U Rwanda
U RWANDA ni kimwe mu bihugu bito cyane byo muri Afurika. Ariko nanone ni kimwe mu bihugu byiza cyane kurusha ibindi. Icyo gihugu bamwe bakunze kwita Igihugu cy’Imisozi Igihumbi, gifite imisozi, amashyamba, ibiyaga n’imigezi, kikagira n’amoko menshi atandukanye y’ibimera n’inyamaswa. Mu karere k’imisozi miremire ko mu burengerazuba, ku mupaka wa Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongoa no ku mupaka wa Uganda mu majyaruguru, hari ibirunga. Karisimbi ni ikirunga cyazimye, kikaba ari cyo kirekire kurusha ibindi. Ifite uburebure bwa metero 4.480, kandi impinga yayo ikunze kuba ari umweru bitewe n’amasimbi n’urubura. Ahagana hepfo ku mabanga y’ibyo birunga hari ishyamba ry’inzitane ry’imigano n’ishyamba rya kimeza, aho usanga inkima zenda gucika ku isi, ziba zisimbuka mu mashami y’ibiti. Muri ako gace gatoshye ni ho hari ubutunzi bw’u Rwanda bukomeye kurusha ubundi, ni ukuvuga ingagi zo mu birunga.
Ku nkombe z’ikiyaga cya Kivu no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe, uhasanga ibimera by’amoko menshi n’ibyatsi bitoshye. Muri iryo shyamba habamo inguge, inkende z’amabara y’umukara n’umweru, n’ubundi bwoko bw’inyamabere burenga 70. Hari amoko agera kuri 270 y’ibiti n’amoko y’inyoni agera hafi kuri 300. Ibinyugunyugu n’indabo byinshi cyane bihaboneka na byo byongera ubwiza bw’ako karere karinzwe.
Muri iryo shyamba rya Nyungwe rwagati, haturukamo umugezi muto utemba werekeza i burasirazuba. Uwo mugezi ugenda uhura n’indi migezi n’inzuzi mbere yo kwisuka mu kiyaga cya Victoria. Ayo mazi asohoka muri icyo kiyaga, agatemba yihuta, agafata umurego n’imbaraga kugira ngo akomeze urugendo rurerure yerekeza mu majyaruguru, akanyura muri Etiyopiya no muri Sudani, amaherezo akagera mu Misiri, aho yisukira mu nyanja ya Mediterane. Uruzi rwa Nili rutangira ari akagezi gato gafite isoko mu mashyamba yo mu misozi yo muri Afurika yo hagati, rugakora urugendo rw’ibirometero hafi 6.825, bigatuma ruba rumwe mu nzuzi ndende ku isi.
IBIHE BY’AMAKUBA
Ikibabaje ariko, ni uko icyo gihugu gito cy’u Rwanda cyabayemo urugomo ruteye ubwoba. Abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana barimo abagabo, abagore n’abana bishwe mu buryo bubabaje cyane muri jenoside yabaye mbi kurusha izindi muri iki gihe. Amashusho ababaje y’urugomo rutagira rutangira yerekanywe ku isi hose, bituma abantu benshi baterwa ubwoba no kubona abantu bakorera bagenzi babo ibikorwa bya kinyamaswa.—Umubw 8:9.
None se abagaragu ba Yehova b’indahemuka bitwaye bate muri ibyo bihe biteye ubwoba no mu myaka yakurikiyeho? Nk’uko wa mugezi muto cyane uturuka mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe urenga inzitizi zose, ukihanganira ubushyuhe bukaze bw’izuba ryo muri Afurika, ugahinduka uruzi runini cyane, ni ko abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bo mu Rwanda bashikamye mu murimo bakorera Imana. Bakomeje gushikama mu bigeragezo byinshi no mu ngorane zikomeye, maze babera abavandimwe na bashiki babo bo ku isi hose isoko y’inkunga n’imbaraga. Uzakorwa ku mutima no gusoma inkuru zishishikaje zo mu Rwanda zigaragaza urukundo, ukwizera n’ubudahemuka. Twifuza ko iyi nkuru yagutera inkunga yo kurushaho guha agaciro imishyikirano ufitanye na Yehova, kandi ukarushaho gukunda umuryango w’abavandimwe b’Abakristo.
URUMURI RUTANGIRA KUMURIKA
Raporo ya mbere y’umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza mu Rwanda yagaragaye mu Gitabo nyamwaka cy’Abahamya ba Yehova 1971. Yagiraga iti “muri Werurwe uyu mwaka [1970] abapayiniya ba bwite babiri bashoboye kwinjira mu Rwanda batangiza umurimo wo kubwiriza mu murwa mukuru wa Kigali. Basanze abantu baho bagira urugwiro kandi bitabira ubutumwa bw’Ubwami, kandi umuntu umwe ushimishijwe yatangiye kubwiriza. Abo bapayiniya batangiye kwigisha Bibiliya abantu icumi mu bantu bake bavuga igiswayire. Ubu barahatana no kwiga ikinyarwanda kugira ngo bashobore kubwiriza mu buryo bwagutse.”
Abo bapayiniya babiri bavugwa muri iyo raporo bari Oden Mwaisoba n’umugore we Enea, bari baraturutse muri Tanzaniya. Kubera ko bari bataramenya ikinyarwanda, babanje gusura abantu bavugaga igiswayire, abenshi bakaba bari baraturutse muri Kongo cyangwa muri Tanzaniya. Byageze muri Gashyantare 1971 hari ababwiriza bane batanga raporo, ariko nta bitabo byacu byabonekaga mu kinyarwanda, kandi ikibazo cy’ururimi cyadindije amajyambere.
Stanley Makumba, umugenzuzi w’akarere utaragiraga ubwoba wakoreraga muri Kenya, yasuye u Rwanda ku ncuro ya mbere mu mwaka wa 1974. Yaravuze ati “icyo gihe hari bisi nke zahuzaga Uganda n’u Rwanda zikagera mu Ruhengeri. Byabaye ngombwa ko ngenda mpagaze mu ikamyoneti ntafite n’aho kwinyagamburira. Umugore wanjye we yari yicaranye na shoferi. Tugeze iyo twajyaga, yarandebye aranyoberwa kubera ko nari nuzuye ivumbi. Umugongo warandyaga cyane bitewe n’urugendo, ku buryo disikuru natanze mu cyumweru cyakurikiyeho cyabanzirizaga ikoraniro ry’akarere rito n’izo muri iryo ikoraniro, zose nazitanze nicaye. Naho ku birebana no gusura abavandimwe, sinashoboraga kubabwira igihe nari kuhagerera kubera ko tutabaga tuzi uburyo twari gukoresha tubageraho!”
UMUNYARWANDA AGARUKA MU GIHUGU
Hagati aho, hari Umunyarwanda witwa Rwakabubu Gaspard wari umukanishi mu birombe by’umuringa muri Kongo. Agira ati “mu mwaka wa 1974, nagiye mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami ryabereye i Kolwezi. Umwe mu barimu b’iryo shuri witwaga Michael Pottage yavuze ko ibiro by’ishami by’i Kinshasa byashakaga kumenya niba hari umusaza w’Umunyarwanda wari kwemera gusubira mu gihugu cye kavukire, akajya gufasha mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ese nari kwemera kujyayo? Navuze ko nari kubanza kubiganiraho n’umugore wanjye Melanie.
“Icyo gihe umukoresha wanjye yari amaze kunsaba kujya mu Budage kwihugura. Nakoraga akazi neza kandi banyongezaga buri gihe. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, ntitwatinze gufata umwanzuro. Nabwiye umuvandimwe Pottage ko twari twemeye gusubira mu Rwanda. Umukoresha wanjye ntiyashoboraga kwiyumvisha icyo cyemezo twari twafashe. Yarambajije ati ‘ese ntushobora kuba Umuhamya wa Yehova uri hano? Kuki ugomba gusubira mu Rwanda?’ Ndetse hari n’abavandimwe bagerageje kumbuza, ariko batabitewe n’umutima mubi. Barambwiye bati ‘dore ufite abana bane. Soma amagambo yo muri Luka 14:28-30, maze wicare uyatekerezeho.’ Icyakora ibyo ntibyaduciye intege.
“Umukoresha wanjye yatwishyuriye amatike y’indege dusubira mu Rwanda. Igihe twageraga i Kigali, muri Gicurasi 1975, twakodesheje inzu yubakishije rukarakara kandi itarimo sima, ikaba yari itandukanye cyane n’inzu twabagamo igihe nakoraga mu birombe by’amabuye y’agaciro, yari irimo ibintu byose. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, twari twarabyiteguye kandi twari twiyemeje kugera ku ntego.”
Kubera ko abapayiniya ba bwite b’abanyamahanga bakoreshaga igiswayire, abantu benshi batekerezaga ko abo bapayiniya bari baraje kwigisha urwo rurimi. Ariko igihe Gaspard n’umuryango we bageraga mu Rwanda, iyo mitekerereze yarahindutse kuko bigishaga abantu ukuri k’Ubwami bakoresheje Bibiliya y’ikinyarwanda.
Byongeye kandi, Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu yahinduye mu kinyarwanda agatabo k’amapaji 32 gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubu Butumwa Bgiza bg’Ubgami.” Kasohotse mu mwaka wa 1976, kandi kashishikaje abantu cyane. Abantu bagasomeraga mu mabisi no mu muhanda. Kubera ko ako gatabo kakoreshaga izina Yehova, byatumaga abantu bagirana ibiganiro byinshi.
ABANYARWANDA BAMENYA UKURI
Muri icyo gihe, mu gihugu hose hari ababwiriza bagera kuri 11 gusa, abenshi bakaba batari Abanyarwanda. Mu Banyarwanda ba mbere bamenye ukuri harimo Rwagatore Justin. Yatangiye kwigana Bibiliya n’abapayiniya ba bwite bari baraturutse muri Tanzaniya, bakiga mu giswayire kuko batari bazi igifaransa cyangwa ikinyarwanda. Uwo muvandimwe ugira urugwiro, yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1976, icyo gihe akaba yari atuye i Save, aho umwami w’u Rwanda yari yaremereye abamisiyonari b’Abagatolika gushinga misiyoni ya mbere mu mwaka wa 1900. Rwagatore yibuka ko muri icyo gihe abantu bari bafite amatsiko yo kumenya icyo mu by’ukuri Bibiliya yigisha. Icyakora, abayobozi b’amadini bangaga Abahamya ba Yehova kandi babuzaga abayoboke babo kubatega amatwi cyangwa kwemera ibitabo byabo.
Mugarura Ferdinand, umuvandimwe utagamburura, na we ni umwe mu Banyarwanda ba mbere bemeye ukuri. Mu mwaka wa 1969 yabonye kopi y’igitabo Ukuli Kuyobora Ku Buzima bw’Iteka mu giswayire, icyo gihe akaba yarabaga mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Nyuma yaho, igihe yamenyaga aho Abahamya ba Yehova bamwegereye bari baherereye, we na bagenzi be babiri bavaga iwabo buri wa gatanu bagakora urugendo rw’ibirometero 80 ku maguru, bagiye mu materaniro no kwiga Bibiliya, hanyuma bagasubira iwabo kuwa mbere. Mugarura yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1975, abatirizwa rimwe n’umwe mu bantu yari yarigishije Bibiliya. Yabaye umupayiniya wa bwite mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1977. Yibuka ikoraniro ry’akarere ryabereye kwa Rwakabubu mu mwaka wa 1976, hagaterana abantu 34, hakabatizwa batatu.
ABAMISIYONARI BABUZWA KWINJIRA MU RWANDA
Inteko Nyobozi idahwema kwita ku bikenewe mu murimo ukorerwa ku isi hose, yari yarohereje abamisiyonari mu Rwanda. Mu mwaka wa 1969, abamisiyonari bane bize Ishuri rya Bibiliya rya Watchtower rya Gileyadi rya 47 basabwe kujya gukorerayo.
