashoboye kwinjira kuko hari huzuye. Icyakora, umuvandimwe Öman yaruriye ahagarara ku gisanduku cyari mu muryango maze aravuga ati “nimugaruka nyuma y’isaha imwe n’igice, Macmillan arongera atange iyi disikuru!” Koko rero, abantu bongeye kuzura muri icyo cyumba, umuvandimwe Macmillan atanga disikuru ku ncuro ya kabiri. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje batanze iyo disikuru mu gihugu hose. Abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bateze amatwi ibihamya byemeza bishingiye ku Byanditswe ko abantu benshi bazarokoka Harimagedoni bakabona ubuzima bw’iteka mu isi izahinduka paradizo. Nanone abantu benshi bagejejweho ubutumwa hakoreshejwe agatabo kavugaga ko abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batazigera bapfa.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1922 kugera mu wa 1928, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batanze inkuru z’ubwami zibarirwa mu bihumbi amagana zari zikubiyemo ibyemezo byabaga byarafatiwe mu makoraniro, urugero nk’izavugaga ko abategetsi b’isi basabwa guca agahigo, izitanga umuburo ku Bakristo bose, n’izavugaga ko abayobozi b’amadini baregwa. Abigishwa ba Bibiliya benshi batangiye kubwiriza batanga izo nkuru z’ubwami.

Icyakora ukwiyongera kwagendaga buhoro. Nubwo abapayiniya n’ababwiriza b’ubwami barangwa n’ishyaka babwirizaga buri gihe, abandi bari bakeneye gufashwa kugira ngo barusheho kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Byongeye kandi, ibitabo hafi ya byose byari bikiri mu kidanwa no mu kidanwa cy’ikinyanoruveje cyangwa igisuwede, ariko ntibyabonekaga mu kinyanoruveje. Ni iki cyari gukorwa kugira ngo umurimo urusheho kujya mbere?

Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami (icyo gihe witwaga Bulletin) wo muri Mata 1925 mu kinyanoruveje, wari urimo itangazo rishishikaje rigira riti “tuboherereje nomero ya mbere ya Nimukanguke! mu kinyanoruveje (icyo gihe yitwaga L’Âge d’Or). Ubu mushobora gukoresha abonema.” Iyo yari inomero ya Nimukanguke! yo muri Werurwe 1925. Bidatinze, hatangiye gutangwa kopi nyinshi z’iyo gazeti yo mu kinyanoruveje, atari muri Noruveje honyine, ahubwo no muri Danimarike. Byageze mu mwaka wa 1936, igihe izina rya Nimukanguke! mu kinyanoruveje ryahindukaga ikitwa “Isi nshya” (Ny Verden), isigaye ifite abantu 6.190 bakoresheje abonema muri Noruveje.

BANONOSORA IMIKORERE BAKABONA N’AHO BAKORERA HASHYA

Muri Gicurasi 1925, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya basaga 500 baturutse mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi, bahuriye mu ikoraniro ryabereye Örebro muri Suwede. Muri iryo koraniro, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatangaje ko i Copenhagen muri Danimarike hari hagiye gushyirwa ibiro bizagenzura umurimo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi. William Dey yari kuva i Londres akagenzura umurimo w’abagize ubwoko bw’Imana muri Danimarike, Noruveje, Suwede, Finilande n’ibihugu bituriye inyanja ya Baltique. Ibihugu bitandukanye byari gukomeza kugira umuntu ugenzura umurimo muri buri gihugu, kandi Enok Öman ni we wakomeje kugenzura umurimo muri Noruveje.

William Dey, wakomokaga muri Écosse, yari umuvandimwe ushabutse wakoraga ibishoboka byose ngo ateze imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza. Yari azi gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda, ariko nanone yateraga abavandimwe inkunga binyuze ku rugero rwiza yatangaga mu murimo kandi akaba yari umuntu uhora yishimye. Muri Nzeri n’Ukwakira 1925, yagiye muri Noruveje yose ashyira kuri gahunda umurimo wakorwaga n’amatorero akurikije amabwiriza yabaga yatanzwe n’icyicaro gikuru, akavuga mu cyongereza hanyuma bagasemura. Umuvandimwe Dey yabaye umugenzuzi w’ibiro byari kugenzura umurimo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi kugeza mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose.

Abavandimwe bari bamaze igihe bashakisha ahantu hakwiriye ho kubaka ibiro muri Noruveje. Mu mwaka wa 1925, hari umuvandimwe warazwe amafaranga agura inzu y’amagorofa atatu mu mugi wa Oslo, hanyuma ayigurisha umuteguro ku cya kabiri cy’ayo yari yayiguze. Yabonetse mu gihe gikwiriye rwose! Iyo nzu yakoreshejwe kugeza mu mwaka wa 1983.

ABAHAMYA BARANGWA N’ISHYAKA BAKORERA KURI GAHUNDA

Mu mwaka 1931 habaye ikintu kitazibagirana mu mateka y’abagize ubwoko bw’Imana ku isi hose. Muri uwo mwaka ni bwo bafashe izina rishya, bitwa Abahamya ba Yehova. Umuvandimwe Öman yaranditse ati “igihe twafataga izina rishya, twese twarahagurutse tuvuga dushishikaye tuti ‘Ja’ [bisobanura yego].” Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bashimishijwe cyane n’uko bari babonye izina rishingiye ku Byanditswe, kandi biyemeza kubaho bahuje n’iryo zina.

Byarigaragazaga ko Yehova yahaga umugisha abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje mu murimo bakoranaga umwete. Umubare w’ababwiriza wariyongereye uva ku babwiriza 15 mu mwaka wa 1918, ugera kuri 328 mu wa 1938. Abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova ntibari Abigishwa ba Bibiliya gusa, ahubwo bari abahamya barangwa n’ishyaka.

Urugero rumwe ni urwa Even Gundersrud, wabatijwe mu mwaka 1917 akaba yarifatanyaga n’itorero rya Skien. Ubwa mbere, umugore we yahishe inkweto ze kugira ngo amusibye amateraniro. Ariko ibyo ntibyamubujije kujyayo, yagiyeyo atambaye inkweto! Ikindi gihe yamufungiranye mu cyumba, ariko aca mu idirishya. Nta kintu na kimwe mu byo umugore wa Even yakoraga cyamubujije kujya mu materaniro. Ariko muri ibyo byose yakomezaga kugaragariza umugore we ubugwaneza. Yatangiye kumva atewe isoni no kubona umugabo we agenda mu mugi atambaye inkweto. Kubera ko yifuzaga kumenya impamvu Even yahaga agaciro cyane amateraniro, yatangiye kujya amuherekeza. Amaherezo na we yaje kuba Umuhamya wa Yehova.

Ishyaka itorero ry’i Skien ryagiraga ryagaragazaga imyifatire y’amatorero yo muri icyo gihe. Abavandimwe baho babwirizaga mu rugero rwagutse mu migi no mu byaro byo hafi aho. Mu mpera z’icyumweru bagendaga mu makamyo cyangwa mu bwato, bakabwiriza kandi bakayobora amateraniro. Bidatinze, muri ako karere hashinzwe amatsinda n’amatorero mashya. Andi matorero na yo yari ahugiye mu bikorwa bya gitewokarasi.

AMAJYAMBERE AGARAGARA I BERGEN

Umwe muri abo babwiriza barangwaga n’ishyaka bo mu karere ka Bergen yari Torkel Ringereide. Mu mwaka wa 1918, yabonye agatabo kanditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Yashakishije umuvandimwe Dahl, muri icyo gihe akaba ari we muvandimwe wenyine wabaga mu itorero ry’i Bergen. Muri icyo gihe amateraniro yaberaga iwe mu rugo ari hamwe n’abandi bagize itorero, ni ukuvuga bashiki bacu barindwi. Muri bo harimo Helga Hess, wari warasubiye mu mugi wa Bergen. Torkel yifatanyije n’iryo torero rito, kandi mu mwaka wa 1919 yashyingiranywe na Helga.

Torkel yari umugabo utagira ubwoba kandi yari afite ijwi rinini. Yamaze imyaka myinshi ari we wenyine utanga disikuru mu itorero. Ubusanzwe, yatangaga disikuru ku cyumweru, agashyira ahabona uburyarya bw’abayobozi b’amadini n’inyigisho zabo z’ibinyoma adaciye ku ruhande. Incuro nyinshi izo disikuru zatangazwaga mu binyamakuru, kandi umubare w’abantu bashimishijwe bazaga mu materaniro warutaga cyane umubare w’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bo muri ako karere.

Torkel yateraga ababaga bamuteze amatwi inkunga yo kugeza ku bandi ukuri bamenye. Mu mwaka wa 1932, Nils Raae na we yatewe inkunga. Nils yari amaze umwaka wose amenye ukuri, ariko yari atarafata umwanzuro wo gutangira kubwiriza. Itorero ryari rigiye gutangira gahunda yagutse yo gutanga agatabo kavugaga ko Ubwami ari bwo byiringiro by’isi, maze Torkel atanga disikuru agaragaza ko ari ngombwa kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Nils yaravuze ati “yari disikuru nziza cyane, kandi yaranshishikaje bitavugwa.” Torkel agiye gusoza iyo disikuru, yasubiyemo amagambo ya Yehova yanditswe muri Yesaya 6:8, agira ati “ndatuma nde, ni nde watugendera?” Hanyuma Torkel yaravuze ati “nimucyo twese dusubize nka Yesaya tugira tuti ‘ndi hano, ba ari jye utuma’!” Iyo ni yo nkunga Nils n’umugore we bari bakeneye. Ntibongeye kujijinganya, ahubwo bahise batangira gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza.

Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakundaga kujya kwa Torkel. Buri gihe Torkel na Helga babaga bavuga ibyerekeye ukuri, kandi ababwiriza bashya n’abakiri bato baterwaga inkunga cyane. Ababwiriza b’i Bergen bakundaga kujya kubwiriza mu turere two hafi aho, bakagenda mu bwato cyangwa mu modoka. Hanyuma barahuraga, bakabwirana amakuru y’ibyo babaga babonye kandi bagasabana.

ABABWIRIZA BARANGWAGA N’ISHYAKA B’I OSLO

Mu myaka ya za 20 na 30, umurimo wo kubwiriza wateraga imbere mu karere ka Oslo. Umwe mu babwiriza baho yitwaga Olaf Skau, akaba yarabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1923. Mu mwaka wa 1927 yabaye umuyobozi w’umurimo mu itorero, kandi yamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ari umugenzuzi wafataga iya mbere kandi wita ku ntama. Yashyize kuri gahunda umurimo wo kubwiriza muri Oslo kandi agateganya ingendo zo kubwiriza mu mpera z’icyumweru mu duce dutandukanye two mu murwa mukuru hakoreshejwe bisi cyangwa amakamyo. Yagezaga mu gicuku acyicaye ashushanya amakarita, apanga n’ingendo zo kubwiriza.

Ababwiriza b’i Oslo babwirizaga mu migi no mu byaro, bakava i Halden n’i Fredrikstad bakagera mu majyepfo ya Oslo n’i Hamar mu majyaruguru, nanone bakava i Kongsvinger bakagera i Drammen mu burasirazuba n’i Hønefoss mu burengerazuba. Ababwiriza bageraga mu ifasi mu ma saa tatu za mu gitondo, bakabwiriza ku nzu n’inzu umunsi wose. Incuro nyinshi bakoraga n’amateraniro. Uwo murimo watumye hashingwa amatsinda n’amatorero mashya, kandi abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bake babaga muri utwo turere barawishimiraga cyane. Mu rugendo rwo kubwiriza rwamaze iminsi icyenda rwakozwe mu mwaka wa 1935, ababwiriza 76 b’i Oslo batanze udutabo 13.313, ugereranyije buri mubwiriza akaba yaratanze udutabo dusaga 175!

Umugore wa Olaf witwaga Esther, yari yararwaye rubagimpande kandi yagenderaga mu kagare k’ibimuga. Icyakora, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakundaga kubasura. Olaf ni we watekaga, incuro nyinshi agateka amaboko y’inkoko, akaba yari azwiho ko yari umuhanga wo kuyateka. Ariko icyo Abahamya benshi ba kera bacyimwibukiraho, ni ibiganiro byo mu buryo bw’umwuka byubaka bagiraga bateraniye kwa Skau, bakaganira ku mirongo y’Ibyanditswe kandi bakabazanya ibibazo bishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Ragnhild Simonsen yagize ati “buri gihe twavaga kwa Skau twubatswe mu buryo bw’umwuka.”

‘BARI BITEGUYE KWEMERA UKURI KUYOBORA KU BUZIMA BW’ITEKA’

Muri iyo myaka yo hambere, abantu bashishikariraga iby’idini kandi bari bafite ubumenyi bwinshi bwo muri Bibiliya kurusha abo muri iki gihe. Abantu benshi babaga biteguye kuganira ku Byanditswe, kandi nk’uko byari bimeze mu kinyejana cya mbere, ‘abari biteguye kwemera ukuri kuyobora ku buzima bw’iteka bose barizeye.’—Ibyak 13:48.

Urugero rubigaragaza ni urwa mushiki wacu Durdei Hamre. Mu mwaka wa 1924 yahawe agatabo, ahita agasoma muri uwo mugoroba ageza mu gicuku. Nyuma yaho yaravuze ati “nagiye kuryama ndi Umupentekote, mbyuka nabaye Umuhamya wa Yehova.”

Mu myaka ya za 20 rwagati, umwe mu bahungu umunani bo kwa Fjelltvedt yumvise disikuru y’abantu bose yavugaga ibirebana n’umuriro w’iteka kandi ahabwa agatabo kavugaga iby’iyo ngingo. Ibyo yasomye byatumye yemera adashidikanya ko inyigisho y’umuriro w’iteka ari ikinyoma. Nyuma yaho gato, igihe bari bagiye gukora mu isambu y’umuryango, yabwiye ashishikaye abavandimwe be barindwi na bashiki be batatu ibyo yari yamenye. Uwo munsi baganiriye kuri ako gatabo bageza nijoro. Mu gihe gito, abo bavandimwe bose hamwe na benshi mu bo bashakanye, babaye Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Nyuma yaho, benshi mu bana babo n’abuzukuru babo babaye ababwiriza barangwa n’ishyaka, kandi bamwe muri bo bagiye kubwiriza ukuri mu tundi turere.

Kuba abantu bari bashishikajwe n’ukuri, byagaragaye mu mwaka wa 1936 igihe M. A. Howlett wari waturutse ku cyicaro gikuru cy’Abahamya ba Yehova i New York yatangaga disikuru mu makoraniro yabereye i Bergen n’i Oslo. I Bergen, abantu 810 bateze amatwi disikuru y’abantu bose, hakaba harimo bamwe mu bapasiteri na musenyeri, kandi mu bateranye bose Abahamya bari 125 gusa. I Oslo hari Abahamya 140, ariko abantu 1.014 baje kumva disikuru y’abantu bose!

“BATANGIYE KUZA!”

Abahamya ba Yehova barishimye cyane mu mwaka wa 1935 igihe basobanukirwaga neza abagize “imbaga y’abantu benshi” bavugwa mu Byahishuwe 7:9-17. Abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bishimiye kumenya ko abasenga Imana bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi, bashobora kwifatanya n’abasigaye basutsweho umwuka, bakaba abagaragu ba Yehova bamwiyeguriye. Guhera muri uwo mwaka, umurimo wo kubwiriza wibanze ku gukorakoranya abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi bazarokoka ‘umubabaro ukomeye,’ akaba ari bwo hakorakoranyijwe abasenga Imana by’ukuri benshi mu mateka y’abantu.

Mu mwaka wa 1935, hari abapayiniya bari bafite ibyiringiro byo kujya mu ijuru babwirizaga mu karere k’icyaro ko hafi y’i Lillehammer. John Johansen wari ufite imyaka icumi yateze amatwi ashishikaye igihe abapayiniya basobanuriraga umuryango we ibyerekeye umugambi w’Imana wo kuzahindura isi paradizo. Igihe John yari afite imyaka 13, yifuzaga cyane kugeza ku bandi ibyiringiro bishimishije yari afite, ku buryo yatiye se isakoshi akajya kubwiriza abaturanyi, kandi agenda wenyine! Ubu John afite imyaka isaga 70, kandi aracyabwiriza abigiranye ishyaka ari kumwe n’umugore we Edith, kandi yishimira ko yagize uruhare mu kwiyongera kw’abashya benshi bagiye baza mu muteguro uko imyaka yagendaga ihita.

Umunsi umwe mu mwaka wa 1937, Olaf Rød yari iwe mu rugo ari kumwe n’undi muvandimwe baganira ku byerekeye imbaga y’abantu benshi. Ni bo Bahamya bonyine babaga i Haugesund, kandi bibazaga uko uwo murimo uhambaye wo kubakusanya wari kuzakorwa. Bagiye kumva bumva umuntu arakomanze. Olaf yarakinguye asanga ari Alfred Trengereid. Yari yarabonye Umunara w’Umurinzi arawusoma, kandi yishimira cyane ibyo yari yasomye. Yahise ajya mu bwato, aravugama ajya i Haugesund kwa Olaf kumusaba ibitabo kuko ari we Muhamya yari azi. Olaf yaratangaye cyane. Yaratekereje ati ‘ndabona batangiye kuza!’ Kandi kuza ko baraje, nubwo bose bataje mu buryo bumwe kandi ntibazire rimwe. Alfred yabaye umuvandimwe, kandi yakurikiwe n’abandi benshi bo muri ako karere bitabiriye ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami.

AMATO YAGIZE URUHARE MU GUKORAKORANYA IMBAGA Y’ABANTU BENSHI

Igihe umurimo wo kubwiriza watangiraga bwa mbere muri Noruveje, bumvaga kuzabwiriza abantu batuye mu birwa byinshi byitaruye no mu turere twa kure duturiye inkombe bitazoroha. Ni yo mpamvu mu mwaka wa 1928 ibiro by’ishami byaguze ubwato bwa moteri bwashoboraga guturwamo n’abapayiniya babiri cyangwa batatu, kandi bukomeye bihagije ku buryo bwari gushobora kugera ku nkombe zose za Noruveje. Ariko se ni nde wari kuba kapiteni w’ubwo bwato? Umupayiniya wari umenyereye witwaga Karl Gunberg yarabyitangiye. Kuba yari yarigeze kuba mu ngabo zirwanira mu mazi kandi akaba yari amaze igihe yigisha abantu gutwara amato, byabaye ingirakamaro cyane. Ubwato bwa mbere bwitwaga Elihu, bwatangiriye urugendo i Oslo, bwerekeza mu majyepfo, kandi bwagendaga buhagarara ku byambu bitandukanye. Icyakora, mu ijoro rimwe mu gihe cy’amezi y’imbeho mu mwaka wa 1929, ubwo bwato Elihu bwahuye n’umuyaga ukaze bumenekera hafi y’i Stavanger. Ariko abantu bose bishimiye ko abavandimwe bari baburimo bashoboye kugera imusozi ari bazima.

Mu mwaka wa 1931 abavandimwe babonye ubundi bwato, babwita Esiteri. Nanone Karl ni we wabaye kapiteni wabwo, agafashwa n’abandi bavandimwe babiri. Mu myaka irindwi yakurikiyeho, ubwo bwato bwageze mu mafasi yo mu burengerazuba no mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje. Mu mwaka wa 1932, Karl yumvaga “amaze gusaza cyane ku buryo atari agishoboye izo ngendo.” Yaretse kuba mu mazi, ajya gukorera umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu burasirazuba bwa Noruveje, ubwato abusigira Johannes Kårstad. Mu mwaka wa 1938, ubwo bwato Esiteri bwasimbujwe ubundi bwitwaga Rusi, bwakoreshejwe kugeza mu mwaka wa 1940, igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yatumaga umurimo wo kubwiriza mu nyanja uhagarara. Abapayiniya babaga muri ayo mato bari barageze mu turere twinshi kandi baratanze ibitabo byinshi. Mu mwaka wa 1939, abavandimwe babiri babaga mu bwato bwitwaga Rusi, ari bo Andreas Hope na Magnus Randal, bavuze ko mu mwaka umwe gusa batanze ibitabo, udutabo n’amagazeti birenga 16.000, kandi incuro 1.072 bumvishije abantu 2.531 disikuru zabaga zarafashwe amajwi.

Uretse ibintu byinshi bihebuje byo mu buryo bw’umwuka abavandimwe babaga muri ayo mato bagezeho, nanone babonye ibintu nyaburanga bishishikaje. Andreas Hope yagize ati “buri munsi twagendaga twerekeza mu majyaruguru, tunyura mu mibande ikikijwe n’imisozi miremire. Kuyireba byabaga binogeye ijisho; yari minini kandi ari myiza bihebuje.” Mu mezi y’imbeho, mu majyaruguru y’impera y’isi, abo bavandimwe babonaga “urumuri rw’amabara meza cyane rugaragara mu kirere.” Naho mu mpeshyi, bagatangazwa n’“izuba ryagezaga mu ma saa sita y’ijoro rikimurika.”

MUSHIKI WACU W’UMUPAYINIYA WARANGWAGA N’ISHYAKA

Mu myaka ya za 30, umubare w’abapayiniya wariyongereye cyane. Nubwo bahuraga n’ingorane, kandi bakaba bari badafite ibintu biborohereza mu buzima, bageze mu mafasi menshi babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza kandi batanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Ishyaka ridacogora bagaragaje ni ryo ryagize uruhare mu gushyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rw’ukwiyongera kwabayeho nyuma yaho.

Urugero, Solveig Løvås w’i Oslo (waje kwitwa Stormyr), yari yaramaze igihe ashakisha ukuri, kandi yari yaragiye asengera mu madini anyuranye. Umunsi umwe yagiye mu materaniro y’Abahamya ba Yehova, maze ahita abona ko yari yabonye ukuri kwa Bibiliya. Yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1933, maze hashize imyaka ibiri ajya gukorera umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje. Nubwo Solveig yacumbagiraga buhoro bitewe n’uko yari yarigeze kurwara imbasa, mu myaka itandatu gusa yari yarabwirije mu migi hafi ya yose, mu nsisiro n’imidugudu y’abarobyi n’abantu bo mu midugudu mito yo mu giturage, ahera mu majyepfo ya Bodø agera i Kirkenes. Abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi bemeye ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Mu mwaka umwe gusa, Solveig yakoreshereje abantu basaga 1.100 abonema y’amagazeti yacu!

Umuntu washimishijwe cyane n’ubutumwa bwa Solveig ni umubaji wo mu mudugudu wa Hennes muri Vesterålen, witwaga Dag Jensen. Yari amaze imyaka myinshi abonye ibitabo byacu abihawe n’abandi bantu bari bashimishijwe. Igihe Solveig yahuraga na Dag, yamukoreshereje abonema y’amagazeti, hanyuma ajya kubwiriza mu yandi mafasi. Dag yahise atangira kubwiriza wenyine, akajya atiza abandi bantu bashimishijwe ibitabo bike yari afite.

Solveig ageze ku kirwa cya Andøya, yegereye itsinda ry’abarobyi b’inkorokoro aho bari mu kazu baruhukiragamo. Yababwirije ashize amanga, abumvisha disikuru zari zarafashwe amajwi kandi abakoreshereza abonema y’amagazeti. Umurobyi umwe wari ukiri muto witwaga Frits Madsen, yarashimishijwe maze akoresha abonema y’amagazeti yacu. Iyo Solveig yabaga amaze kubwiriza mu ifasi yose, yakomerezaga mu yindi. Incuro nyinshi ni uko abapayiniya bakoraga; barabwirizaga, bakabona abantu bashimishijwe, bakabasigira ibitabo kandi bakabakoreshereza abonema y’amagazeti, hanyuma bagakomereza mu mafasi mashya. Ni iki cyari gukorwa kugira ngo abo bantu bose bari bashimishijwe bafashwe?

BARAGIRA UMUKUMBI W’IMANA

Muri Mutarama 1939 hatangiye gahunda nshya y’abagenzuzi basura amatorero. Noruveje yagabanyijwemo zone cyangwa uturere tune. Abagenzuzi b’uturere (icyo gihe bitwaga abakozi ba zone) bagombaga kujya bamara igihe kinini ahantu hamwe kuruta uko babikoraga mbere. Bibandaga cyane ku gufasha amatorero, gushinga amatorero mashya no gufasha abantu bashimishijwe gutangira umurimo wo kubwiriza. Andreas Kvinge yabaye umugenzuzi w’akarere ka 4 kari gafite uburebure bw’ibirometero 2.600, kakaba karaheraga i Florø kakagera i Kirkenes. Muri ako karere kagari hari amatorero atatu gusa, ari yo Trondheim, Namsos na Narvik. Ariko nanone hari ababwiriza, amatsinda n’abantu bari barakoresheje abonema z’amagazeti bari batuye mu turere twitaruye bagombaga gusurwa.

Andreas yerekeje mu majyaruguru ari kumwe n’umugore we Sigrid, akenshi bakaba baragendaga ku igare. Yagerageje gufasha ababwiriza n’abandi bashimishijwe kugira amajyambere mu kuri. Abapayiniya, urugero nka Solveig Løvås, bahaga Andreas amakuru yose yerekeranye n’abantu bashimishijwe babaga bakeneye ubufasha bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Urugero, yamubwiye ibyerekeye Dag Jensen w’i Hennes na Frits Madsen wo ku kirwa cya Andøya.

Andreas yibuka uko byagenze mu mwaka wa 1940, ubwo yahuraga na Dag bwa mbere, agira ati “nasanze yogosha ubwanwa, kandi mu maso he hari huzuye urufuro rw’isabune. Sinzigera nibagirwa amaso ye akeye yari akikijwe n’urufuro. Yibagiwe burundu ko yarimo yogosha ubwanwa.” Andreas yafashije Dag kugira amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Dag yarangwaga n’ishyaka, kandi bidatinze yafashije umugore we Anna n’incuti na bene wabo benshi kumenya ukuri.

Andreas yagiye mu mudugudu wa Bleik ku kirwa cya Andøya gushaka wa murobyi wari ukiri muto witwaga Frits Madsen. Andreas yafashije Frits n’umugore we, baba urufatiro rw’itorero ryaje gushingwa aho ngaho. Mu tundi turere, Andreas n’umugore we basuye abantu bari barabwirijwe bwa mbere na Solveig n’abandi bapayiniya bakoranaga umwete. Andreas n’abandi bagenzuzi b’uturere bateguraga amateraniro kandi bagashinga amatorero. Kandi nk’uko byagendaga mu itorero rya gikristo ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere, muri Noruveje bamwe barateraga, abandi bakuhira, ariko mu buryo bukomeye “Imana ni yo yakomeje gukuza.”—1 Kor 3:6.

INTAMBARA YA KABIRI Y’ISI YOSE IJEGEZA NORUVEJE

Muri Mata 1940, Noruveje yashowe mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose igihe ingabo z’u Budage zigaruriraga icyo gihugu. Nyuma y’imirwano yamaze iminsi 62 gusa, igihugu cyose cyigaruriwe n’Abanazi bo mu Budage. Icyo gihe imigi myinshi yari yarasutsweho ibisasu byinshi. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, igipolisi cya ba maneko b’Abanazi cyitwaga Gestapo cyafashe umugenzuzi w’ibiro by’ishami, ari we Enok Öman, kimufunga icyumweru. Abapolisi bamaze kumuhata ibibazo, baramurekuye. Hashize ibyumweru runaka, Gestapo yongeye gufata umuvandimwe Öman ijya kumuhata ibibazo.

Abavandimwe batinyaga ko Abanazi babohereza mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa nk’uko bari baragenje abavandimwe bo mu Budage. Icyakora Abanazi ntibabikoze, kandi ababwiriza bakomeje kubwiriza babigiranye ishyaka no kwiyemeza. Mu by’ukuri, wabonaga abantu bararushijeho kwakira neza ubutumwa bwiza bitewe n’intambara, kandi batangiye kuyoborera abantu benshi icyigisho cya Bibiliya (icyo gihe cyitwaga icyigisho cy’icyitegererezo). Abavandimwe bari bakibona Umunara w’Umurinzi w’ikidanwa wavaga muri Danimarike, ariko igazeti ya Nimukanguke! (Ny Verden) yo yakomeje gusohoka mu kinyanoruveje. Bakomeje kugira amateraniro n’amakoraniro, kandi birashishikaje kumenya ko umubare w’ababwiriza wakomezaga kwiyongera.

IBITABO BIFATIRWA, ABAVANDIMWE BAGAFUNGWA N’UMURIMO UKABUZANYWA

Icyakora ni bwo ibibazo byari bitangiye. Abapolisi b’Abadage bongeye kuza ku biro by’ishami bashaka ibitabo, kandi bahata ibibazo umuvandimwe Öman. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1940, bafatiriye igitabo cyasobanuraga abanzi (Enemies) bitewe n’uko cyarimo amagambo yerekeranye n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwitwa Fashisime n’ubw’Abanazi. Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1941 abapolisi bafashe abapayiniya benshi bajya kubahata ibibazo. Rimwe na rimwe Abanazi bo mu Budage na Noruveje bajyaga mu materaniro y’amatorero bagiye kuneka. Hanyuma, Abanazi baragarutse bafatira udutabo tubiri twari ku biro by’ishami, akasobanuraga Fashisime (Fascisme ou Liberté) n’akasobanuraga ubutegetsi n’amahoro (Gouvernement et Paix).

Mu buryo butunguranye, muri Nyakanga 1941, Gestapo yatangije mu gihugu hose gahunda yo guhagarika umurimo wacu wo kubwiriza muri Noruveje. Abapolisi batanu b’Abadage baje kuri Beteli, bafatira ibitabo byari bisigaye kandi bajyana abagize umuryango wa Beteli ku biro by’abapolisi kubahata ibibazo. Umuvandimwe Öman yagombaga kujya yitaba ku biro bya polisi buri munsi, ibyo akaba yarabikoze mu gihe cy’ibyumweru 12.

Mu gikorwa Gestapo yari yateguye neza, yateye ingo z’abavandimwe bari bafite inshingano, bafatira ibitabo byose byanditswe na Watch Tower Society. Babwiye abavandimwe ko bagombaga kureka kubwiriza bitaba ibyo bakoherezwa mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Gestapo yafashe abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi, kandi bamwe yabamaranye iminsi.

Abapolisi bagiye kwa Sigurd Roos wari utuye i Moss bafatira ibitabo bye. Sigurd n’umugore we n’undi muvandimwe barafashwe. Abapolisi babasabye kureka kubwiriza no gukoresha izina rya Yehova. Abo babwiriza babasobanuriye ko batari kuzigera bareka kubwiriza ibya Yehova n’Ubwami bwe. Amaherezo abapolisi baravuze bati “yewe, turabona tudashobora kubambura ukwizera kwanyu.” Nyuma y’amasaha make, barekuye abo babwiriza bari bashikamye.