Nicholas Fone agira ati “mu mpera za Mutarama, umuvandimwe Knorr yahaye abanyeshuri impapuro zigaragaza aho bari boherejwe. Twumvise abwira Paul na Marilyn Evans ko bari boherejwe mu Rwanda. Hanyuma yarambwiye jye n’umugore wanjye ati ‘namwe murajyana na bo!’ Twarishimye cyane, maze iryo teraniro rirangiye duhita tujya mu bubiko bw’ibitabo bwa Gileyadi, maze tureba mu gitabo kinini cy’amakarita aho u Rwanda ruherereye. Icyakora nyuma yaho, twabonye ibaruwa yatumenyeshaga ko abavandimwe batari bashoboye kubona uruhushya rutwemerera kwinjira mu Rwanda. Twumvise tubabaye, ariko twemera kujyana na Paul na Marilyn muri Kongo.”
Mu mwaka wa 1976, abandi bavandimwe babiri n’abo bashakanye boherejwe mu Rwanda bamaze guhabwa impamyabumenyi mu ishuri rya 60 rya Gileyadi. Abo bamisiyonari bane bemerewe kwinjira mu gihugu, baba mu nzu bakodeshaga, babwirizanya umwete kandi batangira kwiga ikinyarwanda. Abo bamisiyonari bari bahawe uruhushya rwo kuba mu gihugu rumara amezi atatu, ariko ayo mezi ashize, urwego rushinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka mu gihugu rwanze kubongerera igihe, nuko boherezwa i Bukavu, mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo.
“BAKORANAGA UMWETE”
Mu myaka ya za 70 rwagati, abapayiniya ba bwite bari baraturutse muri Tanzaniya no muri Kongo batangiye kuva mu Rwanda ku mpamvu zitandukanye. Hagati aho, abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda batangiye gukora umurimo w’ubupayiniya kandi bagura umurimo wo kubwiriza bawugeza mu bindi bice byose by’igihugu. Mu mwaka wa 1978, igitabo Ukuli n’izindi nkuru z’ubwami ebyiri, byahinduwe mu kinyarwanda. Byongeye kandi, Umunara w’Umurinzi watangiye gusohoka rimwe mu kwezi. Ibyo bitabo byatumye umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami urushaho kujya mbere. Umumisiyonari witwa Manfred Tonak avuga uko abapayiniya bo mu Rwanda bo muri iyo minsi yo hambere bakoraga, agira ati “bakoranaga umwete, kandi bamaraga igihe kinini mu murimo. Abashya na bo bakurikije urugero rwabo.”
Niyongira Gaspard avuga ukuntu muri iyo minsi ubutumwa bwiza bwakwirakwiriye. Agira ati “igihe nabatizwaga mu mwaka wa 1978, abayobozi b’amadini bagize ubwoba babonye ukuntu abantu benshi bazaga mu kuri. Abantu babarirwa mu magana bazaga mu makoraniro yacu. Iyo twajyaga kubwiriza, twabaga tumeze nk’amarumbo y’inzige! Incuro nyinshi, ababwiriza bagera kuri 20 bavaga mu mugi wa Kigali rwagati, bakagenda babwiriza bakagera i Kanombe ku birometero bigera ku icyenda. I saa sita bararuhukaga, hanyuma bagakora urundi rugendo rw’ibirometero birindwi babwiriza bakagera i Masaka, nimugoroba bagatega bisi bagasubira i Kigali. Andi matsinda y’ababwiriza na yo yabigenzaga atyo mu tundi duce tw’igihugu. Ntibitangaje rero kuba uwo murimo wakorwaga mu buryo bwagutse waratumaga abantu batekereza ko Abahamya ba Yehova babarirwa mu bihumbi. Ibyo byatumye badushinja ibinyoma, bituma abayobozi batwima ubuzima gatozi.”
Abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda bari bafitiye ukuri ishyaka ryinshi, kandi bifuzaga gusogongera ku byishimo byo guteranira hamwe n’abavandimwe babo bo mu mahanga. Bityo mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1978, abantu bagera kuri 37 bo mu Rwanda, hakubiyemo n’abana, bakoze urugendo rw’ibirometero 1.200 banyura muri Uganda bagiye i Nairobi muri Kenya, mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ukwizera kunesha.” Urwo rugendo rwari rugoye. Uburyo bwo gutwara abagenzi ntibwabaga bwizewe, kandi imodoka zakundaga gupfira mu nzira. Byongeye kandi, muri Uganda hari imvururu zishingiye kuri politiki. Abari bagiye mu ikoraniro bageze ku mupaka wa Kenya, abakozi ba gasutamo ya Uganda babareze ko bari abatasi, barabafata babajyana ku cyicaro gikuru cy’ingabo i Kampala. Idi Amin wari perezida wa Uganda, ni we ubwe wabahase ibibazo. Amaze kunyurwa n’ibisubizo bamuhaye, yategetse ko barekurwa. Nubwo abo bavandimwe batateranye umunsi wa mbere w’ikoraniro ryabereye i Nairobi, bashimishijwe cyane no kubona abavandimwe babarirwa mu bihumbi bo mu mahanga menshi bunze ubumwe mu mahoro.
BASABA UBUZIMA GATOZI
Ukuri kwa Bibiliya n’amahame mbwirizamuco yiyubashye Abahamya bigisha, ntiyashimishaga abantu bose. Cyane cyane abayobozi b’amadini baterwaga impungenge n’uko abantu benshi cyane bitabiraga inyigisho z’Abahamya. Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu agira ati “abantu benshi bahoze ari Abagatolika, Abaporotesitanti n’Abadivantisiti, bandikiye amadini bahozemo basezera. Hari umuvandimwe wavuze ko umurimo wo kubwiriza wari umeze nk’umuriro wakongejwe mu madini. Bidatinze, umubare w’abazaga mu materaniro y’itorero ry’i Kigali wariyongereye urenga 200. Mu mizo ya mbere abayobozi b’amadini babonaga ko nta cyo tuvuze kubera ko twari bake cyane. Ariko tumaze kuba benshi, hari bamwe batureze ko duteje igihugu akaga. Muri icyo gihe Arikiyepiskopi wa Kiliziya Gatolika mu Rwanda witwaga Nsengiyumva Vincent, yabaye umwe mu bagize komite nyobozi y’ishyaka ryari ku butegetsi.
“Kubera ko twakomezaga kwiyongera mu buryo bwihuse, twari dukeneye ubuzima gatozi kugira ngo dushobore kubona abamisiyonari mu gihugu, twubake Amazu y’Ubwami kandi tugire amakoraniro manini. Ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya byatumye Ernest Heuse, wakomokaga mu Bubiligi, ngo aze kubonana n’abaminisitiri bo muri leta abasabe ubuzima gatozi, ariko imihati ye nta cyo yagezeho. Nyuma yaho mu mwaka wa 1982, ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya byatugiriye inama yo gutegura urwandiko rwo gusaba ubuzima gatozi, tukarwoherereza Minisitiri w’Ubutabera na Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu. Jye n’abandi bapayiniya ba bwite babiri twashyize umukono kuri urwo rwandiko. Icyakora ntitwigeze tubona igisubizo.”
Hagati aho ibitotezo byariyongereye. Umuvandimwe utuje kandi wiyubashye witwa Rugwiza Antoine, yibuka ko yumvise perezida atangariza kuri radiyo ko atari kuzihanganira abantu batesha agaciro “ukwemera kw’Abanyarwanda.” Abantu bose bumvise ko yavugaga Abahamya ba Yehova. Hashize igihe gito avuze iryo jambo, abavandimwe babujijwe guteranira hamwe. Hari impuha nyinshi zavugaga ko bari hafi gufatwa bagafungwa. Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu yatumijwe n’urwego rwa maneko incuro ebyiri zose rumuhata ibibazo.
Hanyuma mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1982, Kiala Mwango yavuye i Nairobi ari kumwe n’umugore we Elaine, aje kugenzura amakoraniro y’akarere yabereye i Butare, ku Gisenyi n’i Kigali. Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu ni we wari uhagarariye ayo makoraniro. Arangije ikoraniro ryabereye i Kigali, yongeye gutumizwa n’urwego rwa maneko ku ncuro ya gatatu. Icyakora icyo gihe bwo ntiyagarutse! Mu minsi ine, abandi bapayiniya ba bwite babiri bari barashyize umukono kuri rwa rwandiko rwasabaga ubuzima gatozi na bo barafashwe. Bose uko ari batatu bafunzwe badaciriwe urubanza cyangwa ngo bahabwe uburenganzira bwo kwiregura. Nyuma yaho hafashwe n’abandi. Inzu y’Ubwami na yo yarafunzwe. Minisitiri w’Ubutabera yandikiye ba perefe bose abamenyesha ko Abahamya ba Yehova baciwe.
Amaherezo mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1983, ba bavandimwe batatu bari barashyize umukono ku rwandiko rwasabaga ubuzima gatozi, baraburanishijwe. Urukiko rwabashinje ko bari abatekamutwe bayobya abantu, ibyo bikaba byari ibirego bidafite ishingiro rwose. Muri urwo rubanza nta mugabo n’umwe watanzwe, nta n’inyandiko yashingiweho. Nyamara abo bavandimwe batatu bakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri. Igihe abicanyi ruharwa bafungurwaga muri gahunda yo gutanga imbabazi, abo bavandimwe bizerwa bo ntibafunguwe. Ku Gisenyi na ho, hari abandi bavandimwe batanu bafunzwe imyaka hafi ibiri batarakatiwe cyangwa ngo bagezwe imbere y’urukiko.
UBUZIMA BWO MURI GEREZA
Ubuzima bwo muri gereza bwari bubi cyane. Baryaga rimwe ku munsi, bakarya ubugari bw’imyumbati n’ibishyimbo. Baryaga inyama rimwe mu kwezi. Uburiri bwabaga burimo ibiryi, ariko hari benshi bararaga hasi kubera ko imfungwa zari nyinshi. Amazi yo koga yabaga ari ingume. Abavandimwe bari bafungiwe hamwe n’abagizi ba nabi bakatiwe kandi b’abanyarugomo. Incuro nyinshi abarinzi ba gereza bafataga nabi imfungwa, ariko umwe muri bo witwa Fataki Jean, yagiriye neza abavandimwe. Yemeye kwiga Bibiliya, amaherezo aba Umuhamya wabatijwe, kandi kugeza n’ubu aracyari umupayiniya wizerwa.
Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu agira ati “igihe twari muri gereza, arikiyepiskopi yaje gusomera misa muri gereza. Yabwiye abari bamuteze amatwi ko bitondera Abahamya ba Yehova. Nyuma yaho, bamwe mu Bagatolika bari muri iyo misa batubajije impamvu arikiyepiskopi yavuze ibyo bintu, kandi bo barabonaga ko Abahamya ba Yehova badateje akaga.”
Hagati aho, Roger na Noella Poels bageze i Kigali baturutse mu Bubiligi. Roger yari afite akazi. Ba bavandimwe batatu bari bakiri muri gereza, bityo Roger yasabye kubonana na Minisitiri w’Ubutabera kugira ngo amusobanurire imyizerere yacu kandi amubaze mu kinyabupfura icyo leta yashinjaga Abahamya ba Yehova. Minisitiri yamuciye mu ijambo, aramubwira ati “Bwana Poels, ibyo wambwiye birahagije! Indege y’ubutaha ijya i Buruseli ntizagusiga. Wirukanywe mu gihugu!”
Kubera ko ba bavandimwe bakomeje gushikama kandi ntibashye ubwoba, byabaye ngombwa ko barangiza igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri bari barakatiwe, ariko mu mwaka wa kabiri bimuriwe mu yindi gereza aho imibereho yari myiza kurushaho. Barekuwe mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1984.
IBITOTEZO BYIYONGERA
Bakomeje kuturwanya. Radiyo yatangaje ko Abahamya ba Yehova ari abantu babi b’intagondwa. Byageze muri Werurwe 1986, abavandimwe mu gihugu hose bafatwa bagafungwa. Mu bafashwe bagafungwa harimo Murayi Augustin. Yari umuyobozi mukuru muri Minisiteri y’Amashuri Abanza n’Ayisumbuye, ariko yirukanywe kuri uwo mwanya azira ukutabogama kwa gikristo. Ibinyamakuru byaramwibasiye kandi na radiyo ntiyamworoheye.