Nanone Abanazi bagiye kwa Olaf Skau, i Oslo. Batereye ibintu byose hejuru, bafatira za Bibiliya, ibitabo n’ibyuma bisohora amajwi, kandi bafunga akabati k’ibitabo ka Olaf. Icyakora, abo bapolisi ntibabonye amakarita yashyirwagaho raporo y’ababwiriza kuko yari yayahishe mu ifuru. Nyuma yaho, Abanazi bagarutse bafite ikamyo baje gutwara bya bitabo. Umuyobozi wabo yari umupolisi mukuru wo mu Banazi watinywaga cyane witwaga Klaus Grossmann. Olaf yabajije Grossmann icyo bari kuzamaza ibyo bitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, amusubiza ko bari kubisya bakabikoramo impapuro.

Umuvandimwe Skau yaramubajije ati “ariko se ntutinya Yehova?”

Uwo Munazi yamusubizanyije ubwirasi bwinshi ati “ahubwo uwo Yehova yitonde!” Igihe Abanazi batsindwaga imyaka ine nyuma yaho, Grossmann yariyahuye.

Abapolisi ba Gestapo bafatiye Andreas Kvinge i Bodø muri Nyakanga 1941 bamubaza aho Abahamya bo mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje bari bari. Andreas yabashubije ababwiza ukuri ati “sinzi aho bari uyu munsi.” Gerageza kwiyumvisha uko Andreas yumvaga ameze igihe abapolisi bamuhataga ibibazo, bakanyanyagiza hasi ibyari mu isakoshi ye, hakaba harimo impapuro zarimo amazina na aderesi by’amatorero, abakozi b’amatorero n’abantu bashimishijwe. Icyakora Andreas yahumurijwe n’uko nta wigeze yirushya agenzura izo mpapuro. Abapolisi ba Gestapo bari bashishikajwe no gusinyisha Andreas urwandiko rwavugaga ko yemera ko kubwiriza no kuba Umuhamya wa Yehova byari bibujijwe.

Andreas yarabashubije ati “tuzi ko ubu umurimo wacu wabuzanyijwe, bityo nshobora gusinyira ko ibyo mbizi. Ariko nubwo kugira amateraniro no gutanga ibitabo n’amagazeti bibujijwe, tuzakomeza kubwira abantu ibyerekeye Ubwami bw’Imana dukoresheje Bibiliya.” Gestapo imaze kubona neza ko Andreas atashoboraga guteshuka ku kwizera kwe, yaramurekuye.

Amaherezo Abanazi bafatiriye inzu y’ibiro by’ishami abavandimwe bakoreshaga. Bemereye umuvandimwe na mushiki wacu Öman kuyigumamo, ariko abandi bagize umuryango wa Beteli bategetswe kuyivamo.

AMATERANIRO MU GIHE UMURIMO WARI UBUZANYIJWE

Igihe Abanazi bageragezaga gutsembaho Abahamya ba Yehova, abavandimwe bahise batangira gukorera mu bwihisho. Abavandimwe bake bakoraga umurimo wo gusura abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakabatera inkunga. Søren Lauridsen, wari warahoze akora kuri Beteli, yasuraga abavandimwe bo mu majyepfo ya Noruveje. Mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje, Andreas Kvinge yakomeje gusura abavandimwe bo mu karere ke, akenshi agashaka akazi k’ibiraka kugira ngo ayobye uburari. Mu mwaka wa 1943, Magnus Randal, wari warakoreye ubupayiniya mu bwato bwitwaga Rusi, yahawe n’umuvandimwe Öman aderesi z’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu, maze akora urugendo rw’ibirometero 1200 ku igare yerekeza mu majyaruguru i Bodø gutera inkunga abo bavandimwe.

Nubwo abategetsi bari barabuzanyije amateraniro, amatsinda y’abavandimwe yakomeje guteranira hamwe kugira ngo baterane inkunga. Ubusanzwe, amatsinda mato yateraniraga mu ngo, ariko rimwe na rimwe bateraniraga hamwe mu ibanga ari benshi. Mu mwaka wa 1942, bashimishijwe cyane n’uko abantu 280 baje mu Rwibutso rwabereye ahantu habiri i Oslo, abagera kuri 90 bakarya ku mugati bakanywa no kuri divayi.

Nanone Abahamya bashoboye gukora amakoraniro mu ibanga, yaberaga mu masambu yitaruye cyangwa mu mashyamba. Ikoraniro rinini muri ayo ni iryabereye mu ishyamba ryo hafi y’umudugudu wa Ski mu mwaka wa 1943. Ryarimo abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera ku 180 bari baturutse mu karere ko hafi ya Oslo. Mu kiruhuko, ubwo abari mu ikoraniro bafataga amafunguro, bagiye kubona babona abasirikare batatu b’Abadage bari ku mafarashi barahingutse. None se abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bari kubigenza bate?

Umuvandimwe wavugaga ikidage yarabegereye maze amenya ko bashakaga kujya koga ariko bakaba bari bayobye. Birumvikana nyine ko abavandimwe bihutiye kwereka abo basirikare inzira.

Ubwo bari bagiye, umusirikare umwe yabajije bagenzi be ati “ese bariya bantu bakoraniye hariya bakora iki?”

Mugenzi we yaramushubije ati “ubanza ari abari muri korari.” Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu ntibiriwe bashaka gukosora abo basirikare, ahubwo bariruhukije babonye abo basirikare barenze mu ishyamba.

DUKORERA MU BWIHISHO

Ababwiriza benshi bari barahishe ibitabo ahantu hadasanzwe. Baracukuraga bakabitaba, bakabikuramo ari uko babikeneye. Umuvandimwe Skau wakoraga mu by’amashanyarazi, yahishe ikarito y’ibitabo inyuma y’imashini yo ku kazi ihindura umuriro. Umuvandimwe Øiseth yahishaga ibitabo mu mizinga y’inzuki, naho umuvandimwe Kvinge we yabihishaga mu gitebo cy’ibirayi.

Kubera ko mushiki wacu Lotte Holm yatinyaga ko ibitabo byari i Harstad byafatwa, yagiye kuvanayo amakarito yose y’ibitabo. Yuriye ubwato, apanga amakarito yitonze, arangije ayicara hejuru. Ubwato buhagurutse, yarakangaranye abonye ukuntu ubwo bwato bwarimo abasirikare benshi b’Abadage, atangira kwibaza ahangayitse ukuntu yari gupakurura ibyo bitabo nta wumubonye. Icyakora, nta mpamvu yari afite zo kwiheba. Igihe ubwato bwageraga ku cyambu, abo basirikare bagiriye impuhwe uwo mukecuru wari ufite imitwaro myinshi iremereye, maze bamufasha gupakurura amakarito yose, ndetse barayamutwaza bayageza iwe mu rugo. Abo basirikare bari bafite ikinyabupfura, ntibamenye ukuntu iyo neza yabo yagiriye akamaro kanini Abahamya bo muri icyo gihe.

Nubwo umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe, abavandimwe bakomeje kwinjiza muri Noruveje rwihishwa kopi z’Umunara w’Umurinzi zabaga ziherutse gusohoka bazivanye muri Suwede no muri Danimarike. Bahinduraga ibice byo kwigwa mu kinyanoruveje, hanyuma bakohereza mu gihugu hose kopi zicapye ku mashini. Hariho uburyo buhambaye bwo kugeza ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu gihe gikwiriye ku basengaga Imana by’ukuri mu gihugu hose, hakoreshejwe gari ya moshi, amagare cyangwa ubwato.

BAKOMEJE KUBWIRIZA

Mu ntambara, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo muri Noruveje barageragejwe cyane. Igihe umurimo wacu wabuzanywaga muri Nyakanga 1941, abavandimwe bagiriwe inama yo kwitwararika kugira ngo badashotora abategetsi b’Abanazi. Ku bw’ibyo, benshi babwirizaga incuti na bene wabo mu buryo bufatiweho, cyangwa bagasubira gusura abantu bigeze kuganira na bo. Icyakora, hari abandi bavandimwe bumvaga ko gukoresha ubwo buryo ari ugukabya kujenjeka, bakumva ko kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu bakoresheje Bibiliya yonyine nta cyo byari bitwaye. Nubwo abo bavandimwe batumvikanaga ku birebana n’uko umurimo wo kubwiriza wagombaga gukorwa, bose bari bafite icyifuzo kivuye ku mutima cyo gukorera Yehova mu budahemuka nubwo barwanywaga.

None se abo bavandimwe bari gukora iki? Intambara yari yaratumye badashobora gushyikirana n’icyicaro gikuru cy’i New York, bityo byasaga naho icyo kibazo kitari hafi kubonerwa umuti. Ese abo bavandimwe bari kwemera ko ibyo batumvikanagaho bicogoza ukwizera kwabo? Cyangwa ahubwo bari gukomeza kubwiriza uko bashoboye kose, ubundi bagategereza igihe Yehova azakemurira icyo kibazo binyuze ku muteguro we?

Byaragaragaraga ko Yehova yabahaga umugisha mu murimo bakoraga mu budahemuka, kubera ko mu ntambara umuteguro wagize ukwiyongera kungana n’uko wari waragize mu myaka itanu yabanjirije intambara. Nubwo hari iyo ntambara, umurimo warabuzanyijwe kandi n’abavandimwe bakaba batarumvikanaga ku buryo umurimo wo kubwiriza wagombaga gukorwamo, umubare w’ababwiriza wariyongereye, uva ku babwiriza 462 mu mwaka wa 1940 ugera kuri 689 mu wa 1945. Iyo rwose ni impamvu yatumye abavandimwe bishima!

BUNGA UBUMWE MU MURIMO WA YEHOVA

Intambara imaze kurangira mu mwaka wa 1945, William Dey yagiye muri Noruveje muri Nyakanga no muri Kanama gufasha abavandimwe kongera gushyira kuri gahunda umurimo wabo. Umuvandimwe Dey yateguye amateraniro i Oslo, i Skien n’i Bergen maze yinginga abavandimwe bose ngo bunge ubumwe mu mihati izira uburyarya bose bashyiragaho. Yababwiye ko Yehova yabahaye imigisha, bakagira ukwiyongera, kandi ko bashoboraga gukomeza kujya mbere biringiye ko Yehova yari kubaha ubuyobozi.

Muri Nzeri 1945, Nathan H. Knorr, wari ku biro bikuru, yavuganye n’umuvandimwe w’Umunyamerika w’imyaka 28 wari ufite inkomoko muri Danimarike, witwaga Marvin F. Anderson. Yari yarigeze gukora kuri Beteli y’i New York, ariko icyo gihe yari umugenzuzi w’akarere muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Umuvandimwe Knorr yabajije umuvandimwe Anderson niba yakwemera kujya muri Noruveje kwita ku bibazo bimwe na bimwe kandi akamarayo “imyaka myinshi.” Umuvandimwe Anderson yarabyemeye, nubwo byari kumusaba amezi runaka mbere y’uko agera muri Noruveje.

Hagati aho, umuvandimwe Knorr n’umuvandimwe Henschel basuye Noruveje mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1945. Ubuyobozi bwuje urukundo batanze bwafashije abavandimwe kunga ubumwe bahujwe n’umurunga ukomeye w’urukundo. Muri icyo gihe nanone, umuvandimwe Knorr yatangaje ko umuvandimwe Dey yari gusimbura umuvandimwe Öman ku mwanya wo kuba umugenzuzi w’ishami. Hashize ukwezi, umuvandimwe Anderson yageze muri Noruveje, maze muri Gashyantare aba umugenzuzi w’ishami. Nubwo abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri Noruveje yose bari bavuye mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, bakomeje umurimo babigiranye imbaraga, biringiye ko Yehova yari gukomeza kubaha imigisha myinshi.

UMUTEGURO WA YEHOVA UKOMEZA KUJYA MBERE

Igihe Marvin Anderson yageraga muri Noruveje, ku biro by’ishami hari akazi kenshi. Muri Nzeri 1945, ababwiriza babonye agatabo kamwe mu kinyanoruveje n’utundi tune mu gisuwede. Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho, igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yo ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1945, yasohotse mu kinyanoruveje, nyuma yaho haboneka n’ibindi bitabo byinshi.

Hari ikintu gishekeje cyagaragaje akamaro ko kugira ibitabo mu kinyanoruveje. Hari agatabo kamwe kari gafite umutwe uvuga ngo Hopp mu gisuwede, bisobanura “ibyiringiro.” Ariko kandi, mu kinyanoruveje “hopp” bisobanura “gusimbuka.” Ababwiriza bagombaga gusobanura ko ubutumwa bwabo bw’ibyiringiro batangazaga butasabaga abasomyi gusimbuka!

Igihe umuvandimwe Anderson yabaga umugenzuzi w’ishami mu mwaka wa 1946, ibiro by’ishami ntibyari bifite ibyumba bihagije; bityo yabaga mu cyumba cyarimo abandi bavandimwe batanu. Abantu batari Abahamya babaga mu nzu y’ibiro by’ishami kuva mu gihe cy’Abanazi, bagombaga kuvamo kugira ngo abagize umuryango wa Beteli bakomezaga kwiyongera babone aho baba.

Umuvandimwe Anderson yashohoje inshingano ye nshya abigiranye ishyaka. Ibiro by’ishami byaravuguruwe kandi bihabwa ibikoresho bishya, hakubiyemo imashini banyonga icapa ibitabo. Mu mwaka wa 1946, mu matorero yose hatangijwe ishuri rishya, ni ukuvuga Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi. Icyo gihe noneho, abavandimwe benshi bashoboraga guhabwa imyitozo yo gutegura disikuru no kuzitanga, kandi bidatinze, benshi muri bo bagize ubushobozi bwo gutanga disikuru z’abantu bose.

Amakoraniro ya mbere yabaye nyuma y’intambara yabaye muri Nzeri n’Ukwakira 1946, abera mu migi ya Oslo, Bergen na Trondheim. Muri ayo makoraniro yose, abantu 3.011 bakurikiranye disikuru y’abantu bose yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umwami w’amahoro,” habatizwa abantu 52; iyo mibare ikaba yari iteye inkunga rwose kubera ko icyo gihe muri Noruveje hari ababwiriza 766 gusa.

Mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1946, umurimo wo gusura amatorero wongeye gutangira, ukaba wari umaze imyaka isaga itanu warahagaze. Abavandimwe bari bakiri bato, bamwe muri bo bakaba bari barakoze kuri Beteli, bahawe inshingano yo kuba abagenzuzi basura amatorero (icyo gihe bitwaga abakozi b’abavandimwe). Imwe mu ntego z’ibanze bari bafite, yari ugutoza ababwiriza kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu, kandi muri buri torero bihatiraga gukorana n’ababwiriza benshi uko bishoboka kose. Gunnar Marcussen, umwe mu bagenzuzi b’uturere b’icyo gihe bari bakiri bato, avuga ko mu matorero amwe n’amwe yabwirizanyaga n’ababwiriza bari hagati ya 50 na 70 mu cyumweru yamaraga mu itorero. Buhoro buhoro, ababwiriza bagendaga barushaho kugira ubuhanga bwo gutangaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami, kandi baretse kubwiriza bakoresheje amakarita n’ibyuma bisohora amajwi byakoreshwaga kuva mu myaka ya za 30. Nanone bibandaga ku gusubira gusura abantu no kubigisha Bibiliya.

BATEZA IMBERE UMURIMO W’UBUPAYINIYA

Nyuma y’intambara, ababwiriza batewe inkunga yo gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya kugira ngo bafashe abantu batasibaga kwiyongera bagaragazaga ko bashimishijwe n’ubutumwa bw’Ubwami. Ibyo byatumye ababwiriza benshi bari barahagaritse umurimo w’ubupayiniya igihe umurimo wacu wabuzanywaga mu mwaka wa 1941 bongera gukora umurimo w’igihe cyose. Nubwo ubukungu bwari bwifashe nabi, byageze mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1946 abavandimwe na bashiki bacu 47 baratangiye gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya.

Umwe muri abo bapayiniya ni mushiki wacu witwaga Svanhild Neraal, wagiye kubwiriza mu majyaruguru mu karere ka Finnmark mu mwaka wa 1946. Svanhild yari yarigeze gukorerayo umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu mwaka wa 1941 ari kumwe na Solveig Løvås, kandi yari yariboneye ukuntu imigi ya Kirkenes na Vardø yari yararashweho ibisasu. Svanhild ntiyashoboraga kwibagirwa abantu bashimishijwe we na Solveig bari barabonyeyo, bityo yasubiye mu mugi wa Kirkenes, icyo gihe wari warashenywe n’intambara. Abantu bo muri ako karere batekerezaga ko Svanhild yari yarataye umutwe, kuko yari yagiyeyo adafite aho aba.

Icyakora, Svanhild yiringiraga Yehova, kandi mu mezi y’imbeho yo muri uwo mwaka, yaryamaga hasi mu gikoni cy’inzu nto yabagamo abandi bantu batanu. Ubuzima bwa nyuma y’intambara bwari bugoye cyane, kandi yahuye n’ibibazo byinshi. Incuro nyinshi yategerezaga ubwato hagwa urubura cyangwa imvura ikonje cyane nka barafu, hakaba igihe ubwo bwato butaje, bwanaza bukaza bwakererewe.

Svanhild yabonye ibintu byinshi bishishikaje igihe yabwirizaga Abasami. Iyo atashoboraga kugera mu duce twitaruye bari batuyemo agiye na bisi, yagendaga n’ubwato cyangwa igare. Abasami bari bafite umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi bamutumiraga mu mahema yabo akozwe mu mpu z’inyamaswa, bakamutega amatwi bitonze mu gihe yabaga ababwiriza yifashishije umusemuzi. Iyo igihe cyo gufata amafunguro cyabaga kigeze, baramutumiraga bagasangira inyama z’inyamaswa zifite amahembe ameze nk’amashami. Bamwe mu bumvise ubutumwa bwiza babwirijwe na Svanhild baje kwemera ukuri.

Kjell Husby, icyo gihe wakoraga kuri Beteli, yavuze ko buri gihe ishami ryamenyaga aho Svanhild aherereye bitewe na aderesi zabaga ziri kuri abonema yoherezaga. Mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu yamaze i Finnmark, yakoreshereje abantu 2.000 abonema z’Umunara w’Umurinzi kandi atanga ibitabo 2.500!

“ABAROBYI B’ABANTU”

Nyuma y’intambara, ababwiriza bo mu matorero na bo babwirizanyije ishyaka kandi bagera ku bintu bisusurutsa umutima. Mu ntambara, Dag Jensen twigeze kuvuga, yari yarabwirije incuti na bene wabo bo mu mudugudu muto wa Hennes mu karere ka Vesterålen. Benshi barashimishijwe kandi bakajya biga Bibiliya bakoresheje ibitabo byacu. Dag yabatijwe intambara irangiye mu mwaka wa 1945. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, igihe itorero ryashingwaga i Hennes, abantu 16 babatirijwe mu rugo rwa Dag. Hashize imyaka itanu, iryo torero ryari rifite ababwiriza bagera kuri 50, kandi mu mwaka wa 1971 Dag yatanze raporo yagaragazaga ko abasaga 20 muri iryo torero bari baratangiye umurimo w’ubupayiniya.

Urukundo Dag yakundaga Yehova n’ishyaka yagiraga mu murimo wo kubwiriza byateraga abandi inkunga cyane. Åshild Rønning wakuriye muri iryo torero yagize ati “iyo Dag yageraga mu rugo, wahitaga wibonera ukuntu yari umuntu urangwa n’ibyishimo n’ishyaka. Yabaga ameze nk’akazuba gasusurutsa mu nzu.” Buri gihe Dag yateraga abana inkunga cyane, nk’igihe babaga bafite ikiganiro mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi. Åshild yagize ati “yatumaga twumva ko twakoze ikintu cy’agaciro.” Kubera iyo nkunga irangwa n’ineza, Åshild na we yatangiye gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu mwaka wa 1962, yibonera ibyishimo byo kugeza ku bandi “ubutumwa bwiza bw’ikuzo bw’Imana igira ibyishimo,” ari yo Yehova.—1 Tim 1:11.

Kuki abantu benshi bo muri ako karere babaye Abahamya barangwa n’ishyaka? Nubwo abantu bo muri uwo mudugudu muto hafi ya bose batagiraga idini basengeramo, bemeraga Imana na Bibiliya. Byongeye kandi, Abahamya benshi baho bari bazwiho ko bari abatware b’imiryango b’intangarugero bashyigikirwaga n’abagore babo b’indahemuka. Umwe muri abo batware b’imiryango, ni Arnulf Jensen wabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1947, akaba yari umuhungu wa mukuru wa Dag. Ku minsi y’imibyizi, yajyaga kuroba kugira ngo abone ikimutunga, hakaba igihe amaze iminsi myinshi mu nyanja. Ariko kuwa gatanu nimugoroba yaratahaga, niyo amafi yabaga yarumbutse kandi abandi barobyi basigaye baroba kugira ngo babone amafaranga menshi. Arnulf yakoraga ibishoboka byose akaba ari imuhira mu mpera z’icyumweru kugira ngo ajye mu materaniro kandi yifatanye mu murimo wo kubwiriza ari kumwe n’umugore we n’abana babo umunani, bose bakaba barashikamye mu kuri. Kuwa gatandatu no ku cyumweru, abavandimwe basohozaga inshingano yabo yo kuba “abarobyi b’abantu,” akenshi bagakoresha ubwato bwa Arnulf bakajya gukora umurimo w’uburobyi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu midugudu yitaruye.—Mar 1:16-18.

“DUKORA UMURIMO UHAMBAYE”

Imyitozo y’ubumisiyonari yatangiwe mu Ishuri rya Bibiliya rya Watchtower rya Gileyadi i New York yagiriye akamaro kanini abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje. Hans Peter Hemstad na Gunnar Marcussen, bahawe impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Gileyadi mu mwaka wa 1948, ni bo babaye abanyeshuri ba mbere bakomoka muri Noruveje. Boherejwe muri Noruveje baba abagenzuzi basura amatorero, bakora no kuri Beteli, bakaba barabanje gukora umurimo ari abaseribateri, hanyuma bawukomeza bari kumwe n’abagore babo. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1948 kugeza 2010, abanyeshuri bagera kuri 45 bo muri Noruveje bahawe impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Gileyadi. Abarenga icya kabiri bongeye koherezwa muri Noruveje baba ababwiriza b’igihe cyose, cyangwa abagenzuzi basura amatorero, cyangwa bakora kuri Beteli.

Mu bamisiyonari ba mbere baherewe imyitozo mu ishuri rya Gileyadi bageze muri Noruveje, harimo Andreas Hansen wo muri Danimarike na Kalevi Korttila wo muri Finilande. Mu mwaka wa 1951 boherejwe mu burasirazuba bwa Finnmark, aho bakoraga ingendo ndende mu bwato, ku magare cyangwa ku bintu bambara mu birenge bakagenda baserereka ku rubura. Incuro nyinshi bubakaga ku rufatiro rwo mu buryo bw’umwuka Svanhild Neraal yari yarashyizeho mu myaka runaka mbere yaho. Ibyo byatumye mu mwaka umwe gusa umubare w’ababwiriza muri iyo fasi wiyongera, bava kuri 3 bagera kuri 15!

Kjell Martinsen w’i Hennes muri Vesterålen yahawe impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Gileyadi mu mwaka wa 1953 yoherezwa muri Noruveje. Afite imyaka 22 gusa, yoherejwe gusura amatorero yo mu karere ka Vestfold na Telemark. Nubwo yumvaga kuba umugenzuzi w’akarere akiri muto bene ako kageni bimuteye ubwoba, afite ibintu byinshi bishimishije yibuka, urugero nk’ukuntu abavandimwe bari inararibonye kumurusha bamwakiranye urugwiro kandi bagafatanya na we mu budahemuka. Kjell yakomeje gukora umurimo wo gusura amatorero kugeza mu mwaka wa 2001, igihe we n’umugore we Jorunn bajyaga gutura mu mugi wa Svolvær mu karere ka Lofoten, bagakomeza umurimo w’ubupayiniya.

Karen Christensen yaje mu mwaka wa 1950 aturutse muri Danimarike, ajya gukorera umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu turere tutabagamo amatorero twa Egersund na Kongsvinger. Yabwirizaga mu ifasi ye akoresheje igare. Amaze guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya Gileyadi mu mwaka wa 1954, yoherejwe mu mugi wa Kongsberg. Mu mwaka wa 1956 yashakanye na Marvin Anderson, kandi kuva icyo gihe yatangiye gukora kuri Beteli. Ubu Karen amaze imyaka isaga 60 mu murimo w’igihe cyose. Karen agira ati “ntituri abantu bahambaye, ariko dukora umurimo uhambaye.”

IBINTU BITAZIBAGIRANA MU RWEGO RW’AMATEGEKO

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1948 kugera mu wa 1951, habayeho ukwiyongera gushimishije. Mu mwaka wa 1951, umubare w’ababwiriza wiyongereyeho 29 ku ijana, bagera ku 2.066. Icyakora muri icyo gihe abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri Noruveje bahuye n’ikibazo kitoroshye cyo mu rwego rw’amategeko.

Ikibazo cyashishikaje abantu benshi ni icyarebanaga no kubwiriza mu muhanda hatangwa amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi. Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1949, hari ababwiriza babwirizaga mu muhanda i Oslo bafashwe bajyanwa ku biro bya polisi, barekurwa nyuma y’amasaha make. Abo Bahamya ntibacitse intege, ahubwo mu mpera z’icyumweru cyakurikiyeho basubiye kubwiriza mu muhanda. Hanyuma ku itariki ya 6 Ukuboza 1949, ababwiriza bose babwirizaga mu muhanda mu mugi wa Oslo barafashwe. Abo babwiriza babwiwe ko batari bemerewe gutanga amagazeti mu muhanda batabiherewe uburenganzira na polisi. Polisi yavugaga ko umurimo wabo washoboraga guteza akaduruvayo mu muhanda, bigatuma abantu n’imodoka batabona aho banyura. Ababwiriza barindwi bahaswe ibibazo hanyuma bajyanwa mu rukiko bacibwa amande, baramuka batayatanze bagafungwa iminsi itatu.

Abavandimwe bajuririye Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Noruveje kubera ko icyo kitari ikibazo cyo kubona uburenganzira bwa polisi gusa, ahubwo cyari gifitanye isano n’uburenganzira bwabo bwo gukurikiza imyizerere y’idini ryabo nta nkomyi. Uwari uhagarariye Abahamya ba Yehova witwaga John Roos yatangarije mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Dagbladet ko umurimo wacu wo kubwiriza mu muhanda utigeze uteza akaduruvayo. Yagize ati “niba umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’idini utarigeze uhungabanya amahoro, ntubangamire imodoka kandi ntutume haba umubyigano w’abantu, ubwo ni ngombwa kujya gusaba uburenganzira polisi? Cyangwa ahubwo umudendezo mu by’idini uha buri muturage wese uburenganzira bwo gukora umurimo nk’uwo wo kubwiriza?” Mu gihe Abahamya bari bagitegereje umwanzuro w’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, bakomeje kubwiriza mu muhanda nubwo bakomezaga gufatwa kandi bagacibwa amande menshi kurushaho. Hari ababwiriza bafashwe incuro zigera ku icumi.

Ku itariki ya 17 Kamena 1950, Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwasheshe umwanzuro w’urukiko rw’umugi, maze ababwiriza bagirwa abere! Uwo mwanzuro ndetse n’iyindi, yemeje ko Abahamya ba Yehova bafite uburenganzira bahabwa n’amategeko muri Noruveje bwo gutanga ibitabo, haba mu muhanda no ku nzu n’inzu batabanje kubisabira uburenganzira polisi.

AMAKORANIRO ATAZIBAGIRANA

Mu myaka ya za 50 na 60, habaye amakoraniro menshi atazibagirana yakomeje umuteguro kandi atuma abavandimwe barushaho kunga ubumwe. Nathan H. Knorr na Milton G. Henschel, bari baturutse ku cyicaro gikuru, batanze disikuru mu ikoraniro ry’igihugu ryabereye i Lillehammer mu mwaka wa 1951. Abantu baturutse mu duce twose tw’igihugu baza muri iryo koraniro. Abari baje muri iryo koraniro bashimishijwe cyane no kubona abantu 89 babatijwe, n’abantu 2.391 baje kumva disikuru y’abantu bose. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje bashimishijwe cyane no kujya mu makoraniro mpuzamahanga yabereye i Londres n’i New York. Hanyuma, mu mwaka wa 1955, Abahamya bo muri Noruveje bagera ku 2.000 bagiye mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Stockholm muri Suwede.

Ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ijambo ry’ukuri,” ryabereye i Oslo muri sitade ya Ullevål mu mwaka wa 1965, na ryo ntirizibagirana. Icyakora havutse ikibazo. Ikipi y’igihugu ya Noruveje yagombaga gukina n’indi kipi yo mu gihugu, zigakinira kuri iyo sitade ku mugoroba wari bubanzirize ikoraniro. Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bategerereje inyuma y’amarembo ya sitade ko abafana bataha, hanyuma bahita biroha muri sitade kugira ngo bayitunganye izaberemo ikoraniro. Bakoranye umwete ijoro ryose, barayisukura bakuramo imyanda yose kandi bashinga amahema yo gutangiramo ibiribwa. Nanone bubatse podiyumu, batunganya aho gushyira ibyuma by’indangururamajwi, bahataka bubaka akazu ko kubikamo ibintu n’utundi tuzu dutatu, twose badusakaza ibyatsi. Ikinyamakuru Dagbladet cyaranditse kiti “nijoro habaye igitangaza. Sitade ya Ullevål yahindutse ahantu nyaburanga. . . Ibyo byose byakozwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova bashyizeho imihati idasanzwe.”

Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo muri Noruveje bacumbikiye abantu barenga 7.000 bari bavuye mu bindi bihugu, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari bavuye muri Danimarike. Bashinze amahema hafi y’umugi bacumbikiramo abashyitsi. Nta kibazo cyari kuhaba iyo ikirere gikomeza kuba cyiza. Icyakora, abantu 6.000 bacumbitse muri ayo mahema ntibazibagirwa imvura yaguye mu minsi ya mbere y’ikoraniro igatuma aho hantu hahinduka isayo. Buri wese yashimishijwe n’uko ikirere cyabaye cyiza mu minsi ibiri ya nyuma y’ikoraniro. Nubwo ikirere kitari kimeze neza, abavandimwe baho n’abashyitsi basusurukijwe n’imishyikirano myiza bagiranaga, kandi bagaruriwe ubuyanja na porogaramu yo mu buryo bw’umwuka yari iziye igihe. Abari muri iryo koraniro bashimishijwe cyane no kubona abantu 199 babatizwa, kandi abantu bagera ku 12.332 baje kumva disikuru y’abantu bose yatanzwe n’umuvandimwe Knorr.

“KUBWIRIZA NI BYO BITUBESHAHO”

Uretse kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu no mu mihanda, nanone abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi bagiye bagera ku bintu bishimishije binyuze mu kubwiriza mu buryo bufatiweho. Mu mwaka wa 1936, Konrad Flatøy wakoraga ku bwato, yahaye undi mukozi agatabo. Uwo mukozi witwaga Paul Bruun, yemeye ako gatabo ahita agasoma muri iryo joro.