Abandi bavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo mu gihugu hose, ndetse na bashiki bacu bari batwite kandi bafite abana bato, barafashwe barafungwa. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1986, bimuriwe muri gereza nkuru ya Kigali kugira ngo bazaburanishwe. Kubera ko abavandimwe bataririmbaga indirimbo zo gukunda igihugu by’agakabyo, ntibambare umudari wa perezida kandi ntibagure ikarita y’ishyaka, abantu batekerezaga bibeshya ko Abahamya ba Yehova barwanya leta kandi ko bashakaga kuyihirika.
Hakizumwami Phocas, akaba ari umuvandimwe uhorana akanyamuneza, agira ati “abavandimwe bo mu itorero ry’i Nyabisindu ni bo ba mbere bafashwe. Kubera ko twahoraga twiteguye ko byatinda byatebuka bazadufata, twabonye ko ifasi yacu yari hafi guhinduka, tukareka ifasi yo hanze ya gereza tukajya kubwiriza ifasi yo muri gereza. Ni yo mpamvu twiyemeje kubanza kubwiriza ifasi yo ‘hanze’ ya gereza mu rugero rwagutse. Twagiye mu masoko dutanga amagazeti n’ibitabo byinshi. Twasenze Yehova tumusaba ko yadufasha tukarangiza ifasi yacu mbere y’uko dufungwa. Yehova yaradufashije, kubera ko twarangije ifasi yacu ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1985. Hashize iminsi irindwi twarafunzwe.”
Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, Nsanzurwimo Palatin n’umugore we Fatuma, bafashwe na ba maneko. Babahase ibibazo mu gihe cy’amasaha umunani kandi basaka cyane inzu yabo, hanyuma babajyana muri gereza bari kumwe n’abana babo batatu. Bakiri mu nzira, murumuna wa Palatin yarabakurikiye, afata umuhungu wabo wari ufite imyaka itanu n’umukobwa w’imyaka ine. Palatin na Fatuma bafunganywe n’umwana wabo w’amezi 14. Nyuma yaho Fatuma yimuriwe mu yindi gereza, amaramo amezi icyenda.
Muri icyo gihe, abana bane ba Tshiteya Jean birukanywe mu ishuri. Atashye, yasanze ibintu byo mu nzu byose babitereye hejuru, umugore we bagiye kumufunga, abana basigaye mu nzu bonyine. Bidatinze, umuvandimwe Tshiteya na we yarafashwe, afungirwa muri gereza ya Butare, asangamo umugore we n’abandi bavandimwe. Nyuma yaho, imfungwa zose z’abavandimwe zari i Butare zimuriwe muri gereza nkuru ya Kigali. Hagati aho, abana b’umuvandimwe Tshiteya bitabwagaho n’abavandimwe b’i Kigali.
Umuvandimwe Tshiteya agira ati “igihe abavandimwe bimurirwaga muri gereza nkuru ya Kigali bavuye muri gereza zo mu tundi duce, basuhuzanyaga bishimye bati ‘komera!’ Igihe umwe mu barinzi ba gereza yumvaga iyo ndamukanyo, yaravuze ati ‘ariko muri abasazi! Wakomera ute kandi uri muri gereza?’”
Nubwo Abahamya bafungwaga, abantu b’imitima itaryarya ntibacitse intege, kandi akenshi ibitotezo byagiraga ingaruka nziza. Mukandekezi Odette, akaba ari mushiki wacu urangwa n’ubutwari kandi ugira urugwiro, yari mu bandi benshi bafashwe icyo gihe. Agira ati “mu gihe cy’ibitotezo, abavandimwe barafatwaga bagafungwa kandi bagakubitwa. Umunsi umwe twanyuze ku mwana w’umukobwa witwa Josephine wari uragiye inka. Yari afite Bibiliya kandi yari yarasomye ko Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bavugwaga nabi, bagatotezwa, bagakubitwa kandi bagafungwa. Kubera ko yari azi ko Abahamya batotezwaga, yatekereje ko bagomba kuba ari bo bagize idini ry’ukuri, maze asaba ko bamwigisha Bibiliya. Ubu ni mushiki wacu wabatijwe.”
Igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe, Niyongira Gaspard yatwaraga ikamyo, kandi yakundaga kujya i Nairobi muri Kenya. Yagarukaga mu Rwanda afite ibitabo yahishaga mu isanduku yari ku ikamyo yatwaraga. Iyo sanduku yashoboraga kujyamo amakarito atandatu y’ibitabo. Nanone muri icyo gihe, Henry Ssenyonga, wo mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda, buri gihe yambutsaga amagazeti ku mupaka akoresheje ipikipiki ye.
Amateraniro y’itorero yaberaga mu matsinda mato. Iyo abayobozi bakekaga ko Abahamya ba Yehova bagize amateraniro, bajyaga gusaka. Umuvandimwe Niyongira agira ati “nari mfite akazu kari iruhande rw’inzu yanjye twateraniragamo rwihishwa. Ibitabo byacu twabishyiraga mu mashashi, tukabitaba, hejuru tugashyiraho amakara.”
Igihe ubutegetsi bwatangiraga gufata abavandimwe benshi bukabafunga, Mutezintare Jean-Marie wari umaze igihe gito abatijwe, yashoboye kujya mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Nairobi mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1985, ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abakomeza gushikama.” Agarutse mu Rwanda, we na Sibomana Isaie basabye abavandimwe bo mu burengerazuba bwa Uganda amagazeti. Abo bavandimwe bageze ku mupaka, abakozi ba gasutamo babonye ayo magazeti, maze barabafata babashyiramo amapingu, bajya kubahata ibibazo kandi barara muri kasho imbeho ibatunda. Bidatinze, abo bavandimwe boherejwe muri gereza nkuru ya Kigali. Bahuriyeyo n’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera ku 140 bari bahafungiye, maze bishimira kumva amakuru y’imvaho yerekeranye n’ikoraniro ry’i Nairobi. Ibyo babwiye abo bavandimwe byabateye inkunga kandi birabakomeza.
Abavandimwe bari bafunzwe barateranaga kandi bari bafite gahunda yo kubwiriza. Nanone uretse kubwiriza, bigishaga imfungwa zimwe na zimwe gusoma no kwandika. Byongeye kandi, bigishaga Bibiliya abantu bashimishijwe kandi bagafasha ababwiriza bashya kugera ku mubatizo. Bamwe muri bo bari baratangiye kwiga Bibiliya mbere y’uko bafungwa, abandi bo bigiye ukuri muri gereza.
UMUGENZUZI USURA AMATORERO “ASURA” GEREZA
Umwe mu bavandimwe bari bafungiye muri gereza ya Kigali mu mwaka wa 1986, avuga uko byari byifashe agira ati “harimo abavandimwe benshi. Twakoze inama kugira ngo turebe uko twafasha abavandimwe bari hanze. Twafashe umwanzuro wo kubandikira urwandiko rubatera inkunga. Twababwiye ko niturangiza ifasi tubwirizamo muri gereza, twari kugaruka mu rugo. Twabwirizaga igitanda ku kindi kandi tukigisha abantu Bibiliya. Nyuma yaho igihe twumvaga ko umugenzuzi usura amatorero yasuraga amatorero yo hanze, natwe twifuje ko yadusura, maze dusenga Yehova tumubwira icyo kibazo. Bidatinze nyuma yaho, umuvandimwe Rwakabubu wari umugenzuzi usura amatorero, yafunzwe ku ncuro ya kabiri. Twe twabonaga ko yari afunzwe kugira ngo natwe ashobore kudusura.”
Mu gihe cy’ibitotezo, umuvandimwe umwe gusa ni we wateshutse. Igihe yambaraga umudari, izindi mfungwa zitari Abahamya zaramukubise, zimutera imigeri, ziramutuka, zimwita ikigwari. Umugore we, na we wigaga Bibiliya, yamubajije impamvu atari yakomeje kuba uwizerwa. Nyuma yaho yandikiye abacamanza, ababwira ko yari yibeshye kandi ko yari akiri Umuhamya wa Yehova. Nanone yandikiye ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya asaba imbabazi. Ubu akorera Yehova mu budahemuka.
UMURIMO WO KUBWIRIZA UKOMEZA HANZE YA GEREZA
Abatari barafunzwe bakomeje kubwiriza babigiranye ishyaka, ugereranyije buri mubwiriza akaba yarabwirizaga amasaha agera kuri 20 buri kwezi. Semali Alfred, akaba yari umwe muri abo batari barafunzwe, agira ati “nubwo ntigeze mfungwa, nahoraga niteze ko nafungwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose, kandi nari mbyiteguye. Kubera ko Inzu y’Ubwami yari yarafunzwe, twateraniraga mu matsinda mato mato, kandi twakomeje kubwiriza. Nashyiraga amagazeti mu ibahasha ya kaki, nkajya mu mugi nk’ugiye gushaka akazi, hanyuma ngashakisha uburyo bwo gutanga ayo magazeti kandi nkaganira n’abantu kuri Bibiliya.
“Mu mwaka wa 1986, benshi mu bavandimwe n’abantu bari bashimishijwe barafunzwe, hakubiyemo n’abari bamaze igihe gito batangiye kwiga Bibiliya. Abavandimwe, hakubiyemo n’abashya, barashikamye mu buryo butangaje. Hagati aho, Abahamya bo mu bihugu byinshi bandikiye perezida w’u Rwanda bamagana ako karengane, kandi radiyo yatangaje ko buri munsi yabonaga amabaruwa abarirwa mu magana. Ibyo byagize ingaruka nziza, kubera ko mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu n’abantu bari bashimishijwe bafunguwe n’iteka rya perezida. Twasabwe n’ibyishimo.” Bakimara gufungurwa, abasaza bateguye umubatizo i Kigali, maze habatizwa abantu 36, 34 muri bo bahita batangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya bw’ubufasha!
Igihe ibitotezo byari bikaze mu mwaka wa 1986, hari ababwiriza bagera kuri 435 batangaga raporo; muri bo abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera ku 140 bari barafunzwe. Abo Bahamya ni bo babaye inkingi z’umuteguro wa Yehova mu Rwanda. Ukwizera kwabo kwari “kwageragejwe.”—Yak 1:3.
Amaherezo, nyuma y’ibitotezo bikaze byo mu myaka ya za 80, amatorero yo mu Rwanda yabonye agahenge maze atangira kwiyongera. Ariko se ni iki cyari kibategereje? Abantu benshi bemeye ukuri. None se abo bantu bashya na bo bari kuzagaragaza ko ari abigishwa bubakishijwe ibikoresho bidakongorwa n’umuriro (1 Kor 3:10-15)? Ese ukwizera kwabo kwari kuzashobora guhangana n’ibigeragezo byari bigiye kubageraho? Igihe ni cyo cyari gutanga igisubizo.
INTAMBARA N’IMVURURU ZISHINGIYE KURI POLITIKI
Byageze mu mwaka wa 1990 mu Rwanda hari ababwiriza batanga raporo buri gihe bagera hafi ku 1.000. Icyakora hari ibibazo byinshi bishingiye kuri politiki, kandi mu kwezi k’Ukwakira ingabo za FPR zateye amajyaruguru y’u Rwanda ziturutse mu gihugu cy’abaturanyi cya Uganda.
Umuvandimwe w’intwari wafunzwe incuro ebyiri azira ukwizera kwe witwa Mugarura Ferdinand, icyo gihe yabaga mu Ruhengeri. Agira ati “inzangano n’ivangura rishingiye ku moko byakomezaga kwiyongera. Nubwo byari bimeze bityo ariko, Abahamya ba Yehova bakomeje kutagira aho babogamira, kandi ntibivanze mu mashyaka ya politiki cyangwa ngo bagire urwikekwe rushingiye ku moko. Kubera ko abavandimwe banze kunamuka ku kutabogama kwabo, byabaye ngombwa ko bamwe bahunga bagata ingo zabo, abandi batakaza akazi.”