Paul yagize ati “nahise mbona ko ako gatabo karimo ukuri, kandi kanyeretse itandukaniro riri hagati y’idini ry’ukuri n’iry’ikinyoma.” Paul amaze kumenya byinshi, yatangiye kubwiriza abandi, kandi mu gihe cy’intambara yigishije Bibiliya umusare wari ushimishijwe. Uwo musare amaze kugira ubumenyi bwinshi ku byerekeye Bibiliya, yumvise adashobora gukomeza gukoresha imbunda zo kuri ubwo bwato. Abayobozi bamaze kumenya imyizerere y’uwo musare, babujije Paul gukomeza kumwigisha Bibiliya. Yarabyanze, maze bombi birukanwa muri ubwo bwato bugeze i Londres. Hashize ukwezi kumwe, ubwo bwato bwarashweho igisasu burarohama. Nyuma yaho, uwo musare yaje kuba umuvandimwe wabatijwe, naho Paul atumirirwa kwiga mu ishuri ry’abamisiyonari rya Gileyadi. Paul amaze guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu mwaka wa 1954, yoherejwe gukorera umurimo w’ubumisiyonari muri Filipine. Nyuma yaho yaje gusubira muri Noruveje aba umugenzuzi w’akarere afatanyije n’umugore we Grethe.

Mu mwaka wa 1948, Holger Abrahamsen yari ashinzwe gutwara abakozi bakoreshaga imashini nini yavanaga isayo mu cyambu cy’i Narvik. Holger yakundaga kuvuga ati “kubwiriza ni byo bitubeshaho. Tutabwirije twapfa.” Bityo Holger yakoreshaga uburyo bwose yabonaga akabwiriza abakozi yatwaraga. Umwe mu bo yabwirije ni Olvar Djupvik. Yarashimishijwe, hanyuma abwira umufiyanse we Anne Lise, ibyiringiro bya Paradizo. Bombi barabatijwe, hanyuma barera abahungu babo bane baba abagaragu ba Yehova. Umwe muri bo, ari we Hermann, yabaye umumisiyonari muri Boliviya ari kumwe n’umugore we Laila. Hermann na Laila basubiye muri Noruveje none ubu basura amatorero.

BITA KU NTAMA ZA YEHOVA

Mu myaka ya za 60 na 70, hahindutse byinshi mu mikorere y’ibiro by’ishami n’amatorero. Roar Hagen yasimbuye Marvin Anderson aba umugenzuzi w’ishami. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1969, Thor Samuelsen yabaye umugenzuzi w’ishami. Mu mwaka wa 1976, hashyizweho Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami, kandi Thor Samuelsen, Kåre Fjelltveit na Niels Petersen, ni bo ba mbere bari bagize Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami byo muri Noruveje.

Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1972, hashyizweho inteko z’abasaza kugira ngo babe abungeri bo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu matorero. Abagabo bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka mu matorero bafashijwe kuzuza ibisabwa, kugira ngo bashobore kuragira abantu bashya bemeraga ukuri kwa Bibiliya. Kuva icyo gihe, Yehova yakomeje guhundagaza umugisha ku bagize ubwoko bwe bamukoreraga mu budahemuka bakurikije ubuyobozi bwe bwuje urukundo.

ABASAMI BAKIRIYE NEZA UBUTUMWA BWIZA

Mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abapayiniya benshi hamwe n’abandi babwiriza bagiye bageza ubutumwa bwiza ku bantu bo mu bwoko bw’Abasami, hakubiyemo n’aborozi b’inyamaswa zifite amahembe ameze nk’amashami bo mu bitwa by’imisozi ya Finnmarksvidda. Nubwo Abasami hafi ya bose bavugaga ikinyanoruveje, hari igihe byabaga ngombwa ko ababwiriza bajyana n’umuntu ubasemurira. Umwe mu Bahamya ba mbere babwirije cyane mu rurimi rw’igisami ni Aksel Falsnes, wari ufite inkomoko mu Basami kandi akaba yaravugaga igisami, ikinyanoruveje n’igifinwa. Mushiki we wabaga mu majyepfo ya Noruveje yari yaramenye ukuri kandi yari yaramwoherereje kimwe mu bitabo byacu, agisoma ashishikaye cyane. Mu mudugudu wa Troms Aksel yabagamo nta Bahamya bahabaga, ariko hari abapayiniya n’umugenzuzi w’akarere basuye Aksel mu mwaka wa 1968 bamufasha kugira amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Aksel yari umubwiriza warangwaga n’ishyaka. Incuro nyinshi yarazindukaga agashyira igare rye mu bwato, akambuka inyanja yinjira hagati y’imisozi, hanyuma agakoresha igare ava mu mudugudu umwe ajya mu wundi. Kubera ko Aksel yari azi igisami, yashoboraga kubwiriza neza Abasami bo mu turere twitaruye twa Finnmark.

Aksel yari umusore w’ibigango kandi yari afite ibintu yambaraga mu birenge agakora ingendo ndende aserereka ku rubura agiye gusura ingo zitaruye. Urugero, igihe kimwe ari mu mezi y’imbeho yaserebetse ku rubura ava mu mudugudu wa Karasjok yambukiranya igitwa agera mu mudugudu wa Kautokeino, arakomeza, nyuma y’ibyumweru bike agera mu mugi wa Alta mu rugo rw’incuti ze akoze urugendo rw’ibirometero 400! Nta kindi yitwazaga, uretse agakapu ko mu mugongo karimo utuntu duke yakeneraga, n’ibitabo.

Mu ntangiriro ya za 70, Abasami benshi bari baramenye ukuri. Mu mugi wa Hammerfest, umugore w’Umusami n’umugabo we batangiye kwigana Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Bidatinze, bamwe muri bene wabo batuye mu mugi wa Alta bashimishijwe n’ukuri. Arne na Marie Ann Milde, bakaba bari abapayiniya ba bwite muri Alta, batangiye kwigisha Bibiliya abantu bari bafite umutima utaryarya, kandi iyo babaga bagiye kwiga akenshi habaga hari abantu 10 cyangwa 12. Amaherezo, abagera hafi kuri kimwe cya kabiri cyabo babaye Abahamya.

Hartvig Mienna, akaba ari umupayiniya w’Umusami ubwiriza mu mugi wa Alta akoresheje akamodoka gaserereka ku rubura kugira ngo agere ku bantu bo mu karere kitaruye, agira ati “kubwiriza mu ifasi y’Abasami ni ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi. Abantu batuye batatanye cyane kandi benshi barakiziritse ku migenzo yabo. Ariko twatangiye kwigana Bibiliya na benshi muri bo kubera ko bakunda kwakira abashyitsi cyane.”

IMYAKA BARI BITEZEMO BYINSHI

Kuva mu myaka ya za 60 rwagati kugeza muri za 70 rwagati, umubare w’ababwiriza wakomezaga kwiyongera. Ariko ibyo bari biteze mu mwaka wa 1975 byagerageje ukwizera kw’abavandimwe bamwe na bamwe. Hari bamwe babonye umubabaro ukomeye udatangiye mu mwaka wa 1975 bava mu muteguro, kandi hagati y’umwaka wa 1976 na 1980, umubare w’ababwiriza wagabanutseho gato. Hari n’abandi bamanjiriwe bamara igihe runaka baradohotse mu murimo wa gikristo. Ariko se abenshi babonaga bate ibyo gukomeza gukorera Yehova?

Hans Jakob Lilletvedt yaravuze ati “hari ibintu byinshi twari twiteze ku birebana n’umwaka wa 1975 kandi twari tuwutegerezanyije amatsiko, ariko si byo ukwizera kwanjye kwari gushingiyeho.”

John na Edith Johansen, Abahamya bamaze igihe kirekire ari abizerwa, bagize bati “ntitwiyeguriye Yehova dutekereza itariki runaka, bityo twakomeje ibyo twakoraga nta cyo duhinduye.”

Lea Sørensen yagize ati “nzakorera Yehova iteka ryose. Imperuka yaza mu mwaka wa 1975 cyangwa ikaza nyuma yaho, icyo si cyo cy’ingenzi.”

IBIRO BY’ISHAMI BISHYA

Uko akazi ko kuri Beteli kagendaga kiyongera ahagana mu mpera y’imyaka ya za 70, ni na ko hakenerwaga abakozi ba Beteli benshi kurushaho, kandi hari hakenewe andi macumbi n’ibiro. Ni yo mpamvu mu mwaka wa 1979 Inteko Nyobozi yemeye umushinga wo kubaka ibiro by’ishami bishya hafi y’umugi wa Oslo. Ahagana mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1980, abavandimwe babonye ikibanza cyiza mu mudugudu wa Ytre Enebakk uri ku birometero 30 uvuye mu mugi wa Oslo.

Kugira ngo ubwubatsi budatwara amafaranga menshi, hatumijwe abakozi babyitangiye kugira ngo baze kubaka ayo mazu. Kubona ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, kugaburira abantu bagera hafi mu 100, kubabonera amacumbi no gutegura gahunda yose y’umushinga w’ubwubatsi, byari ikibazo kitoroshye.

Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu basaga 2.000 bo muri icyo gihugu n’abaturutse mu mahanga ‘bitanze babikunze’ (Zab 110:3). Hari benshi batanze impano z’ibirayi, imboga, imbuto, imigati, amagi, amafi, imyambaro n’ibikoresho. Bamwe bajyaga gutema ibiti mu ishyamba, abandi bakabisaturamo imbaho ku ibarizo rito ryari aho bubakaga. Abandi benshi batanze inguzanyo, abandi batanga impano z’amafaranga.

Bamwe mu bakozi b’inzobere bashoboraga gufasha mu gihe gito gusa, bigatuma akazi hafi ya kose gakorwa n’abantu batamenyereye bitangiye gukora umurimo. John Johnson wari ushinzwe gushyira amashanyarazi mu mazu yose, yasobanuye ukuntu we n’abandi bagenzuzi b’imirimo bumvaga ko batari gushobora ako kazi. John yagize ati “abitangiye gukora imirimo bigiye akazi aho imirimo y’ubwubatsi yakorerwaga kandi bagakoze neza cyane. Biratangaje kubona ukuntu ibibazo byakemurwaga kandi ibintu byose bikagenda neza. Byarigaragazaga ko Yehova Imana ari we wayoboraga iyo mirimo y’ubwubatsi.”

Umurimo wakomeje kugenda neza, kubera ko abitangiye imirimo bakoranaga umwete, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu na bo bagatanga batitangiriye itama, kandi Yehova agatanga imigisha. Imirimo y’ubwubatsi yatangiye mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1981, maze ku itariki ya 19 Gicurasi 1984, ibiro by’ishami bishya byegurirwa Yehova, igihe Milton Henschel wo mu Nteko Nyobozi yari yabasuye. Uwo mushinga w’ubwubatsi wabaye isoko y’ibyishimo byinshi kandi utuma abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje barushaho kunga ubumwe. Mu myaka yakurikiye uwo mushinga w’ubwubatsi, abenshi mu bari bitangiye gukora imirimo y’ubwubatsi bakoze umurimo w’ubupayiniya bw’ubufasha cyangwa ubw’igihe cyose.

BIHUTISHA IMIRIMO YO KUBAKA AMAZU Y’UBWAMI

Mu mwaka wa 1928 ni bwo bane mu bavandimwe bo kwa Fjelltvedt bubatse inzu abagaragu ba Yehova bari kujya bamusengeramo mu nkengero z’umugi wa Bergen. Mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 80, amatorero amwe yari yaraguze amazu ayahinduramo Amazu y’Ubwami cyangwa arayiyubakira. Ariko amatorero menshi yari agiteranira mu mazu adakwiriye yakodeshaga. Mu gihe ibiro by’ishami byubakwaga, hari abavandimwe baganiriye ku cyakorwa kugira ngo hihutishwe imirimo yo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami. Bari bazi ko amakipi y’abubatsi yo muri Amerika no muri Kanada bubakaga Amazu y’Ubwami mu buryo bwihuse, maze baribaza bati ‘niba abavandimwe baho bashobora kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami mu gihe gito babifashijwemo na Yehova, kuki twe tutabikora?’

Abavandimwe bakoze ibishushanyo mbonera bigaragaza utuntu twose tugomba gukorwa, maze mu mwaka wa 1983 bubaka inzu y’icyitegererezo mu mugi wa Askim, hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1984 bubaka Amazu y’Ubwami mu buryo bwihuse mu migi ya Rørvik, Steinkjer na Alta. Babikoze bate? Barabanzaga bakubaka fondasiyo, hanyuma bagashyira kuri gahunda abitangiye gukora imirimo, baba abafite ubuhanga cyangwa abatabufite, ku buryo ibyiciro binyuranye by’ubwubatsi byarangiraga mu minsi mike.

Mu myaka icumi yakurikiyeho, muri Noruveje hubatswe Amazu y’Ubwami agera kuri 80 mu buryo bwihuse. Nyuma yaho abavandimwe bo muri Noruveje bagiye muri Isilande, bafasha abavandimwe baho kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami atatu. Nubwo amatorero hafi ya yose yo muri Noruveje yamaze kubona Amazu y’Ubwami, haracyari byinshi bigomba gukorwa. Amazu ashaje akeneye gusanwa, andi akeneye kwagurwa kandi haracyakenewe andi agomba kubakwa.

“UBUMWE BW’ABAVANDIMWE BWARAKOMEJWE”

Imirimo yo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami yatumye haboneka ahantu hakwiriye kandi heza ho gusengera Imana, kandi yatanze ubuhamya ku bantu bahatuye. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1987 abavandimwe batatu bahuye n’abayobozi b’umugi wa Fredrikstad kugira ngo baganire ku birebana no kubaka Inzu y’Ubwami. Igihe abavandimwe bababwiraga ko bari kuzuza inzu mu minsi itatu, abo bayobozi barabasetse. Ariko no ku munsi wa mbere, ni ukuvuga kuwa gatanu, abo bayobozi biboneye ko Abahamya bari kurangiza iyo nzu nk’uko bari babiteganyije. Kuwa gatandatu, umwe muri abo bayobozi yazanye abacuranzi aho imirimo yakorerwaga, maze bacurangira abakozi akarumbeti mu rwego rwo kubiseguraho kubera ko mbere yaho yari yabasetse. Umugore umwe wabonye Inzu y’Ubwami yo mu mugi wa Arendal yubakwa mu mwaka wa 1990, yaravuze ati “biratangaje kubona ukuntu mwebwe Abahamya mwubaka vuba, ariko biranashishikaje kurushaho kubona ukuntu mwese muba mumwenyura kandi mwishimye.”

Ubu hari komite ebyiri z’akarere zishinzwe iby’ubwubatsi zigenzura ibyo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami muri Noruveje hose. Nanone hari abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bitanze baraboneka mu gihe cy’imishinga y’ubwubatsi minini kandi ikomeye. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1991 n’uwa 1992, abavandimwe baguye ibiro by’ishami. Mu mwaka wa 1994, bubatse Inzu y’Amakoraniro nziza mu mugi wa Oslo. Mu mwaka wa 2003, ikipe y’ubwubatsi yazamuye Inzu y’Ubwami nini i Bergen, ishobora kuberamo amateraniro n’amakoraniro.

Iyo mishinga yatumye habaho umwuka w’ubufatanye n’ubumwe, kandi ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza ku bagaragu ba Yehova. Umuvandimwe wagize uruhare mu kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami kuva mu mwaka wa 1983 yagize ati “ibyo byatumye amatorero arushaho kunga ubumwe. Ubumwe bw’abavandimwe bwarakomejwe kandi twagiranye ubucuti bukomeye, n’ubushobozi bwacu bwo gukorera hamwe buriyongera.”