Mushiki wacu umwe wari umwarimukazi akaba n’umupfakazi wareraga abana batatu, yanze gutanga umusanzu w’ingabo. Ibyo byatumye umukuru w’abarimu amutangira raporo ku basirikare, maze yongera gufungwa ku ncuro ya kabiri, akaba yari yarigeze gufungwa mu myaka ya za 80. Igihe ingabo za FPR zageraga mu mugi yari afungiwemo, zafunguye gereza maze imfungwa zose ziratoroka. Icyakora aho kugira ngo uwo mushiki wacu ahungane n’izindi mfungwa, we yagumye muri gereza. Igihe icyo gitero cyasubiragayo, yarongeye arafatwa yimurirwa muri gereza nkuru ya Kigali. Agezeyo, yasenze asaba ko yamenya itariki Urwibutso rwari kuzaberaho, kuko atifuzaga kurusiba. Yashimishijwe cyane n’uko mu buryo butunguranye yafunguwe ku munsi w’Urwibutso nyirizina! Kubera ko yakomeje kutagira aho abogamira, yatakaje inzu ye n’akazi ko kwigisha, ariko yabaye umupayiniya urangwa n’ishyaka.
Biturutse ku nkunga y’amahanga, icyo gitero cyari cyaturutse muri Uganda cyabaye gihagaritswe. Mu mwaka wa 1991, mu gihugu hatangijwe gahunda zo gushyiraho politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi. Hashinzwe amashyaka menshi akomeye n’andi menshi mato, ibyo bituma habaho umwuka w’ivangura rishingiye ku turere n’irondakoko. Amashyaka amwe yari afite ibitekerezo bishyize mu gaciro, ariko andi yari afite abarwanashyaka b’intagondwa. Ku ncuro ya mbere, abantu batangiye kubona neza Abahamya ba Yehova bitewe n’uko batagira aho babogamira. Kubera ko batagiraga uruhande rwa politiki babogamiraho cyangwa ngo baronde amoko, leta ndetse n’abantu muri rusange ntibongeye kubona ko ari abanzi.
Muri Nzeri 1991, abavandimwe baturutse mu mahanga baherekejwe n’abavandimwe babiri bo mu Rwanda, ari bo Rwakabubu Gaspard na Seminega Tharcisse, basuye abaminisitiri ba minisiteri zari zikomeye i Kigali. Abo bavandimwe bavuganye na Minisitiri mushya w’Ubutabera, abatega amatwi kandi yumva ibibazo byabo. Abo bavandimwe bamushimiye intambwe nziza zari zimaze guterwa, kandi bamusaba ko yakomereza aho akaduha umudendezo usesuye mu by’idini.
Muri Mutarama 1992, na mbere y’uko ubuzima gatozi butangwa, abavandimwe bagize ikoraniro ry’intara i Kigali. Godfrey na Jennie Bint bibuka neza iryo koraniro. Bagira bati “icyo gihe twakoreraga umurimo muri Uganda kandi twatunguwe no kubona ibaruwa yari iturutse ku biro by’ishami byo muri Kenya, yadusabaga kujya mu Rwanda tukamarayo ibyumweru bitatu dufasha abandi mu myiteguro y’ikoraniro no gufata amajwi darame. Abavandimwe batugaragarije umuco wo kwakira abashyitsi, kandi buri munsi twatumirirwaga kujya gusangira n’imiryango inyuranye. Tuhageze, twasanze barakodesheje sitade y’umuntu wikorera ku giti cye n’imyiteguro igeze kure. Nanone abavandimwe bari biteguye gufata amajwi darame, kandi byagenze neza nubwo tutari dufite ibikoresho bihagije. Nubwo abavandimwe benshi bo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu batashoboraga kubona impapuro z’inzira kandi imipaka y’u Burundi na Uganda ikaba yari ifunze, ku cyumweru hateranye abantu 2.079, kandi habatijwe abantu 75.”
AMAHEREZO BABONYE UBUZIMA GATOZI!
Hashize amezi make nyuma yaho, ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1992, umurimo w’Abahamya ba Yehova wemewe mu rwego rw’amategeko ku ncuro ya mbere mu Rwanda. Intambara bari bamaze igihe kirekire barwana kugira ngo babwirize ubutumwa bwiza mu gihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe, batotezwa kandi bagafungwa, yari irangiye. Abavandimwe bari bategereje igihe gishya cyo kwiyongera no kwaguka mu rwego rwa gitewokarasi.
Inteko Nyobozi ntiyatinze kohereza abamisiyonari mu gihugu. Henk van Bussel, wabanje gukorera umurimo muri Santarafurika no muri Cadi, hamwe na Godfrey na Jennie Bint, bari barakoreye umurimo muri Zayire (ubu ni Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo) no muri Uganda, ni bo bamisiyonari ba mbere bahawe uruhushya rwo kuba mu Rwanda. Hashyizweho Komite y’Igihugu kugira ngo igenzure umurimo wo kubwiriza.
Umuvandimwe Bint avuga uko byagenze igihe yahageraga bwa mbere ari kumwe na Henk van Bussel, agira ati “bidatinze twabonye inzu ikwiriye y’abamisiyonari yari hafi y’Inzu y’Ubwami. Twahise dutangira kwiga ururimi rw’ikinyarwanda, ariko rwaratugoye cyane, nk’uko rwari rwaragoye abapayiniya ba bwite bahageze mbere mu mwaka wa 1970. Hari igitabo cy’ikinyarwanda kivuga ko ‘inyuguti C na W ziri kumwe zisomwa ngo TCHKW!’ Nanone twibuka ko mushiki wacu watwigishaga yatubwiye ati ‘ntimuzashobora kuvuga neza igihekane “shy” kiri mu magambo “isi nshya,” nimutakivuga mumwenyura!’”
Nyuma yaho muri uwo mwaka, habaye ukwiyongera gushya kw’ababwiriza bagera ku 1.665, kandi muri Mutarama 1993, i Kigali habaye irindi koraniro ry’intara. Icyo gihe hateranye abantu 4.498, habatizwa 182. Kiala Mwango wari waturutse ku biro by’ishami byo muri Kenya ni we wari intumwa y’ibiro by’ishami muri iryo koraniro. Icyo gihe nta muntu n’umwe washoboraga gutekereza ko mu kibanza cyari hakurya y’umuhanda imbere ya sitade yaberagamo iryo koraniro, ari ho hari kuzubakwa ibiro by’ishami mu mwaka wa 2006.
Nubwo habaye ikindi gitero cyaturutse mu majyaruguru, umurimo wo kubwiriza ntiwigeze ucogora. Byageze mu mwaka wa 1993 ingabo zateye zigeze mu birometero bike hafi y’umugi wa Kigali. Umupaka wa Uganda wari ugifunze, kandi abantu bo mu murwa mukuru bumvaga urusaku rw’imbunda za rutura. Abantu bagera kuri miriyoni bo mu majyaruguru y’igihugu bari baravanywe mu byabo. Muri bo harimo abavandimwe na bashiki bacu 381, bitabwagaho n’abavandimwe b’i Kigali no mu nkengero zaho. Icyakora imishyikirano yaberaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya, yageze ku masezerano yo guhagarika imirwano no gushyiraho akarere katarangwamo imirwano, kandi leta yariho yemera kugabana ubutegetsi n’ingabo zari zarayiteye n’amashyaka amwe akomeye n’amato.
IKORANIRO RYIHARIYE CYANE!
Muri uwo mwaka hari hateganyijwe ikoraniro ryihariye ryagombaga kubera muri Sitade Rejiyonali ya Kigali. Icyakora abayobozi b’iyo sitade barayitwemereye, ariko bayemerera n’abandi bantu bari kuyikiniramo umupira w’amaguru saa cyenda z’amanywa. Abavandimwe bakurikiranye icyiciro cya mbere ya saa sita, ariko mbere y’uko icyiciro cya nyuma ya saa sita gitangira, abafana batangiye kuza, kandi abapolisi ntibashoboye kubabuza kwinjira. Umuyobozi wa sitade yavuze ko umupira wari kurangira saa kumi n’ebyiri. Bityo abavandimwe baragiye, bagaruka saa kumi n’ebyiri kugira ngo bakurikirane igice cya porogaramu cyari cyasigaye.
Ibyo byahangayikishije bamwe kubera ko hari hakiriho amasaha y’umukwabu. Imodoka ntizari zemerewe kugenda nyuma ya saa kumi n’ebyiri kandi n’abantu ntibari bemerewe kugenda nyuma ya saa tatu. Icyakora bigeze mu ma saa moya, radiyo yatangaje ko amasaha y’umukwabu yigijweyo, ko yari kujya atangira saa tanu z’ijoro. Byongeye kandi, umuriro wakundaga kubura. Ariko kubera ko amasezerano yo gukodesha sitade atari yubahirijwe, perefe w’umugi wa Kigali yagize icyo akora kugira ngo umuriro utabura muri sitade. Ndetse yanabashakiye imodoka zibatwara ku buntu, ku buryo nyuma ya porogaramu zari zitegereje abavandimwe. Nguko uko abavandimwe bashoboye gukurikirana porogaramu y’ikoraniro yose uko yakabaye. Tekereza ukuntu bishimye igihe basohokaga muri sitade bagasanga bisi nyinshi zibategereje.
Günter Reschke yibuka ko yasuye u Rwanda mu mpera za Nzeri 1993. Agira ati “ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya byanyohereje i Kigali gufatanya n’umuvandimwe Rwakabubu kwigisha Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami. Icyo gihe mu Rwanda hose hari abasaza 63 gusa nubwo umubare w’ababwiriza wari wariyongereye, ukagera ku 1.881. Mu gihugu ibintu byari bimeze nabi, kandi hari impuha z’uko imirwano yari yongeye kubura mu majyaruguru. Birumvikana ariko ko nta muntu wiyumvishaga ibihe bibi byari bigiye kuza, ariko iryo shuri ryatanze ibyokurya mu gihe gikwiriye. Ryakomeje ukwizera kw’abasaza, ribaha ibyo bari bakeneye kugira ngo baragire umukumbi, kandi ibyo ni byo bari bakeneye cyane bitewe n’uwo mwuka mubi w’intambara watutumbaga.”
HASHYIRWAHO GAHUNDA ZO GUSHAKA IBIRO
Mu mpera za Werurwe 1994, Leonard Ellis n’umugore we Nancy, bavuye i Nairobi baje mu ikoraniro ryihariye no gufasha ibiro by’ubuhinduzi. Ibiro by’ishami by’i Nairobi byari byarasabye ko icumbi ry’abamisiyonari n’ibiro by’ubuhinduzi mu Rwanda byakorera hamwe. Icyigisho cy’Umunara w’Umurinzi cyo kuwa mbere tariki ya 4 Mata, cyarimo abagize ikipi yaguye y’abahinduzi, abagize Komite y’Igihugu, abamisiyonari n’umuvandimwe Ellis n’umugore we. Icyo cyari igihe gishishikaje; cyabaye intangiriro y’ukwaguka gukomeye kwari kuzakurikiraho.
Umuvandimwe Ellis n’umugore we barangije umurimo wari wabazanye, bafashe indege ya nyuma, kuko hakurikiyeho amezi menshi nta yindi ndege itwara abagenzi ihaguruka ku kibuga cy’indege cy’i Kigali. Bukeye bwaho, umuvandimwe Rwakabubu yaterefonnye ku nzu y’abamisiyonari nyuma ya saa sita, abamenyesha ko ambasade y’u Burusiya yari yaretse gusaba ikibanza twatekerezaga kuzubakamo ibiro. Cyashoboraga noneho guhabwa Abahamya ba Yehova, kandi bukeye bwaho kuwa kane mu gitondo tariki ya 7 Mata, twagombaga kujya kureba abayobozi. Ariko ibyo ntibyashobotse.
JENOSIDE ITANGIRA!
Kuwa gatatu nimugoroba tariki ya 6 Mata, indege yari itwaye perezida w’u Rwanda n’uw’u Burundi yarasiwe hafi y’i Kigali irashya irahanuka. Abari bayirimo bose barapfuye. Kuri uwo mugoroba abantu benshi ntibamenye ko iyo ndege yahanuwe kubera ko radiyo y’igihugu itigeze ibitangaza.
Abamisiyonari batatu ari bo Bint n’umugore we na Henk, ntibazibagirwa iminsi yakurikiyeho. Umuvandimwe Bint agira ati “mu gitondo cya kare ku itariki ya 7 Mata, twakangutse twumva urusaku rw’amasasu na gerenade. Ibyo byari ibisanzwe kubera ko hari hashize amezi menshi ibintu bitameze neza mu gihugu. Icyakora igihe twateguraga amafunguro ya mu gitondo, twumvise telefoni. Ngirente Emmanuel wari ku biro by’ubuhinduzi, ni we wari uduhamagaye atubwira ko radiyo yari yatangaje ko abo baperezida bombi baguye mu ndege. Minisitiri w’Ingabo yabwiye abantu bo muri Kigali bose ko bagombaga kuguma mu ngo zabo.
“Ahagana mu ma saa tatu za mu gitondo, twumvise abasahuzi binjira mu rugo rw’umuturanyi. Bibye imodoka yo muri urwo rugo bica n’umugore waho.
“Bidatinze, abasirikare n’abasahuzi baje iwacu bahonda ku rugi rwo ku irembo, bavuza n’inzogera yo ku muryango. Twakomeje guceceka, ntitwasohoka ngo tujye gukingura. Icyakora ntibigeze bagerageza kumena urugi, ahubwo barakomeje bajya mu zindi ngo. Urusaku rw’amasasu na za gerenade byakomezaga kumvikana impande zose, kandi nta n’aho wari kunyura uhunga. Urusaku rw’amasasu rwarumvikanaga cyane kandi tukumva ruri hafi yacu, nuko tujya mu kirongozi kugira ngo twirinde amasasu yayobye. Twabonye ko iyo mimerere itari kuzarangira vuba, maze dufata umwanzuro wo gucunga neza ibiribwa twari dufite, tukajya duteka rimwe ku munsi tugasangira ibyo. Bukeye bwaho, igihe twari tumaze gufata ifunguro rya saa sita twumva amakuru kuri radiyo mpuzamahanga, Henk yateye hejuru ati ‘dore barimo barurira urugo!’
“Ntitwari dufite igihe cyo gutekereza. Twahise tujya muri dushe dukinga urugi. Hanyuma twasengeye hamwe, dusaba Yehova ko adufasha kwihanganira ibyari kutubaho byose. Tutararangiza gusenga, twumvise Interahamwe n’abasahuzi bamenagura amadirishya n’inzugi. Mu minota mike bari bageze mu nzu, basakuza kandi baterera ibintu byose hejuru. Bari abasahuzi bagera nko kuri 40, harimo abagabo, abagore n’abana, hamwe n’Interahamwe. Nanone twumvise amasasu mu gihe batonganaga bapfa ibyo bari basahuye.
“Nyuma y’iminota nka 40, ariko twe twumvaga ari igihe kirekire cyane, twumvise bageze ku rugi rwa dushe. Ariko kubera ko urugi rwari rukinze, batangiye kurumena. Icyo gihe twabonye ko ibyiza ari ugusohoka tukabiyereka. Abo bantu bari bameze nk’abasaze kandi banyoye ibiyobyabwenge. Bari bafite imipanga n’ibyuma bashaka kudutema. Jennie yateraga hejuru cyane atakambira Yehova. Umugabo umwe yakubise Henk ikibatira cy’umupanga ku gikanu, maze Henk yikubita mu muvure bogeramo. Sinzi ukuntu nabonye amafaranga ndayabaha, barayarwanira.
“Mu buryo butunguranye, twabonye umusore atwitegereza cyane. Nubwo tutari tumuzi, we yaratumenye, bikaba bishoboka ko yatumenyeye mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Yaradufashe adusubiza muri dushe, aratubwira ngo dukinge urugi. Yavuze ko yari kudukiza.
“Urusaku rw’abasahuraga rwarakomeje rumara indi minota nka 30 cyangwa irenga, maze rugeze aho rurashira. Amaherezo, wa musore yaragarutse atubwira ko noneho twashoboraga gusohoka. Yakomeje kuduhata ngo duhite tuva aho hantu, maze aradusohora. Ntitwashoboye kugira icyo tuvana mu nzu. Ubwoba bwaratwishe tubonye imirambo ya bamwe mu baturanyi bacu bari bishwe. Abasirikare babiri bo mu barindaga perezida baraduherekeje batugeza mu nzu y’umusirikare yari hafi aho. Hanyuma uwo musirikare yaraduherekeje atugeza muri hoteli ya Mille Collines, aho abantu benshi bari bahungiye. Twategereje amasaha menshi duhangayitse n’ubwoba bwatwishe, hanyuma abasirikare batuvana aho batujyana ku kibuga cy’indege batunyujije mu nzira y’igiturage. Amaherezo, ku itariki ya 11 Mata, twajyanywe muri Kenya. Twageze kuri Beteli y’i Nairobi tutashokoje, n’imyenda yacu isa nabi. Henk we yahageze nyuma, kubera ko twari twaburanye igihe twajyanwaga ku kibuga. Abagize umuryango wa Beteli batugaragarije urukundo kandi batwitaho.”
BAKIJIJWE N’ISENGESHO RY’AKANA K’AGAKOBWA
Nyuma y’uko indege ihanuka igahitana perezida w’u Rwanda n’uw’u Burundi, hari abasirikare batandatu bo mu ngabo za leta bagiye kwa Rwakabubu. Amaso yabo yari ibishirira, umwuka wabo ari inzoga gusa kandi ibikorwa byabo byagaragazaga ko bari banyoye ibiyobyabwenge. Bavugaga ko bashaka imbunda. Umuvandimwe Rwakabubu yababwiye ko we n’abagize umuryango we ari Abahamya ba Yehova kandi ko nta mbunda bari bafite.
Abo basirikare bari bazi ko Abahamya ba Yehova bari baranze gushyigikira leta no gutanga imisanzu y’ingabo kubera ko batagira aho babogamira. Ibyo byarakaje abo basirikare cyane. Rwakabubu Gaspard na Melanie si Abatutsi, ariko Interahamwe z’Abahutu ntizicaga Abatutsi gusa, ahubwo zicaga n’Abahutu batari intagondwa, cyane cyane abo zakekagaho ko bafasha Abatutsi cyangwa bakaba ibyitso by’ingabo zari zarateye.
Abo basirikare bakubise Gaspard na Melanie, hanyuma barabashorera bo n’abana babo batanu, babajyana mu cyumba. Bakuye amashuka ku buriri barayabatwikira. Bamwe bari bafite za gerenade mu ntoki, kandi icyo bari bagamije cyarigaragazaga. Gaspard yarababajije ati “ese mushobora kutureka tukabanza gusenga?”
Umusirikare umwe yarabyanze yabasuzuguye cyane. Hanyuma bamaze kubijyaho impaka, babemereye gusenga ariko bagononwa. Baravuze bati “OK, tubahaye iminota ibiri yo gusenga.”
Basenze bucece, ariko Débora, icyo gihe wari ufite imyaka itandatu, yasenze mu ijwi riranguruye agira ati “Yehova, bagiye kutwica; none se tuzashobora dute gusubira gusura abantu nabwirije ndi kumwe na papa, nkabaha amagazeti atanu? Bategereje ko tuzasubira kubasura, kandi bakeneye kumenya ukuri. Ngusezeranyije ko niturokoka, nzaba umubwiriza, nkabatizwa kandi nkaba umupayiniya! Yehova, dukize!”
Abasirikare babyumvise baratangaye. Hanyuma umwe aravuga ati “kubera isengesho ry’aka kana k’agakobwa, ntitubica. Nihagira abandi baza hano, mubabwire ko twahavuye.”b
IBINTU BIRUSHAHO KUBA BIBI
Uko ingabo za FPR zakomezaga gusatira umurwa mukuru wa Kigali, ni ko intambara yarushagaho gukara. Ibyo byatumaga Interahamwe zari zarihebye zica abantu benshi kurushaho.
Mu mugi hose no mu mahuriro y’imihanda yose hashyizweho za bariyeri zabaga ziriho abasirikare n’Interahamwe zitwaje intwaro zifatanyije n’abaturage. Abagabo bose bafite imbaraga bahatirwaga kujya gufasha Interahamwe kurinda bariyeri amanywa n’ijoro. Izo bariyeri zari zigamije gutahura Abatutsi bakabica.
Uko ubwicanyi bwakomezaga kwiyongera mu gihugu hose, abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bari batuye mu Rwanda bavuye mu ngo zabo. Benshi muri bo, hakubiyemo n’Abahamya ba Yehova, bahungiye muri Kongo no muri Tanzaniya.
BAHANGANYE N’INTAMBARA N’URUPFU
Inkuru zikurikira zigaragaza ibyabaye ku bavandimwe na bashiki bacu igihe bagwiririrwaga n’amahano. Wibuke ko Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Rwanda bari barahuye n’ibigeragezo bikaze mu myaka ya za 80. Ibyo bigeragezo byarabakomeje kandi bitunganya ukwizera kwabo, binatuma bagira ubutwari. Ukwizera kwabo kwatumye bakomeza ‘kutaba ab’isi,’ banga kwifatanya mu matora, kujya kuri za bariyeri no kwivanga muri politiki (Yoh 15:19). Ubutwari bwabo bwabafashije guhangana n’ingaruka z’uko banze kugira aho babogamira. Bagirwaga urw’amenyo, bagafungwa, bagatotezwa ndetse bakicwa. Iyo mico y’Abahamya ba Yehova yageragejwe hamwe n’urukundo bakundaga Imana na bagenzi babo, ntiyatumye banga kugira uruhare muri jenoside gusa, ahubwo nanone yatumye bemera gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga kugira ngo barinde bagenzi babo.
Hari inkuru nyinshi zitavuzwe aha ngaha. Abavandimwe benshi bahitamo kwibagirwa ibintu biteye ubwoba byababayeho, kuko badashaka kwihorera. Twiringiye ko inkuru y’ukwizera kwabo izadushishikariza twese kurushaho kugira urukundo rugaragaza ko turi abigishwa nyakuri ba Yesu Kristo.—Yoh 13:34, 35.
INKURU YA MUGABO NA CHANTAL
Mugabo Jean de Dieu (John), ni umuvandimwe uhorana akanyamuneza kandi wita ku bantu, akaba yaratangiye kwigana Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova mu mwaka wa 1982. Na mbere y’uko abatizwa mu mwaka wa 1984, yari yarafunzwe incuro eshatu azira ko ari Umuhamya wa Yehova. Umugore we Chantal, na we yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1984, maze mu mwaka wa 1987 barashyingiranwa. Igihe jenoside yatangiraga, bari bafite abana batatu b’abakobwa. Abana babiri bakuru bari baragiye mu giturage kwa nyirakuru, umwana umwe w’amezi atandatu ni we wari wasigaranye na Mugabo na Chantal.
Ku munsi wa mbere wa jenoside, ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, abasirikare n’Interahamwe batangiye gutera ingo zose z’Abatutsi. Bafashe Mugabo, baramukubita; ariko yashoboye kubacika ahura n’undi muvandimwe bahungira mu Nzu y’Ubwami yari hafi aho. Hagati aho Chantal utari wamenye ibyabaye ku mugabo we, yari yataye umutwe, agerageza kuva mu mugi ari kumwe n’umwana kugira ngo asange abandi bana babo babiri mu giturage.
Mugabo avuga ibyamubayeho agira ati “iyo Nzu y’Ubwami yari yarahoze itekerwamo imigati kandi yari ikirimo ifuru ifite umwenge munini wasohokeragamo umwotsi. Jye n’uwo muvandimwe twamaze icyumweru kimwe twihishe mu Nzu y’Ubwami, maze mushiki wacu w’Umuhutukazi yabona hari agahenge akatugemurira. Nyuma yaho byabaye ngombwa ko twihisha mu idari ry’inzu y’amabati, ku manywa izuba rikadutwika cyane. Twakoze uko dushoboye kose kugira ngo tubone ahantu heza twakwihisha, maze dukura amatafari ku munwa wa wa mwenge kugira ngo tuwinjiremo, kandi twakomeje kuwihishamo dusutamye mu gihe kirenga ukwezi.
Hafi aho, hari bariyeri kandi Interahamwe zakundaga kwinjira mu Nzu y’Ubwami zikaganiriramo cyangwa zikahugama imvura. Twumvaga ibyo zavugaga byose. Mushiki wacu yakomeje kutugemurira igihe cyose byabaga bishoboka. Hari igihe numvaga kwihangana bigiye kunanira, ariko twakomezaga gusenga dusaba imbaraga zo kwihangana. Amaherezo ku itariki ya 16 Gicurasi, mushiki wacu yaje kutubwira ko ingabo za FPR zari zafashe agace k’umugi twari turimo kandi ko twashoboraga kuva mu bwihisho.”