IMIRIMO YIYONGERA KURI BETELI

Ibiro bishya by’ishami bimaze kuzura, bashoboye kongera umubare w’abakozi kandi bakora imirimo myinshi yagize uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza muri Noruveje. Urugero, hari ibitabo byinshi byahinduwe mu kinyanoruveje. Ikintu kitazibagirana mu mateka, ni igihe Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yasohokaga mu kinyanoruveje mu mwaka wa 1996. (Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya bw’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo bwari bwarasohotse mu mwaka wa 1991.) Muri iki gihe ibitabo hafi ya byose byandikwa n’Abahamya ba Yehova biboneka mu kinyanoruveje, hakubiyemo n’igitabo gikorerwamo ubushakashatsi (Étude perspicace des Écritures).

Nanone amazu mashya y’ishami yarimo stidiyo yari ikenewe cyane. Mu ntangiriro y’imyaka ya za 60, darame zakoreshwaga mu makoraniro zafatirwaga mu Mazu y’Ubwami no mu byumba byo mu idari n’ibyo munsi y’ubutaka mu mazu ishami ryahoze rikoreramo. Gufata amajwi byabaga bitoroshye, kandi akenshi byabaga ngombwa ko baba baretse gufata amajwi bitewe n’urusaku rw’imodoka. Ariko stidiyo yo mu mazu mashya yatumye gutegura darame, videwo n’indirimbo zacu z’Ubwami z’umuzika n’amajwi y’abaririmbyi birushaho koroha. Nanone ishami risohora amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi na Nimukanguke! yafashwe amajwi mu kinyanoruveje, kandi ryanasohoye Bibiliya yose hamwe n’ibindi bitabo byinshi biboneka kuri CD no ku rubuga rwa www.pr418.com.

BAKORERA AHO UBUFASHA BWARI BUKENEWE CYANE

Nubwo ababwiriza bo mu matorero babwiriza abaturanyi babo, hari ababwiriza benshi n’abapayiniya bagiye kubwiriza mu mafasi adafite itorero riyabwirizamo, bagera mu majyaruguru mu mudugudu wa Longyearbyen mu izinga ry’ibirwa rya Svalbard. Hari ababwiriza bimukiye mu turere twitaruye dutandukanye bajya kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, kandi aho bishoboka bakagira uruhare mu gushinga amatorero.

Igihe Finn yashyingiranwaga na Tordis Jenssen mu mwaka wa 1950, bari bazi ko hari hakenewe ababwiriza bo kujya kubwiriza mu mugi wa Hammerfest, ukaba ari umwe mu migi yo mu majyaruguru cyane kurusha indi ku isi. Finn na Tordis ntibari bafite amafaranga menshi, ariko bari bafite imbaraga kandi bazi kwiyemeza. Nanone bari bafite amagare. Bityo, bahagurutse i Bodø berekeza i Hammerfest ku magare yabo, urwo rukaba ari urugendo rw’ibirometero bigera kuri 900. Bamaze gukora icya kabiri cy’urwo rugendo, hari incuti zabafashije zibaha amafaranga, urugendo rusigaye barukora mu bwato. Finn na Tordis bageze mu mugi wa Hammerfest, babwirije bashyizeho umwete kandi bagatumira abantu ngo baze kumva disikuru z’abantu bose Finn yatangaga buri cyumweru. Yehova yabahaye imigisha ku bw’imihati bashyizeho, kandi bidatinze bashinze itorero rito.

Umwe mu batanze disikuru mu ikoraniro ry’intara ryabereye i Trondheim mu mwaka wa 1957, yateye ababwiriza inkunga yo kureba niba bashobora kwimukira aho ababwiriza bakenewe. Viggo na Karen Markussen babaga i Stavanger, bari bateze amatwi bitonze, maze Viggo ajomba Karen inkokora. Karen yahise amenya icyo umugabo we ashatse kumubwira. Yaratekereje ati ‘mu gihe gito tuzaba tuvuye i Stavanger.’ Ariko se abakobwa babo batatu, bose bakaba bari ababwiriza bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 11 na 14, bari kwakira bate icyo gitekerezo cyo kwimuka?

Igihe abagize umuryango wa Markussen baganiraga kuri iyo disikuru nyuma y’ikoraniro, bose bemeye ko bashoboraga kwitanga bakajya gukorera umurimo aho ubufasha bwari bukenewe kurusha ahandi. Bandikiye ibiro by’ishami, na byo bibasubiza bibabwira ko bajya mu mugi wa Brumunddal utarabagamo itorero. Bityo mu mwaka wa 1958, Viggo na Karen bagurishije inzu yabo nziza. Nanone Viggo yagurishije inzu ye yakoreragamo ibikoresho byo mu rugo, maze bimukira mu nzu yoroheje y’ibiti yari hafi y’i Brumunddal. Yehova yabahaye umugisha kubera ko bagaragaje umwuka wo kwigomwa, kandi mu myaka yakurikiyeho, benshi mu bo biganaga Bibiliya bamenye ukuri. Igihe Viggo na Karen bahabwaga inshingano yo gusura amatorero abakobwa babo bamaze kuva mu rugo, i Brumunddal hari itorero rirangwa n’ishyaka ryarimo ababwiriza bagera kuri 40.

Abavandimwe b’abaseribateri na bo bashoboye guteza imbere inyungu z’Ubwami bimukira mu turere tutabagamo amatorero. Mu mwaka wa 1992 itsinda ry’abavandimwe b’abapayiniya, abenshi muri bo bakaba bari mu kigero cy’imyaka 19, bimukiye i Måløy muri Nord Fjord kugira ngo bakomeze kwita ku bantu baho bari baragaragaje ko bashimishijwe. Babwirije bashyizeho umwete kandi bahita batangiza amateraniro mu nzu bakodeshaga. Hari umugore wari ushimishijwe biganaga Bibiliya wagaragarije abo bavandimwe bakiri bato umuco wo gucumbikira abashyitsi, kandi yababereye nka nyina. Nyuma yaho, hari umusaza w’itorero n’umugore we bimukiye i Måløy, maze hashingwa itorero. Abo bavandimwe bakiri bato bishimiye umurimo bakoreye muri iyo fasi, kandi biganye Bibiliya n’abantu benshi, basohoza inshingano zinyuranye mu itorero kandi batera inkunga iryo torero rishya ryari rifite imbaraga. Umwe muri abo bavandimwe yagize ati “twageze ku bintu byinshi byo mu buryo bw’umwuka, kandi twabonye uburyo bwo gukura mu buryo bw’umwuka.” Bitewe n’uwo murimo abo bavandimwe ndetse n’abandi bakoranye umwete, itorero rya Nord Fjord rifite ababwiriza bagera kuri 30, kandi bigisha Bibiliya abantu bari hagati ya 50 na 60.

BABWIRIZA MU ZINDI NDIMI

Mu myaka ishize igera kuri 20 cyangwa se irenga, umubare w’abimukira batuye muri Noruveje wakomeje kwiyongera. Ibyo byatumye amatorero ashyiraho imihati kugira ngo abwirize abo bimukira mu ndimi zabo kavukire cyangwa mu rurimi bashobora kumva. Itorero rya mbere rikoresha ururimi rw’amahanga muri Noruveje, ryashinzwe i Oslo mu mwaka wa 1986, rikaba ryari ririmo abantu bavuga icyesipanyoli n’igiporutugali, benshi muri bo bakaba barakomokaga muri Amerika y’Epfo. Nanone muri icyo gihe hari ababwiriza batangiye kubwiriza abantu bo mu karere ka Oslo bavugaga icyongereza. Ababwiriza babonye abantu benshi bashimishijwe, cyane cyane abaturutse muri Afurika no muri Aziya. Hari abo babonaga babwiriza mu muhanda, abandi bakabasanga mu bigo byakira impunzi. Nanone bakoreshaga neza ibitabo bibamo nomero za telefoni kugira ngo barebe abantu bafite amazina y’amahanga bashobora kuba baravugaga icyongereza. Batangiye kwigisha Bibiliya abantu benshi, maze mu mwaka wa 1990 i Oslo hashingwa itorero ry’icyongereza.

Kuva icyo gihe, ababwiriza benshi bo muri Noruveje bihatiye kwiga indimi z’amahanga. Bafatanyije n’ababwiriza b’abanyamahanga, bashinga amatsinda cyangwa amatorero y’abantu bavuga icyarabu, igishinwa, icyongereza, igiperesi, igipolonye, igipunjabi, ikirusiya, igiseribe cy’igikorowate, icyesipanyoli, igitagaloge, igitamili n’igitigirinya.

Ifasi y’ururimi rw’amarenga na yo yagize ukwiyongera gushimishije. Hari abatumva babarirwa mu bihumbi bike bakoresha ururimi rw’amarenga ry’urunyanoruveje, kandi umuteguro urimo urakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ubafashe. Mu myaka ya za 70, abavandimwe batangiye kujya basemura amateraniro amwe n’amwe n’amakoraniro mu rurimi rw’amarenga, kandi kuva icyo gihe hari abavandimwe benshi bize urwo rurimi. Mu matorero amwe n’amwe hashinzwe amatsinda akoresha ururimi rw’amarenga, kandi mu mwaka wa 2008 muri Oslo hashinzwe itorero rya mbere rikoresha ururimi rw’amarenga. Mu gihugu hose, hari ababwiriza batumva bagera kuri 25, bakoresha neza ibitabo byahinduwe mu rurimi rw’amarenga rw’urunyanoruveje biboneka kuri DVD.

KOMITE ZISHINZWE GUHUZA ABARWAYI N’ABAGANGA

Kubera ko Abahamya ba Yehova batemera guterwa amaraso, rimwe na rimwe byagiye bigorana kugira ngo abarwayi b’Abahamya ba Yehova bavurwe hakoreshejwe uburyo bashobora kwemera. Mu mwaka wa 1990, umuteguro washyizeho Komite Zishinzwe Guhuza Abarwayi n’Abaganga muri Noruveje, kugira ngo ufashe Abahamya bafite ibyo bibazo kandi ubagezeho amakuru arebana n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvura hadakoreshejwe amaraso. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1990 kugeza mu wa 2010, abavandimwe b’i Oslo bari muri Komite Zishinzwe Guhuza Abarwayi n’Abaganga bakoranye inama zigera kuri 70 n’abakozi b’ibitaro byaho kandi bafasha abantu barenga 500. Imihati bashyizeho yatumye bashobora kubonana n’abaganga benshi bemera kuvura badakoresheje amaraso, kandi amakuru izo Komite zatanze yatumye abaganga benshi kurushaho biyemeza gukoresha uburyo bwo kuvura hadakoreshejwe amaraso. Abarwayi ndetse n’imiryango yabo, bishimiye cyane ubufasha bahawe n’Amatsinda Asura Abarwayi kwa Muganga.

Ibyabaye kuri mushiki wacu w’umupayiniya ukiri muto witwa Helen, bigaragaza akamaro k’izo Komite. Mu mwaka wa 2007 yararwaye araremba ajyanwa mu bitaro by’iwabo. Yakomezaga kugenda agira amaraso make, kandi abaganga bamuhatiraga guterwa amaraso, bavuga ko ari bwo buryo bwonyine bwashoboraga gukiza ubuzima bwe. Umwe mu bagize izo Komite yaramufashije, yimurirwa mu bindi bitaro binini kandi bifite ibikoresho bihagije. Helen na nyina bahageze, basanze umuvandimwe wo muri Komite Ihuza Abarwayi n’Abaganga yaje kubasanganira, arabahumuriza kandi abafasha kubona abaganga bari bakeneye. Ibitaro byemeye guha Helen imiti ifasha umubiri gukora insoro zitukura. Mu minsi mike gusa, umubare w’insoro zitukura wari wiyongereye, kandi ntiyari acyugarijwe n’akaga. Ubu Helen afite amagara mazima kandi ashimira cyane ukuntu ibitaro byubashye imyizerere ye akomeyeho. Helen na nyina bagize bati “tuzahora dushimira kubera ko twiboneye ukuntu umuteguro wa Yehova ukora, n’ukuntu abavandimwe na bashiki bacu badufashije bakanasenga badusabira, kandi ntituzabyibagirwa.”

BAHANGANA N’ITANGAZAMAKURU RYABAHARABIKAGA

Hagati y’umwaka wa 1989 n’uwa 1992 cyane cyane, Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Noruveje bibasiwe na poropagande yari igamije kubaharabika no kubavuga nabi mu binyamakuru, kuri radiyo no kuri Televiziyo. Imwe mu mpamvu z’ingenzi zatumye barwanywa ni uko bakurikiza icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku birebana n’uko bagomba gufata abaciwe (1 Kor 5:9-13; 2 Yoh 10). Kubera ko Abahamya bavugwaga nabi, bahanganye n’ikibazo cy’abantu batabishimiraga, baba bene wabo, abo bahuraga na bo mu murimo wo kubwiriza, ku kazi no ku ishuri. Nubwo abigishwa ba Yesu badatangazwa n’uko abantu babatuka, kubyihanganira ntibyari byoroshye.—Mat 5:11, 12.

Hari umuvandimwe wagize ati “icyo cyari igihe kigoye, ariko nanone cyatugiriye akamaro. Byatumye nongera gusuzuma imyizerere yanjye kugira ngo ndebe ko ishingiye ku Byanditswe. Gutekereza ku ifunguro ryiza ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka duhabwa n’umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge byakomeje ukwizera kwanjye. Ntekereza ko ibyo ari byo byadukomeje, tugashobora guhangana n’ibyageragezaga ukwizera kwacu.”

Umugenzuzi w’akarere yagize ati “byari bishishikaje kubona ukuntu abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakomeje kugira ubutwari muri icyo gihe. Twabonye ko uburyo bwiza bwo guhangana n’icyo kibazo ari ukumara igihe kinini mu murimo wo kubwiriza, hakubiyemo no kubwiriza mu muhanda. Igishimishije ni uko Abahamya benshi babyitwayemo neza.”

Mu buryo bunyuranye n’imitekerereze idahuje n’Ibyanditswe yavugwaga mu itangazamakuru, zirikana ukuntu umuntu wigeze gucibwa abona ubuyobozi Bibiliya itanga ku birebana no guca abanyabyaha. Fred yagize ati “igihe nacibwaga mfite imyaka 20, natangiye gutekereza mu buryo bwimbitse ku buzima bwanjye. Imimerere nari ndimo ntiyari ishimishije, ariko kuba naraciwe byangiriye akamaro cyane. Mbese ni nk’aho Yehova yambwiraga ati ‘mwana wanjye, tuza! Nutisubiraho ngo ureke inzira zawe mbi uzahura n’akaga.’ Iryo ni isomo nari nkeneye ryatumye ndeka kugendera mu byaha. Aho guhora mu birangaza no kwinezeza, natangiye gufatana ukuri uburemere. Byongeye kandi, bamwe mu ncuti zanjye batangiye kugira imyifatire myiza.” Igishimishije ni uko Fred yihannye, agahindura inzira ze maze akagarurwa mu itorero. Ubu ni umusaza.

‘BITEGUYE UMUNSI WA YEHOVA’

Nubwo mu ifasi higanje umwuka wo gukunda ubutunzi no kutitabira ubutumwa bwiza, abagaragu ba Yehova bakomeza gushyira mu mwanya wa mbere ibikorwa byo mu buryo bw’umwuka byubaka ukwizera, nko gusoma Bibiliya buri munsi no kujya mu materaniro y’itorero. Ababwiriza benshi baguye umurimo wabo baba abapayiniya b’igihe cyose. Hari umuvandimwe wagaragaje ibyiyumvo ahuriyeho n’abandi benshi, agira ati “niba umunsi wa Yehova uramutse uje ejo wasanga ntiteguye, n’igihe wazazira wazasanga ntiteguye. Tugomba gukomeza kujya mbere. Amaherezo uzaza.” Nta gushidikanya ko iyo mitekerereze ari yo yatumye habaho ukwiyongera kwakomeje kugaragara kuva mu mwaka wa 2001.