Hagati aho se byari byaragendekeye bite Chantal umugore wa Mugabo? Agira ati “ku itariki ya 8 Mata, nahunganye n’umwana wanjye mva mu rugo. Nahuye na bashiki bacu babiri, Immaculée wari ufite indangamuntu igaragaza ko ari Umuhutukazi, na Suzanne w’Umututsikazi. Twashakaga kujya mu Bugesera, ku birometero 50 uvuye i Kigali, akaba ari ho ababyeyi banjye babaga na ba bana banjye babiri. Icyakora twumvise ko mu mihanda yose iva mu mugi harimo za bariyeri, dufata umwanzuro wo kwerekeza mu mudugudu muto wari mu nkengero z’umugi wa Kigali, kwa Gahizi mwene wabo wa Immaculée na we wari Umuhamya wa Yehova. Gahizi wari Umuhutu yaratwakiriye, kandi yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo adufashe nubwo abaturanyi be bamushyiragaho iterabwoba. Abasirikare n’Interahamwe bamaze kumenya ko Gahizi yahishe Abatutsi, baramurashe.
“Abasirikare bamaze kwica Gahizi, baratumanuye batujyana ku ruzi bagiye kutwicirayo. Twategereje kwicwa dufite ubwoba bwinshi. Mu buryo butunguranye, havutse impaka nyinshi mu basirikare, maze umwe arababwira ati ‘ntimwice abagore batazadutera umwaku. Iki ni igihe cyo kwica abagabo gusa.’ Hanyuma umuvandimwe umwe wari wadukurikiye witwa Twahirwa André, wari umaze icyumweru kimwe abatijwe, yashoboye kutujyana iwe, nubwo abaturanyi be babyamaganye. Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, yaraduherekeje adusubiza i Kigali, aho yumvaga ko yatubonera ahantu hari umutekano. Yadufashije kunyura kuri bariyeri zari ziteje akaga cyane. Immaculée ni we wari uhetse umwana wanjye kugira ngo nibaramuka badufashe umwana arokoke. Jye na Suzanne twari twaciye indangamuntu zacu kugira ngo batamenya ubwoko bwacu.
“Hari bariyeri twagezeho, Interahamwe zikubita Immaculée, ziramubwira ziti ‘kuki ugendana n’aba Batutsikazi?’ Ntizemeye ko jye na Suzanne turenga iyo bariyeri. Bityo Immaculée na André barakomeje bajya kwa Rwakabubu. André n’abandi bavandimwe babiri, Simon na Mathias, barihaze baraza maze badufasha kurenga iyo bariyeri ya nyuma banjyana kwa Rwakabubu, naho Suzanne ajya kwa mwene wabo.
“Icyakora icyo gihe kuguma kwa Rwakabubu byari biteje akaga cyane, ariko abavandimwe bashoboye kunjyana ku Nzu y’Ubwami bibagoye cyane, mpasanga abandi Bahamya bari bahihishe. Icyo gihe, hari abavandimwe na bashiki bacu icumi b’Abatutsi hamwe n’abandi bari barahungiyeyo. Immaculée yakomeje kumbera indahemuka yanga kunsiga. Yarambwiye ati ‘nibakwica nkarokoka, nzarera umwana wawe.’”c
Hagati aho, umuvandimwe wari utuye hafi aho witwa Bimenyimana Védaste wari ufite umugore w’Umututsikazi, yari yarashoboye kugeza umuryango we ahantu hari umutekano. Hanyuma yagarutse gufasha abantu bari basigaye ku Nzu y’Ubwami, kugira ngo na bo bagere ahantu hafite umutekano. Igishimishije ni uko bose barokotse.
Nyuma ya jenoside, Mugabo na Chantal bamenye ko ababyeyi babo n’abakobwa babo babiri bari baragiye kwa nyirakuru, umwe wari ufite imyaka ibiri n’undi ufite itanu, bari bariciwe hamwe n’abandi bene wabo bagera ku 100. Gupfusha abantu bangana batyo babyakiriye bate? Chantal agira ati “mu mizo ya mbere, kubyihanganira byari bigoye. Twumvise tubaye ibinya. Hapfuye abantu benshi cyane birenze ubwenge. Twabirekeye mu maboko ya Yehova, kandi twiringiye ko tuzongera kubona abana bacu bazutse.”
BAMAZE IMINSI 75 BAHISHWE!
Seminega Tharcisse yabatirijwe muri Kongo mu mwaka wa 1983. Jenoside yabaye atuye i Butare mu Rwanda, ku birometero 120 uturutse i Kigali. Agira ati “indege ya perezida imaze guhanurirwa i Kigali, twumvise ko baciye iteka ko Abatutsi bose bagomba kwicwa. Abavandimwe babiri bagerageje kuduhungishiriza mu Burundi, ariko Interahamwe zari zafunze imihanda n’amayira yose.
“Twafungiwe mu rugo, kandi ntitwari tuzi aho twakwerekeza. Hari abasirikare bane bari barinze inzu yacu, kandi umwe yari yarashinze imbunda nini muri metero 180. Nasenze Yehova mutitiriza ndavuga nti ‘Yehova, nta cyo twakora ngo turokore amagara yacu. Ni wowe wenyine ushobora kudukiza!’ Ku mugoroba, hari umuvandimwe waje yiruka agana iwacu, afite ubwoba atinya ko batwishe. Abasirikare bamwemereye kwinjira mu nzu akamara iminota mike. Yahumurijwe no gusanga tukiri bazima, kandi yashoboye kujyana abana bacu babiri iwe mu rugo. Hanyuma yabwiye abavandimwe babiri, ari bo Rwagatore Justin na Nduwayezu Joseph, ko umuryango wanjye wari wihishe kandi ko twari dukeneye ko badufasha. Bahise baza nijoro bajyana umuryango wacu kwa Rwagatore, nubwo byari bigoye kandi biteje akaga.
“Kwa Rwagatore twahamaze igihe gito kubera ko ku munsi wakurikiyeho abantu bamenye ko ari ho twari twihishe. Kuri uwo munsi, umugabo witwa Vincent yaje kutuburira atubwira ko Interahamwe zarimo zitegura kugaba igitero zikatwica. Uwo mugabo yari yarigeze kwigana Bibiliya na Justin, nubwo yari atarafatana ukuri uburemere. Vincent yatugiriye inama yo kwihisha mu gihuru cyo hafi yo kwa Justin. Hanyuma yagarutse nijoro, atujyana iwe. Yaduhishe mu kazu gato ka muviringo kabagamo ihene. Kari kubakishije ibyondo, katarimo sima, gashakajwe ibikenyeri, kandi nta madirishya kari gafite.
“Ako kazu kari hafi y’ihuriro ry’imihanda, muri metero nke uvuye ku isoko ryari rikomeye muri ako karere, kandi iyo bwacyaga twumvaga butari bwire, bwakwira tukumva butari bucye. Twumvaga abantu banyuraga hafi aho bavuga ibyo babaga bakoze uwo munsi, bakavuga n’inkuru ziteye ubwoba z’abantu babaga bishe n’imigambi y’ibyo babaga bateganya kuzakora. Ibyo byose byatumaga turushaho kugira ubwoba, kandi tugakomeza gusenga dusaba kurokoka.
“Vincent yakoze uko ashoboye kose atwitaho. Twahamaze ukwezi, ariko mu mpera za Gicurasi, Interahamwe zahungaga ziva i Kigali zatangiye kugera muri ako gace, kandi kuguma aho hantu byari biteje akaga cyane. Abavandimwe bafashe umwanzuro wo kutwimurira mu nzu y’umuvandimwe wari waracukuye akumba ko kubikamo ibintu munsi y’inzu ye. Muri uwo mwobo yari yarahishemo abavandimwe batatu. Kugira ngo tugereyo, twitwikiriye ijoro maze dukora urugendo ruteje akaga rw’amasaha ane n’igice ku maguru. Muri iryo joro haguye imvura nyinshi, kandi iyo mvura yatubereye umugisha kuko yatumye abicanyi batatubona.
“Ubwo bwihisho bushya bwari umwobo wa metero imwe n’igice, ufite urugi rw’imbaho. Kugira ngo tugere muri uwo mwobo, twamanukiraga ku rwego twagera hasi tukagenda dukambakamba tukagera ku kumba ka metero ebyiri kuri ebyiri. Hanukaga uruhumbu, kandi kageragamo urumuri ruke cyane rwanyuraga mu kenge kari mu rukuta. Jye n’umugore wanjye Chantal n’abana bacu batanu, twabanye n’abandi bantu batatu muri ako kumba. Twese uko twari icumi twamaze ibyumweru bitandatu muri uwo mwobo uteye ubwoba. Ntitwigeze tugerageza no gucana buji, kuko ibyo byari gutuma abantu bamenya ko turimo. Icyakora Yehova yadufashije muri izo ngorane zose n’imibabaro twanyuzemo. Abavandimwe baharaga amagara yabo bakatuzanira ibyokurya n’imiti kandi bakatubwira amagambo adukomeza. Hari igihe twashoboraga gucana buji ku manywa kugira ngo dusome Bibiliya, Umunara w’Umurinzi cyangwa dufate isomo ry’umunsi.”
Tharcisse akomeza agira ati “nta nkuru itagira iherezo. Iyi nkuru yacu yageze ku iherezo tariki ya 5 Nyakanga 1994. Vincent yatubwiye ko umugi wa Butare wari wafashwe n’ingabo za FPR. Igihe twasohokaga mu mwobo twari twihishemo, abantu bamwe ntibemeye ko twari Abanyarwanda, bitewe n’uko uruhu rwacu rwari rwarerurutse kuko tutabonaga urumuri rw’izuba. Nanone twamaze igihe tudashobora kuvuga mu ijwi riranguruye; twavugaga twongorera gusa. Byadusabye ibyumweru byinshi kugira ngo twongere tube abantu.
“Ibyo byose byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mugore wanjye wari umaze imyaka icumi yose yaranze kwigana Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Ariko icyo gihe yatangiye kwiga Bibiliya. Iyo abantu bamubazaga impamvu, yarabasubizaga ati ‘urukundo abavandimwe batugaragarije n’ukuntu batwitangiye kugira ngo badukize, ni byo byankoze ku mutima. Nanone niboneye ukuntu ukuboko kwa Yehova gufite imbaraga, kuko yadukijije imihoro y’abicanyi.’ Yiyeguriye Yehova, maze abatizwa mu ikoraniro rya mbere ryabaye nyuma y’intambara.
“Twumva turimo umwenda abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bose bagize uruhare mu kuturokora, binyuze ku bikorwa byabo n’amasengesho yabo avuye ku mutima. Twiboneye urukundo rwabo rwimbitse kandi ruzira uburyarya, rurenga imipaka y’amoko.”
UWAFASHIJE NA WE YARAFASHIJWE
Rwagatore Justin, umwe mu bavandimwe bafashije umuryango w’umuvandimwe Seminega kurokoka, nyuma y’igihe na we yari akeneye gufashwa. Yari yarafunzwe mu mwaka wa 1986 azira ko yanze kwivanga muri politiki y’ubutegetsi bwariho icyo gihe. Hashize imyaka runaka Rwagatore ahishe umuryango w’umuvandimwe Seminega, we n’abandi bavandimwe bongeye gufungwa bazira kutabogama. Umuvandimwe Seminega yari umwe mu bavandimwe bagiye kureba abayobozi, bakabasobanurira uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwara ku birebana na politiki. Yasobanuriye abayobozi ko Rwagatore yagize uruhare rukomeye mu kurokora umuryango we. Ibyo byatumye abavandimwe bose bafungurwa.
Urugero rw’ukuntu abavandimwe bacu bitwaye muri jenoside, rwatumye abandi bemera ukuri. Suzanne Lizinde yari Umugatolika uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 65, kandi yiboneye ukuntu idini rye ryashyigikiye jenoside. Ukuntu Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu karere k’iwabo bitwaye muri jenoside hamwe n’urukundo bagaragarizanya, byatumye agira amajyambere mu buryo bwihuse. Suzanne yabatijwe muri Mutarama 1998, kandi kuva icyo gihe ntiyigeze asiba amateraniro y’itorero nubwo byamusabaga gukora urugendo rw’ibirometero 5 ku maguru azamuka imisozi. Nanone yafashije abagize umuryango we kwiga ukuri. Ubu umwe mu bahungu be ni umusaza w’itorero, kandi umwe mu buzukuru be ni umukozi w’itorero.
ABANTU BABARIRWA MU BIHUMBI AMAGANA BAHUNGA
Henk van Bussel, akaba ari umumisiyonari wari waroherejwe mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1992, yahungishirijwe muri Kenya muri Mata 1994, ariko nyuma yaho yagiye akora ingendo akajya i Goma mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo gufasha mu birebana no guha imfashanyo impunzi z’Abanyarwanda. Ku ruhande rwa Kongo, abavandimwe bajyaga ku mupaka bafite ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, bakaririmba indirimbo z’Ubwami mu magambo cyangwa mu kivugirizo kugira ngo Abahamya bo mu Rwanda bamenye abavandimwe babo.
Abantu bose bari barahiye ubwoba. Mu gihe imirwano yari igikomeza hagati y’ingabo za leta n’iza FPR, abantu babariwa mu bihumbi amagana bahungiye muri Kongo no muri Tanzaniya. Abavandimwe bahungiraga i Goma, bahuriraga ku Nzu y’Ubwami. Nyuma yaho, mu nkengero z’uwo mugi hashinzwe inkambi y’impunzi yari kwakira abantu barenga 2.000, yari igenewe gusa Abahamya ba Yehova n’abana babo n’abantu bashimishijwe. Abavandimwe bashinze izindi nkambi nk’iyo mu tundi duce two mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo.
Mu gihe izindi mpunzi zari zigizwe ahanini n’Abahutu zatinyaga ko abandi bazihorera, abavandimwe b’Abahutu n’Abatutsi bo bahungiye hamwe. Kwambutsa Abatutsi ku mupaka bajya i Goma byari biteje akaga kuko ibikorwa byo kwica Abatutsi byari bigikomeza. Hari igihe kwambutsa abavandimwe b’Abatutsi byari amadolari 100 ku muntu.
Abavandimwe bageze muri Kongo, bifuzaga gukomeza kubana. Ntibifuzaga kugira aho bahurira n’Interahamwe zari zigikomeza ibikorwa byazo mu nkambi zashyizweho n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye. Byongeye kandi, abenshi mu mpunzi batari Abahamya bari bashyigikiye leta yari imaze gutsindwa. Izo mpunzi, cyane cyane Interahamwe, zangaga Abahamya ba Yehova kubera ko batari barafatanyije na zo. Abavandimwe bifuzaga gukomeza kwitandukanya na zo, kugira ngo bashobore kurinda abavandimwe babo b’Abatutsi.
Kubera ko abari bahunze bava mu Rwanda bari basize ibyabo, bari bakeneye imfashanyo. Iyo mfashanyo yatanzwe n’Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Bubiligi, Kongo, Kenya, u Bufaransa n’u Busuwisi, ikaba yari igizwe n’amafaranga, imiti, ibiribwa n’imyambaro ndetse n’abaganga n’abaforomo. Indege ya mbere yazanye imfashanyo zirimo amahema mato menshi yari yoherejwe n’ibiro by’ishami byo mu Bufaransa. Nyuma yaho ibiro by’ishami byo mu Bubiligi byohereje amahema manini yashoboraga guturamo umuryango wose. Nanone byohereje udutanda dukunjwa na matora z’umwuka. Ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya byohereje toni zirenga ebyiri z’imyambaro n’ibiringiti birenga 2.000.
ICYOREZO CYA KORERA
Abahamya n’abashimishijwe barenga 1.000 bamaze guhunga bakava mu Rwanda, babaye ku Nzu y’Ubwami y’i Goma no mu kibanza cyari kibangikanye na yo. Ikibabaje ni uko ubwinshi bw’impunzi bwatumye i Goma hatera icyorezo cya korera. Ibiro by’ishami by’i Kinshasa muri Kongo byahise byohereza imiti yo guhashya icyo cyorezo kandi umuvandimwe Van Bussel yafashe indege ava i Nairobi ajya i Goma afite amakarito 60 y’imiti. Iyo Nzu y’Ubwami yabaye ibitaro mu gihe gito, kandi hafashwe ingamba kugira ngo abanduye korera bashyirwe ukwabo. Loic Domalain n’undi muvandimwe, bombi bakaba ari abaganga, hamwe na Habimana Aimable, akaba yari umufasha w’abaganga mu Rwanda, bitanze batizigamye. Umuvandimwe Hamel wo mu Bufaransa, na we yatanze ubufasha cyane muri ibyo bibazo byose, kimwe n’abandi bavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi bari bazi ibijyanye n’ubuvuzi bitanze bakaza kwita ku barwayi.
Nubwo hashyizweho imihati myinshi yo kwirinda icyo cyorezo, abavandimwe n’abashimishijwe basaga 150 baranduye kandi abagera kuri 40 bapfuye mbere y’uko icyo cyorezo gikumirwa. Nyuma yaho, bakodesheje isambu nini yashyizwemo inkambi y’impunzi z’Abahamya ba Yehova. Hashinzwe amahema mato abarirwa mu magana, maze ihema rinini ryari ryavuye muri Kenya barigira ibitaro. Abaganga bo muri Amerika basuye iyo nkambi batangajwe n’isuku na gahunda byari biyirimo.
Byageze mu ntangiriro za Kanama 1994, komite ishinzwe ubutabazi y’i Goma yita ku mpunzi 2.274 z’Abahamya, abana n’abantu bashimishijwe. Nanone hari izindi mpunzi nyinshi z’abavandimwe zari i Bukavu na Uvira mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo, izindi ziri mu Burundi. Abandi 230 bari mu nkambi y’impunzi yo muri Tanzaniya.
Igihe abavandimwe bo mu biro by’ubuhinduzi by’i Kigali bahungiraga i Goma, bakodesheje inzu kugira ngo bakomeze umurimo w’ubuhinduzi. Abavandimwe bashoboye gukomeza uwo murimo kubera ko bari barashoboye guhungana orudinateri n’imashini itanga amashanyarazi.
I Goma nta telefoni yahabaga, habe n’iposita. Icyakora hari Abahamya bakoraga ku kibuga cy’indege bafashije abavandimwe, buri cyumweru bakajya bohereza ibyo bahinduye n’andi mabaruwa, indege ikabivana i Goma ikabijyana i Nairobi. Abavandimwe bo ku biro by’ishami byo muri Kenya na bo babigenzaga batyo.
Ngirente Emmanuel n’abandi bahinduzi babiri bakomeje gukora uko bashoboye kose ngo bahindure nubwo bitari byoroshye. Hari ingingo z’Umunara w’Umurinzi basimbutse bitewe n’intambara, ariko nyuma yaho izo ngingo bari barasimbutse zaje guhindurwa zishyirwa mu gatabo kihariye maze abavandimwe baziga mu Cyigisho cy’Igitabo cy’Itorero.
IMIBEREHO YO MU NKAMBI
Igihe abantu bari bagihunga bava i Kigali, Francine wari warahungiye i Goma nyuma y’aho umugabo we Ananie amariye kwicwa, yimuriwe muri imwe mu nkambi zari zarashyizweho n’Abahamya. Asobanura uko bari babayeho mu nkambi, agira ati “buri munsi hari abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bahabwaga inshingano yo guteka. Mu gitondo twatekaga igikoma cy’ingano cyangwa ibigori. Nanone twatekaga ibyokurya bya saa sita. Iyo twabaga turangije imirimo, twajyaga kubwiriza. Ahanini twabwirizaga abantu batari Abahamya babaga mu nkambi yacu n’ababaga hanze y’inkambi. Icyakora hashize igihe, Interahamwe zari mu zindi nkambi zarakajwe no kubona Abahamya baba mu nkambi zitandukanye n’iz’izindi mpunzi, maze ibintu birushaho kuba bibi.”
Byageze mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1994 bigaragara neza ko abavandimwe bashoboraga gusubira mu Rwanda nta kibazo. Gusubira mu Rwanda ni byo byari bikwiriye kubera ko inkambi zo muri Kongo z’abatari Abahamya zarimo umutekano muke. Ariko gutaha byari bigoye. Interahamwe zibwiraga ko zari zigiye kwisuganya zigatera u Rwanda, kandi zabonaga ko umuntu wese wavaga muri Kongo agasubira mu Rwanda yabaga azitabye mu nama.
Abavandimwe bamenyesheje ubutegetsi bwo mu Rwanda ko Abahamya ba Yehova batari baragize uruhare mu ntambara na jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, kandi ko bifuzaga gutaha. Leta yabagiriye inama yo kubivuganaho n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Ryita ku Mpunzi (HCR), kuko ryari rifite imodoka zashoboraga gukoreshwa mu kubacyura. Icyakora, abavandimwe bagombye gukoresha amayeri kubera ko Interahamwe zitari kubemerera gutaha.
Abavandimwe batangaje ko hari ikoraniro ryihariye ryagombaga kubera i Goma, bategura ibyapa by’iryo koraniro. Hanyuma bamenyesheje abavandimwe mu ibanga gahunda yo gusubira mu Rwanda. Kugira ngo hatagira ubakeka amababa, abavandimwe basabwe gusiga ibintu byabo byose mu nkambi, bakajyana Bibiliya n’ibitabo by’indirimbo gusa, mbese nk’abagiye mu ikoraniro.
Francine yibuka ko bakoze urugendo rw’amasaha runaka ku maguru hanyuma bakagera aho amakamyo yari abategerereje kugira ngo abajyane ku mupaka. Ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda, HCR yari yiteguye kubageza i Kigali ikazanakomeza ibageza mu turere tw’iwabo. Nguko uko abavandimwe hafi ya bose n’imiryango yabo hamwe n’abantu bari bashimishijwe bagarutse mu Rwanda mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1994. Ikinyamakuru cyo mu Bubiligi cyagize kiti “impunzi z’Abanyarwanda 1.500 zafashe icyemezo cyo kuva muri Zayire (Kongo) kubera ko zumvaga zidafite umutekano uhagije. Izo mpunzi ni Abahamya ba Yehova bari barashyizeho inkambi yabo bonyine ruguru y’inkambi ya Katale. Abahamya ba Yehova batotejwe cyane n’ubutegetsi bwahozeho, bubahora ko banze gufata intwaro no kwivanga muri politiki.”—Le Soir yo ku itariki ya 3 Ukuboza 1994.
Francine amaze kugaruka mu Rwanda, yashoboye kujya mu ikoraniro ry’intara i Nairobi. Francine yifatanyije n’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bituma ahumurizwa kubera ko yari yarapfushije umugabo, kandi yarubatswe. Hanyuma yagarutse ku biro by’ubuhinduzi byari byarongeye gushyirwaho i Kigali. Nyuma yaho yashakanye na Ngirente Emmanuel, kandi bakomeje gukora ku biro by’ishami.
Ni iki cyafashije Francine kwihanganira ibintu yahuye na byo mu ntambara? Agira ati “icyo gihe twari dufite igitekerezo kimwe cy’uko twagombaga kwihangana kugeza ku iherezo. Twiyemeje kudakomeza kwibanda ku bintu biteye ubwoba byabaye. Nibuka amagambo ahumuriza aboneka muri Habakuki 3:17-19, avuga ukuntu umuntu yabona ibyishimo mu bihe bigoye. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu banteye inkunga cyane. Bamwe banyandikiye amabaruwa. Ibyo byamfashije gukomeza kurangwa n’icyizere no gukomera mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nibukaga ko Satani afite amayeri menshi. Iyo dukomeje kwibanda ku bibazo bimwe, dushobora kugushwa n’ibindi tutiteguye. Tutabaye maso, dushobora kugira intege nke mu buryo butandukanye.”