Gahunda yo mu buryo bw’umwuka yateye amatorero inkunga kandi igaha abavandimwe benshi imyitozo ya gitewokarasi bakeneye, ni Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo (ubu ryitwa Ishuri rya Bibiliya ry’Abavandimwe b’Abaseribateri). Umwe mu bize iryo shuri yagize ati “kwiga Bibiliya mu buryo bwimbitse mu gihe cy’ibyumweru umunani, byatumye ndushaho gusobanukirwa ukuri mu buryo ntari narigeze ngusobanukirwamo mbere hose. Narushijeho gusobanukirwa ibintu byose byo muri Bibiliya kandi ndushaho kubona ko ari ukuri!” Mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, abanyeshuri barenga 60 bize muri iryo shuri, bagize uruhare mu gukomeza amatorero kandi bayafasha kwagura ibikorwa byayo.

BAREREWE MU BAHAMYA BA YEHOVA

Abantu benshi bagiye babatizwa bakaba Abahamya ba Yehova uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, bigishijwe ukuri kwa Bibiliya n’ababyeyi babo. Bamwe mu babwiriza bo muri Noruveje usanga ari abuzukuruza, ubuvivi cyangwa ubuvivure bw’Abahamya. Ivan Gåsodden, akaba ari umwuzukuruza wa Ingebret Andersen wabaye Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya wa mbere i Skien, agira ati “incuro nyinshi natekerezaga ukuntu nagize umugisha wo kuvukira mu muryango washyiraga umurimo wa Yehova mu mwanya wa mbere. Icyigisho cya bwite, gusoma Bibiliya buri gihe n’incuti nziza duhuje intego, ni byo byamfashije gushikama mu kuri.” Abana ba Ivan, ari bo André na Richard, na bo bafatana uburemere umurage wabo wo mu buryo bw’umwuka, bakabona ko ari kimwe mu bintu by’agaciro kenshi batunze.

Umupayiniya witwa Bente Bu, akaba ari umwuzukuruza wa Magnus Randal wakoreye umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu bwato bwitwaga Rusi, yagize ati “nishimira cyane ukuntu ubuzima bwanjye bwatangiye. Kugira intangiriro y’ubuzima nk’iyo, byamfashije kwirinda ibibazo byinshi, kandi nifuza gukoresha ubuzima bwanjye ku bw’inyungu z’abandi.”

Hari abigeze gucika intege mu buryo bw’umwuka igihe bari bakiri bato, ariko bamaze gukura baba Abahamya ba Yehova barangwa n’ishyaka. Urugero, Thomas na Serine Fauskanger b’i Bergen, bombi barezwe n’ababyeyi b’Abakristo, ariko batinze kugira amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ni iki cyabafashije guhindura uko babonaga gahunda yo gusenga Yehova?

Thomas yagize ati “mu mwaka wa 2002 umuvandimwe wari ukiri muto wari warize Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo yaje mu itorero ryacu. Yamfashije kwifatanya mu murimo no gukurikirana intego zo mu buryo bw’umwuka.”

Igihe Thomas yari afite imyaka 25, yashakanye na Serine, maze mu mwaka wa 2007 bimukira i Finnmark mu mudugudu wa Båtsfjord, bajya gufasha umugabo n’umugore b’abapayiniya bahabaga kwita ku bari bashimishijwe. Bidatinze Thomas na Serine na bo babaye abapayiniya. Mu mwaka wa 2009, bamaze amezi atatu mu ifasi itari ifite itorero riyibwirizamo mu mudugudu w’abarobyi wa Kjøllefjord, maze bo n’abandi babwiriza bari barajyanye na bo batangira kwigana Bibiliya n’abantu barenga 30. Hanyuma Thomas na Serine bimukiye hafi ya Kjøllefjord kugira ngo bajye gufasha abantu bashimishijwe. Buri gihe bakora urugendo rw’amasaha agera kuri atatu n’igice mu modoka bagiye gufasha abantu bashimishijwe. Bahora bafite akazi kenshi, ariko Serine agira ati “ubu mfite ubuzima bworoheje kandi ndishimye. Dufite ibintu bike ariko nanone dufite ibibazo bike.”

BATEGEREJE IGIHE KIRI IMBERE BIRINGIYE YEHOVA

Uhereye igihe Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya witwaga Knud P. Hammer n’abandi batangiriye kubwiriza incuti na bene wabo, ubuzima bwarahindutse cyane muri Noruveje. Mu mizo ya mbere, abagaragu ba Yehova bagaragaje ko batandukanye n’abandi kubera ko bigishaga ukuri kwa Bibiliya abantu bari mu madini yari afite ububasha bwinshi kandi yigishaga inyigisho z’ibinyoma. Mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, abantu batabarika b’imitima itaryarya bishimiraga kwiga Bibiliya kandi bagashyigikira ugusenga k’ukuri batazuyaje.

Icyakora muri iki gihe, imimerere y’iby’idini muri Noruveje yarahindutse. Abantu bake cyane ni bo bemera Imana, kandi abantu benshi batekereza ko kwemeza ko hariho idini rimwe gusa ry’ukuri byaba ari ukwiyemera. Kugira ngo abantu bashimishijwe bagire ubumenyi kuri Bibiliya kandi bizere Imana na Bibiliya bisaba igihe n’imihati. Akenshi bisaba igihe kirekire kugira ngo umuntu yitoze kubaho ahuje n’amahame ya Bibiliya. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, Yehova akomeje kwireherezaho abantu bafite imitima itaryarya, baba baba mu midugudu y’abarobyi yitaruye cyangwa mu mazu agezweho y’amagorofa yo mu migi ituwe cyane.—Yoh 6:44.

Nk’uko bimeze hirya no hino ku isi, Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Noruveje bishimira cyane ko Umwami w’Ikirenga Yehova ‘yabatonesheje akabaha kumukorera umurimo wera badatinya’ (Luka 1:74). Mu gihe bakorana umwete bashakisha muri iyo fasi yagutse abantu biteguye kwemera ukuri, babona ukuntu paradizo Umuremyi ateganya kuzana ku isi yose izaba ishishikaje cyane, ari nziza, kandi irimo umutekano. Abasenga Yehova bo muri Noruveje bafatanyije n’abavandimwe na bashiki babo b’indahemuka bo ku isi hose, bategerezanyije amatsiko umunsi Ubwami bw’Imana buzasohoza ibyo Imana ishaka mu duce twose tw’uyu mubumbe wacu mwiza cyane.—Dan 2:44; Mat 6:10.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 106]

Ibyo ntibyamubujije kujyayo, yagiyeyo atambaye inkweto!

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 111]

“Nagiye kuryama ndi Umupentekote, mbyuka nabaye Umuhamya wa Yehova”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 122]

“Yewe, turabona tudashobora kubambura ukwizera kwanyu”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 157]

‘Mwana wanjye, tuza! Nutisubiraho ngo ureke inzira zawe mbi uzahura n’akaga’

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 90]

Icyo twavuga kuri Noruveje

Igihugu:

Noruveje izwiho kuba ari igihugu gifite inyanja yinjira mu mibande myiza n’imisozi nyaburanga, kikagira n’ibirwa bibarirwa mu bihumbi. Igihugu cya Noruveje gifite ubuso burutaho gato ubw’u Butaliyani hatabariwemo izinga ry’ibirwa bya Svalbard riri hagati ya Noruveje n’Impera y’Isi ya ruguru. Nubwo Noruveje ishobora kugira ubukonje bwinshi, cyane cyane mu majyaruguru ya Arigitika, imivumba n’imiyaga bishyushye byo mu nyanja ya Atalantika bituma igice kinini cy’igihugu kigira ubushyuhe buringaniye kurusha ibindi bihugu biri mu karere kamwe.

Abaturage:

Abenshi mu baturage bagera kuri miriyoni eshanu batuye muri icyo gihugu ni abo mu bwoko bw’Abanyanoruveje, naho abagera ku 10 ku ijana ni abimukira. Abenshi bo mu bwoko bw’Abasami, (bahoze bitwa Lapps), baracyatunzwe n’uburobyi, guhiga, gutega no korora inyamaswa zifite amahembe ameze nk’amashami.

Ururimi:

Ururimi rukoreshwa ni ikinyanoruveje, rukaba rugizwe n’ibice bibiri byandikwa: hari ururimi rwo mu bitabo (Bokmål) rufitanye isano n’ikidanwa, rukaba ari na rwo rukoreshwa n’abantu benshi, hakaba n’ikinyanoruveje gishya (Nynorsk).

Imibereho:

Ubukungu bw’igihugu bushingiye kuri peteroli, gazi n’inganda. Amafi ni yo bakunze kohereza hanze. Ubutaka bungana na 3 ku ijana by’ubuso bwa Noruveje, ni bwo bwonyine buhingwa.

Ibyokurya:

Abanyanoruveje bakunda kurya amafi, inyama, ibirayi, umugati n’ibikomoka ku mata. Ibyokurya bitetswe mu buryo bwa gakondo bizwi cyane ni inyama z’intama zivanze n’amashu (Fårikål). Kubera ko abimukira biyongereye mu myaka ya vuba aha, basigaye bateka mu buryo mpuzamahanga.

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 95 n’iya 96]

Yakoreye Yehova atizigamye

THEODOR SIMONSEN

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1864

ABA UMWIGISHWA WA BIBILIYA KUVA MU WA 1905

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yahoze ari umubwiriza mu idini ry’Abaporotesitanti (Mission libre), nyuma aza kuba umugenzuzi usura amatorero.

◼ THEODOR amaze gusoma ibitabo byacu akamenya ko inyigisho y’umuriro w’iteka idahuje na Bibiliya, yatangiye kuvuguruza iyo nyigisho y’ikinyoma mu bibwiriza yatangaga mu idini yari arimo, kandi ibyo byashimishaga cyane benshi mu babaga bamuteze amatwi. Ariko umunsi umwe, amaze gutanga ikibwiriza, yahawe agapapuro kanditsweho ngo “icyo ni cyo kibwiriza cya nyuma uduhaye!”

Theodor yatanze icyo kibwiriza cya nyuma muri iryo dini mu mwaka wa 1905, kandi ahita aba Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya muri uwo mwaka. Nyuma yaho, yahaye Abigishwa ba Bibiliya babarirwa mu magana disikuru nyinshi kandi barazishimiraga. Theodor yasigaga amarangi kugira ngo abone igitunga umuryango we, hanyuma mu mpera z’icyumweru akajya kubwiriza no kwigisha abantu. Theodor yari azi kwigisha, kubera ko yari azi Bibiliya kandi akavuga atuje, akurikiranya neza ibitekerezo. Nanone yari azi kuririmba afite n’ijwi ryiza, kandi iyo yajyaga gutangira disikuru ye no kuyisoza yararirimbaga akanacuranga inanga ye.

Mu mwaka wa 1919, igihe imimerere yo mu muryango we yamwemereraga, yabaye umugenzuzi usura amatorero. Yakomeje gusura amatorero kugeza mu mwaka wa 1935, asura amatorero yo muri Noruveje, Danimarike no muri Suwede. Uwo wari umurimo uruhije, ukubiyemo gutera inkunga amatorero n’amatsinda yitaruye no gutanga disikuru mu migi itari irimo Abigishwa ba Bibiliya. Urugero, mu rugendo rumwe yari kumaramo amezi 12, yagombaga gusura ahantu 190 hagati ya Kristiansand mu majyepfo na Tromsø mu majyaruguru. Muri iyo minsi, abagenzuzi basura amatorero bamaraga ahantu umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri, bakajya ahandi bakoresheje uburyo bwose bwabonekaga bwo gutwara abantu.

Nubwo ahantu henshi yasuraga hatabaga Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, iyo yatangaga disikuru hazaga abantu benshi bashimishijwe. Urugero, igihe yajyaga i Bodø mu mwaka wa 1922, we n’undi mupayiniya witwaga Anna Andersen na we wari wasuye ako karere, barabwirije kandi batumira abantu kuri disikuru y’abantu bose. Johan na Olea Berntsen bari mu baje kumva iyo disikuru, kandi bagaragaje ko bashimishijwe mu buryo bwihariye. Disikuru irangiye batumiye Theodor na Anna ngo baze iwabo kugira ngo basubize ibibazo bari bafite kuri Bibiliya. Ibyo byatumye baba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ba mbere i Bodø.

Theodor ni we wakoreshejwe mu gufata amajwi amadisikuru hafi ya yose yo mu kinyanoruveje mu myaka ya za 30. Yakomeje gukora umurimo ari uwizerwa kugeza igihe yarangirije isiganwa rye ryo ku isi mu mwaka wa 1955.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 102]

‘Yagendanaga n’Imana’

ENOK ÖMAN

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1880

ABATIZWA MU WA 1911

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yabaye umugenzuzi w’ishami kuva mu mwaka wa 1921 kugeza mu wa 1945.

◼ IGIHE Enok yari akiri muto aba muri Suwede, yashishikajwe cyane n’inkuru yo muri Bibiliya ivuga ukuntu Henoki “yakomeje kugendana n’Imana y’ukuri” (Intang 5:22). Enok yashakaga gukora nk’ibyo bazina we uvugwa muri Bibiliya yakoze. Ariko igihe yari afite imyaka 31, ni bwo yasomye umubumbe wa mbere w’igitabo cyasesenguraga Ibyanditswe (Études des Écritures), amenya byinshi ku bihereranye no kugendana n’Imana. Yarabatijwe aba Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya maze atangira gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Nyuma yaho yaje gukora ku biro by’ishami byo muri Suwede.

Mu mwaka wa 1917, Enok yavuye muri Suwede yoherezwa gukora ku biro by’ishami byo muri Noruveje, maze kuva mu mwaka wa 1921 ahabwa inshingano yo kugenzura umurimo. Icyo gihe ibiro bya Watch Tower Society byakoreraga mu cyumba cy’inzu Mushiki wacu Maria Dreyer yari afitemo icumbi na salo itunganya inzara z’ibirenge. Enok amaze gushyingiranwa na Maria mu mwaka wa 1922, icumbi rya Maria ryose ryabaye ibiro by’ishami. Bombi bakoranye kuri Beteli kugeza igihe Maria yapfiriye mu mwaka wa 1944. Mu mwaka wa 1953, Enok yongeye gushaka kandi yongera kuba umupayiniya. Enok yakomeje kuzirikana guhamagarwa kwe ko mu ijuru, kandi “yakomeje kugendana n’Imana” mu budahemuka kugeza igihe yapfiriye mu mwaka wa 1975.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 110]

“Yagiraga ishyaka kandi agatera abandi inkunga”

WILHELM UHRE

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1901

ABATIZWA MU WA 1949

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yari umubwiriza wagiraga ishyaka nubwo yari arwaye indwara y’imitsi yari yaramumugaje.

◼ WILHELM yari arwaye indwara y’mitsi yari yaratumye amaguru ye agagara kandi ntavuge neza. Icyakora, akimara kumva ubutumwa bwiza mu myaka ya za 30 rwagati, yatangiye kubwira abandi ibyerekeye ukuri guhebuje yigaga. Yagendaga kuri moto y’amapine atatu agiye mu murimo wo kubwiriza, kandi buri gihe akajya ku cyambu cya Sortland cy’i Vesterålen kumvisha abantu disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zafashwe amajwi, agatanga n’ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Icyakora kubera ko Wilhelm yari yaramugaye kandi akaba yari atuye ahantu hitaruye, yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1949. Ariko kandi, yari umubwiriza urangwa n’ishyaka. Abantu benshi bakoreraga ingendo ku nkombe bamenye ukuri biturutse kuri we, kandi bamwe muri bo babaye Abahamya ba Yehova.

Wilhelm amaze gusaza, yagiye kuba mu kigo cyita ku bageze mu za bukuru i Tromsø. Abandi babwiriza baramufashije, akomeza kubwiriza akoresheje amabaruwa. Kubera ko yarangwaga n’ineza kandi agahora yishimye, yateraga abandi inkunga, hakubiyemo n’abakozi bo muri icyo kigo cyita ku bageze mu za bukuru. Igihe Wilhelm yapfaga, umuyobozi w’icyo kigo yaravuze ati “buri gihe kujya mu cyumba cye byaradushimishaga. Kubera ukwizera kwe, yagiraga ishyaka kandi agatera abandi inkunga.”

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 113]

Yakomeye ku isezerano rye

JOHANNES KÅRSTAD

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1903

ABATIZWA MU WA 1931

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yamaze imyaka umunani akorera ubupayiniya mu mato y’abapayiniya.

◼ MU MWAKA wa 1929, Johannes yari mu bitaro arwaye igituntu ariko agenda yoroherwa. Yatangiye gusoma Bibiliya kandi asezeranya Imana ko yari kuzayikorera amaze gukira neza.

Mbere gato y’uko Johannes asezererwa mu bitaro, yasomye bimwe mu bitabo by’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ashishikaye. Nyuma yaho, yabonye ibindi bitabo, buri gitabo akagisoma incuro nk’enye cyangwa eshanu, kandi yahise atangira kubwira abandi ukuri yari amaze kubona. Amaze gukira neza, yahise ajya i Bergen ajya kureba umuvandimwe Ringereide, maze Ringereide asaba Johannes gutangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Nubwo Johannes ari bwo yari agitangira kubwiriza, ntiyatindiganyije kuba umupayiniya.

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1931 kugeza mu wa 1938, yakoreye umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu bwato bwitwaga Esiteri, hanyuma amara umwaka akorera ubupayiniya mu bwato bwitwaga Rusi, abwiriza mu turere dukikije inkombe agera i Tromsø mu majyaruguru. Mu mwaka wa 1939, Johannes yabaye umugenzuzi usura amatorero mu burasirazuba bwa Noruveje, kandi yigeze no gukora kuri Beteli. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, yashakanye na Sigrid bakorana umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Mu mwaka wa 1995, Johannes yarangije isiganwa rye ku isi ari i Fredrikstad.

‘Mwana wanjye, tuza! Nutisubiraho ngo ureke inzira zawe mbi uzahura n’akaga’

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 132]

Abwiriza ahantu haringaniye

RANDI HUSBY

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1922

ABATIZWA MU WA 1946

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yakoze umurimo w’igihe cyose kuva mu mwaka wa 1946.

◼ ABABYEYI ba Randi babatijwe mu mwaka wa 1938 baba Abahamya ba Yehova. Nyuma yaho, Randi yafashe umwanzuro wo gukorera Yehova. Mu mwaka wa 1946, Randi yatumiriwe kujya gukora kuri Beteli, ahahurira n’umuvandimwe wari ukiri ingaragu witwaga Kjell Husby. Yarambagizanyije na Kjell, barashyingiranwa, maze bajya gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Bagize imibereho ikungahaye yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, bakorana mu bice bitandukanye by’umurimo w’igihe cyose kugeza igihe Kjell yapfiriye mu mwaka wa 2010.

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, Randi yarwaye amaguru, bituma adashobora kuzamuka ingazi cyangwa kugenda ahantu hacuramye. Ariko iyo agenda ahantu haringaniye nta kibazo agira, kandi incuro nyinshi umubona abwiriza mu mihanda no mu maduka y’i Trondheim. Kugira ngo Randi ashobore kubwiriza umuntu wese ahuye na we, yitwaza ibitabo biri mu ndimi zirenga umunani. Nanone incuti za Randi zo mu itorero zimutwara mu modoka, akajya gusura abantu batandukanye aha amagazeti buri gihe uko asohotse.

Randi ntagifite imbaraga zo gukora nk’ibyo yakoraga kera. Ariko akomeza kubonera ibyishimo no kunyurwa mu murimo akorana ubugingo bwe bwose, azirikana ko Yehova atazigera ‘yibagirwa imirimo ye n’urukundo yagaragaje ko akunze izina rye.’—Heb 6:10.

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 149 n’iya 150]

Yiboneye uko imbaraga z’Ijambo ry’Imana zihindura imibereho

VIKTOR UGLEBAKKEN

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1953

ABATIZWA MU WA 1981

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yahoze ari umugizi wa nabi, yigobotora ingoyi y’abadayimoni kandi areka gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge.

◼ VIKTOR yatangiye kunywa urumogi n’ibindi biyobyabwenge akiri muto, bimushora mu bugizi bwa nabi. Kuva kera yashishikazwaga na Bibiliya, kandi mu mwaka wa 1979, igihe yari arambiwe imibereho ye iteje akaga, yibajije niba Ijambo ry’Imana rishobora kumufasha. Icyakora, yagenzuye amadini atandukanye bituma arushaho kumanjirwa no kumva atanyuzwe.

Amaherezo, Viktor yumvise yihebye cyane atangira gutekereza kwiyahura. Hanyuma yabonye urwandiko yohererejwe na mushiki we wo kwa se wabo w’i Bergen, wari waratangiye kwigana Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Viktor yagiye i Bergen, atangira kwiga Bibiliya. Mu mizo ya mbere, yagerageje kugaragaza ko Abahamya babeshya. Ariko kubera ko kuva kera yahangayikishwaga n’ibidukikije, yashimishijwe no kumenya ko Imana ‘izarimbura abarimbura isi’ kandi igahindura umubumbe wacu paradizo.—Ibyah 11:18.

Viktor yahise atangira kujyana na mushiki we mu materaniro, maze ashimishwa n’umuco w’ubugwaneza no kwakira abashyitsi yabonye ku Nzu y’Ubwami no mu miryango y’Abahamya. Ibyo yumvise n’ibyo yabonye byamwemeje ko yagombaga guhindura imibereho ye, akareka ibiyobyabwenge. Kubera ko Viktor yakomeje kuvuga amasengesho menshi avuye ku mutima, yiboneye uko imbaraga z’Ijambo ry’Imana n’umwuka wera zihindura imibereho.—Luka 11:9, 13; Heb 4:12.

Kugira ngo Viktor atere intambwe zimugeza ku mubatizo ntibyamworoheye. Icyakora Yehova yaramufashije ashobora kwigobotora ingoyi y’abadayimoni kandi areka ibiyobyabwenge, nyuma yo gutsindwa incuro ebyiri. Icyakora yabonye ubufasha igihe umusaza yamubwiraga amagambo amugarurira icyizere, agira ati “nk’uko se w’abana abagirira imbabazi, ni ko Yehova yagiriye imbabazi abamutinya” (Zab 103:13). Viktor yakomeje kugira amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka maze abatizwa mu mwaka wa 1981. Icyakora yagombaga kubanza kurangiza igifungo yari yarakatiwe bitewe n’icyaha yari yarakoze mbere, ariko akimara gufungurwa yahise atangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Kuva icyo gihe, yiboneye ibyishimo yaheshejwe no kuba yarafashije abandi bagahinduka abagaragu ba Yehova. Yagiye agira ingaruka nziza cyane cyane igihe yabwirizaga muri za gereza, kandi babiri mu mfungwa biganye Bibiliya bemeye ukuri.

Viktor azwiho ko ari umutware w’umuryango n’umusaza wiringirwa. Na n’ubu aracyari umupayiniya, we n’umugore we Tone n’umuhungu wabo. Viktor agira ati “umurimo wo kubwiriza ni kimwe mu bintu byahinduye imibereho yanjye. Nshimira Yehova cyane ko nshobora guha abandi ubutunzi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka.”

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 152]

Yifuzaga gukora ikintu cyiza kurushaho

TOM FRISVOLD

YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1962

ABATIZWA MU WA 1983

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yari umukinnyi w’umupira w’amaguru wifuzaga gukorera Yehova.

◼ IGIHE Tom yari afite imyaka 20, yakinaga muri imwe mu makipe akomeye yo muri Noruveje, kandi yari afite uburyo bwo gutera imbere. Icyo gihe nyina wa Tom yari yarabaye Umuhamya wa Yehova. Umunsi umwe, umusore w’umupayiniya yaje gusura nyina wa Tom, asaba Tom ko bakwigana Bibiliya. Tom yarabyemeye, ariko amubwira ko atifuzaga kuba Umuhamya.

Tom yakozwe ku mutima n’ukuntu yakiranywe urugwiro ubwo yatangiraga kujya mu materaniro. Nanone yabonye ko mu materaniro buri wese yasomaga imirongo y’ibyanditswe muri Bibiliya ye. Tom yaribwiye ati “Bibiliya igomba kuba ari yo yatumye aba bantu baba abantu beza cyane.”

Amaherezo, Tom yaje kwemera adashidikanya ko yari yabonye ukuri kandi ko yifuzaga gukorera Yehova. Ariko se, yari gukora iki kugira ngo ikipe ye yemere kumurekura kandi yari umukinnyi watangaga icyizere? Igishimishije ni uko amaze gusobanurira umuyobozi w’ikipi ko yifuzaga gukoresha ubuzima bwe ikintu cyiza kuruta gukina umupira w’amaguru, bemeye gusesa amasezerano bari baragiranye.

Tom yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1983, maze mu mwaka wa 1985 atangira gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Mu mwaka wa 1987 we na Viktor Uglebakken bimukiye i Hammerfest bagiye gukorera umurimo aho ubufasha bwari bukenewe kurushaho. Nyuma yaho, Tom yabaye umugenzuzi w’akarere, none ubu akora kuri Beteli ari kumwe n’umugore we Kristina.

[Imbonerahamwe/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 162 n’iya 163]

AMATEKA YA Noruveje

1890

1892 Knud Pederson Hammer atangira kubwiriza muri Noruveje. ▸

1900

1900 Itorero rya mbere rishingwa.

1904 Hafungurwa ibiro i Kristiania (Oslo).

1905 Ikoraniro rya mbere ryabereye i Kristiania.

1909 and 1911 C. T. Russell ajya muri Noruveje.

1910

1914 Umugenzuzi w’akarere wa mbere ashyirwaho.

1914-1915 Filimi ivuga iby’irema yarebwe n’abantu benshi.

1920

1920-1925 Mu gihugu hose hatangwa disikuru ivuga ko abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batazigera bapfa.

1925 Nimukanguke! (L’Âge d’Or) isohoka mu kinyanoruveje.

1928-1940 Amato yakoreshwaga mu kubwiriza abantu baturiye inkombe.

1930

1940

1940-1945 Bakomeje kubwiriza mu ntambara nubwo barwanywaga.

1945 Umunara w’Umurinzi usohoka mu kinyanoruveje.

1948 Abamisiyonari ba mbere bize ishuri rya Gileyadi bahagera.

1950

1950 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rushyigikira uburenganzira bwo kubwiriza hifashishijwe ibitabo.

1960

1965 Ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Oslo.

1970

1980

1984 Ibiro by’ishami bishya byegurirwa Yehova.

1990

1990 Komite Zishinzwe Guhuza Abarwayi n’Abaganga zishyirwaho.

1994 Inzu y’Amakoraniro y’i Oslo yegurirwa Yehova.

1996 Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya isohoka mu kinyanoruveje.

2000

2010

2011 Ukwiyongera gushya k’umubare w’abapayiniya b’igihe cyose n’ab’abafasha, ababwiriza n’abateranye Urwibutso.

[Imbonerahamwe/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 159]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Ababwiriza bose

Abapayiniya bose

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

1920 1935 1950 1965 1980 1995 2010

[Amakarita yo ku ipaji ya 91]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

SUWEDE

STOCKHOLM

Örebro

Ikigobe cya Bosiniya

FINILANDE

HELSINKI

Ikigobe cya Finilande

INYANJA YA BALTIQUE

DANIMARIKE

COPENHAGEN

NORUVEJE

OSLO

Kjøllefjord

Båtsfjord

Vardø

Karasjok

Kirkenes

Hammerfest

Alta

Finnmarksvidda

Kautokeino

Tromsø

Harstad

Narvik

Sortland

Hennes

Svolvær

Bodø

Rørvik

Namsos

Steinkjer

Trondheim

Kristiansand

Måløy

Florø

Bergen

Haugesund

Stavanger

Egersund

Kristiansund

Arendal

Skien

Kongsberg

Drammen

Hønefoss

Gjøvik

Lillehammer

Brumunddal

Hamar

Kongsvinger

Ski

Askim

Moss

Halden

Fredrikstad

Oslo Fjord

INYANJA Y’AMAJYARUGURU

INYANYA YA NORUVEJE

Ikirwa cya Andøya

Bleik

Izinga ry’ibirwa bya Svalbard

Longyearbyen

UTURERE

Finnmark

Troms

Telemark

Vestfold

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 88]

Knud Pederson Hammer

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 88 n’iya 89]

Reine, mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 92]

Ingebret na Berthe Andersen mu itorero ry’i Skien mu mwaka wa 1911

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 93]

Viktor Feldt

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 94]

Hallgerd Holm (1), Theodor Simonsen (2) na Lotte Holm (3)

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 98]

Abapayiniya ba mbere: (1) Helga Hess, (2) Andreas Øiseth, (3) Karl Gunberg, (4) Hulda Andersen na (5) Anna Andersen

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 100]

Inkuru y’Ubwami (“La tribune du peuple”)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 104]

“L’Âge d’Or” mu kinyanoruveje

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 106]

Even Gundersrud

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 107]

Abagize itorero ry’i Skien bagendaga mu ikamyo bagiye kubwiriza

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 108]

Torkel Ringereide

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 109]

Olaf Skau

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 114]

Karl Gunberg yari kapiteni w’ubwato bwitwaga “Elihu”

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 115]

Johannes Kårstad yari kapiteni w’ubwato bwitwaga “Esiteri”

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 116]

Andreas Hope na Magnus Randal bakoreye umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu bwato bwitwaga “Rusi”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 117]

Urumuri rw’amabara meza rugaragara mu majyaruguru ya Noruveje

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 118]

Solveig Løvås

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 119]

Andreas na Sigrid Kvinge

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 124]

Ikoraniro ryabaye mu bwihisho mu ishyamba hafi y’i Ski

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 127]

Marvin Anderson n’umugore we Karen

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 128]

Imashini banyonga icapa ibitabo

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 129]

Ikoraniro ryabereye i Bergen mu mwaka wa 1946

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 130]

Svanhild Neraal, mu mwaka wa 1961

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 133]

Ubwato bwa Arnulf bwakoreshwaga kenshi mu murimo wo kubwiriza

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 135]

Gunnar Marcussen (1) na Hans Peter Hemstad (2) ni bo banyeshuri ba mbere bo muri Noruveje bize ishuri rya Bibiliya rya Gileyadi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 138]

Abaje mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ijambo ry’ukuri” bacumbitse muri aya mahema

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 139]

Paul Bruun

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 142]

Hartvig Mienna n’abandi babwiriza babwirizaga Abasami bakoresheje utumodoka duserereka ku rubura

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 144]

Ibiro by’ishami bitangira kubakwa mu mwaka wa 1981

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 145]

Ibiro by’ishami muri iki gihe

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 147]

Inzu y’Amakoraniro y’i Oslo

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 160]

Kwigira Bibiliya mu muryango byatumye abawukomotsemo baba abagaragu ba Yehova bizerwa