BAGARUKA MU RWANDA
Umuvandimwe Van Bussel yafashije cyane abavandimwe bagarukaga mu Rwanda. Agira ati “nyuma y’intambara hashyizweho gahunda yo gufasha abavandimwe kongera gutangira ubuzima, hakubiyemo n’abari barasigaye mu Rwanda, kuko bari baratakaje ibintu byabo hafi ya byose. Hashyizweho abavandimwe bagombaga gusura amatorero yose bakareba ibyari bikenewe. Imiryango ndetse n’abantu ku giti cyabo bahawe imfashanyo hakurikijwe ibyo bari bakeneye. Abavandimwe basobanukiwe ko nyuma y’amezi atatu bagombaga kwirwanaho.”
Birumvikana ariko ko ibyo abavandimwe bari bakeneye mu buryo bw’umwuka ari byo byashyizwe imbere. Abahinduzi na bo bagarutse aho bari barahoze bakorera i Kigali. Umuvandimwe Van Bussel yibuka ko inzu yari yarahoze ari ibiro yari yaratobaguwe n’amasasu, ariko ko ibitabo byari muri depo hafi ya byose byari bigihari. Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, babonye amasasu mu makarito y’ibitabo. Hari n’umuhinduzi wabonye gerenade mu busitani! Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1995, ikipi y’ubuhinduzi yimukiye mu nzu nini kurushaho kandi ikwiriye yari mu rundi ruhande rw’umugi. Iyo nzu yakodeshwaga yari irimo ibiro n’amacumbi, yakomeje gukoreshwa kugeza igihe ibiro bishya by’ishami byubakiwe mu mwaka wa 2006.
“BYARI BIMEZE NK’UMUZUKO!”
Byageze mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1994, abavandimwe hafi ya bose baramaze kugaruka bava muri Kongo, kandi bari biteguye ikoraniro ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe ukwiriye wagiraga uti “Gutinya Imana.” Ryari riteganyijwe ko ryagombaga kubera kuri imwe mu Nzu z’Ubwami y’i Kigali. Abavandimwe bo mu Bufaransa, Kenya na Uganda bari barijemo. Kuwa Gatanu mu gitondo kuri iyo Nzu y’Ubwami hari huzuye abavandimwe. Hari mushiki wacu wibuka uko byari bimeze agira ati “kubona abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bahoberana amarira abazenga mu maso, byakoraga ku mutima rwose. Bwari ubwa mbere bahuye kuva intambara yatangira. Babonanaga n’incuti zabo batekerezaga ko zari zarapfuye!” Hari undi wagize ati “byari bimeze nk’umuzuko!”
Günter Reschke yari umwe mu bavandimwe bari baturutse muri Kenya. Yagize ati “abavandimwe bari bashimishijwe cyane no kongera guhura nyuma y’ingorane zose banyuzemo no kongera kubona abari bararokotse! Icyakora havutse ikibazo. Abategetsi batewe impungenge no kubona abantu benshi cyane bateraniye hamwe. Mu ma saa sita, abasirikare bitwaje intwaro baraje, bavuga ko iryo koraniro risheshwe kubera ko umutekano utari wizewe. Twagombaga guhita tuva aho hantu. Twamaze igihe dutera incuti zacu inkunga mu buryo bwa bwite, ariko amaherezo byabaye ngombwa ko dusubira i Nairobi, tugenda tubabajwe n’uko abavandimwe batashoboye gukurikirana porogaramu y’ikoraniro. Icyakora nubwo ibyo byari urucantege, twumvaga twakoze ibishoboka byose kuko twateye abavandimwe inkunga yo gukomeza kugendera mu byo kwizera, kandi twatashye twiringiye ko bari biyemeje kubigenza batyo.”
Amahoro amaze kugaruka mu gihugu, abantu benshi babaga hanze y’igihugu bafashe umwanzuro wo gutaha. Nanone hari abari baravukiye hanze y’u Rwanda nyuma y’aho ababyeyi babo bahungiye bitewe n’imvururu zishingiye ku moko na politiki zabaye mu mpera y’imyaka ya za 50 no mu myaka ya za 60, bagarutse mu gihugu. Byongeye kandi, mu batahutse harimo n’abari baramenyeye ukuri mu bindi bihugu. Urugero, Munyaburanga James n’umuryango we bayobotse ugusenga kutanduye baba muri Santarafurika. Kubera ko ubutegetsi bushya bwo mu Rwanda bwahaga abantu batahutse akazi muri leta, umuvandimwe Munyaburanga na we yahawe akazi. Icyakora amaze kugaruka mu Rwanda, bene wabo n’abakozi bakoranaga baramurwanyije kandi baramunnyega, bamuhora ko yari yarahisemo kugendera ku mahame ya gikristo. Amaherezo yaje gusaba ikiruhuko cy’izabukuru hakiri kare, yibera umupayiniya w’igihe cyose. Ubu ni umwe mu bavugizi b’umuteguro wo mu Rwanda.
Ngirabakunzi Mashariki yamenye ukuri aba mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Yagize ati “kubera ko nari Umututsi, namaze imyaka myinshi mpanganye n’ikibazo cy’ivangura. Igihe namenyanaga n’Abahamya ba Yehova, numvise ari nk’aho ngeze mu yindi si! Byari igitangaza kwifatanya n’abantu bafatana ibintu uburemere kandi bakabaho bahuje n’ibyo bigisha. Urwo rukundo rwarushijeho kwigaragaza mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu mwaka wa 1994. Abavandimwe bahishe umuryango wanjye kandi baraturinda. Nagiye gukora kuri Beteli mu mwaka wa 1998, aho ngikorera ndi kumwe n’umugore wanjye Emerance. Ntegerezanyije amatsiko isi nshya, aho urwikekwe rwose n’ivangura bizaba ari inkuru ishaje, kandi isi yose ikazaba ituwe n’abantu bambaza izina rya Yehova kandi babana bunze ubumwe.”
UMURIMO WONGERA KUJYA MBERE
Muri Werurwe 1994 mbere gato y’intambara, mu Rwanda hari ababwiriza 2.500. Nubwo ababwiriza benshi bishwe muri jenoside, muri Gicurasi 1995, habaye ukwiyongera gushya kw’ababwiriza, bagera ku 2.807. Abantu b’imitima itaryarya baganaga umuteguro wa Yehova ari benshi. Urugero, hari mushiki wacu w’umupayiniya wa bwite wari ufite abantu barenga 22 yigishaga Bibiliya, kandi hari n’abandi benshi babaga bategereje ko abigisha! Umugenzuzi w’akarere yagize ati “intambara yatumye abantu babona ko kwiruka inyuma y’ubutunzi nta cyo bimaze.”
Muri Mutarama 1996, abavandimwe bagize ikoraniro ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abasingiza Imana bishimye.” Mbega ukuntu iryo koraniro ryari rishimishije! Kubera ko ikoraniro ryo mu mwaka wabanje ryari ryaraburijwemo, iryo koraniro ryari irya mbere ribaye nyuma y’intambara. Hari umuntu wavuze ibyo yabonye agira ati “abantu bahoberanaga barira, ariko icyari gishishikaje by’umwihariko, ni ukubona abavandimwe na bashiki bacu b’Abahutu n’Abatutsi bahoberana.” Hateranye abantu 4.424, habatizwa 285. Umuvandimwe Reschke agira ati “kumva abari biteguye kubatizwa basubiza ibibazo bibiri mu ijwi riranguruye bati ‘yego!’ byari bishimishije cyane. Batonze umurongo mu kibuga bategereje kubatizwa, banyagirwa n’imvura nyinshi. Ariko ibyo nta cyo byari bibabwiye. Mbese ni nk’aho bavugaga bati ‘n’ubundi turi butohe!’”
Henk van Bussel yagarutse mu Rwanda, naho Günter Reschke wari waraje gufasha abavandimwe kongera gutangira umurimo, yasabwe kuhaguma burundu. Bidatinze, Godfrey na Jennie Bint na bo bagarutse mu Rwanda.
BABONYE UMWANA WABO WARI WARABUZE!
Mu myaka yakurikiye intambara, imiryango myinshi yongeye guhura n’abayo bari baraburanye. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1994, igihe imirwano yakaraga mu mugi wa Kigali, abantu bahunze ari benshi, maze umuvurungano wari uhari utuma Murinda Oreste aburana n’umugore we, maze ahungana n’umuhungu we wari ufite imyaka ibiri n’igice, ajya i Gitarama. Oreste yagiye gushaka ibyokurya, imirwano yubura ataragaruka, nuko aburana n’umwana we.
Intambara irangiye, Oreste yongeye guhura n’umugore we, ariko umwana wabo yari ataraboneka. Batekereje ko yari yarapfuye. Ariko hashize imyaka irenga ibiri, hari umugabo utari Umuhamya waje gushaka akazi i Kigali avuye mu giturage. Yahuye n’abavandimwe, aza kubabwira ko hari abantu yari aturanye na bo i Gisenyi bari barabuze abana babo mu ntambara, ariko bakaba barareraga umwana w’imfubyi. Uwo mwana yibukaga izina rya se, kandi yavugaga ko ababyeyi be bari Abahamya ba Yehova. Abavandimwe bamenye iryo zina, babibwira ababyeyi b’uwo mwana, na bo bereka uwo mugabo amafoto y’umwana wabo. Yari umuhungu wabo koko! Oreste yahise ajya kumuzana, nuko bongera kubonana n’umwana wabo nyuma y’imyaka ibiri n’igice! Ubu uwo mwana ni umubwiriza wabatijwe.
Birashishikaje kumenya ko abavandimwe bitaye ku bana bose barokotse igihe ababyeyi babo b’Abahamya bapfaga. Nta n’umwe muri abo bana wajyanywe mu bigo by’imfubyi. Hari n’abavandimwe bareze imfubyi z’abaturanyi babo cyangwa iza bene wabo. Hari umugabo n’umugore we bari bafite abana icumi, ariko bakiriye izindi mfubyi icumi barazirera.
UMUTEKANO WONGERA KUBA MUKE MU MAJYARUGURU
Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1996, intambara yateye muri Kongo yatumye gucunga umutekano mu nkambi zari zikirimo impunzi z’Abanyarwanda zirenga miriyoni birushaho kugorana. Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo, impunzi zahatiwe gusubira mu Rwanda, cyangwa zigahungira mu mashyamba ya Kongo. Impunzi hafi ya zose zaratahutse, hakubiyemo n’abavandimwe batari baratashye mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1994. Kubona ikivunge cy’abantu, abato n’abakuru bagenda n’amaguru mu mihanda y’i Kigali bambaye imyenda yuzuyeho ivumbi n’uturago ku mutwe, ni ibintu bitazibagirana. Izo mpunzi zose zagombaga gusubira ku misozi y’iwabo zikibaruza. Hashize igihe umutekano warakajijwe.
Ikibabaje ariko, ni uko hari abantu benshi babi batahukanye n’impunzi, hakubiyemo na bamwe mu Nterahamwe, nyuma yaho baje kwifatanya mu bikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’igihugu. Ibyo byatumye leta yoherezayo ingabo kugira ngo zigarure umutekano. Hari abavandimwe bacu benshi babaga muri ako karere, kandi gukomeza kutagira aho babogamira byababereye ikibazo cy’ingorabahizi. Hagati y’umwaka wa 1997 na 1998 hapfuye ababwiriza barenga 100, akenshi bazira ko bakomeje kuba indahemuka, ntibagire aho babogamira. Hari igihe ako karere kabaga karimo umutekano muke cyane ku buryo abagenzuzi b’akarere batashoboraga gusura amatorero yaho buri gihe.
UMUGABO N’UMUGORE BARANGWA N’UBUTWARI
Munyampundu Théobald n’umugore we Berancille, ni umwe mu bagenzuzi b’akarere bake bashoboye gusura amatorero yo muri ako karere muri icyo gihe cy’umutekano muke. Ntibwari ubwa mbere bahura n’akaga. Théobald yabatijwe mu mwaka wa 1984, kandi hashize imyaka ibiri nyuma yaho, yafunganywe n’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi, kandi yarakubiswe cyane. Nanone we n’umugore we bari barahaze amagara yabo bahisha abandi muri jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bamaze gukiza umwana w’ingimbi nyina amaze kwicwa muri jenoside, bashoboye kwambuka umupaka bahungira muri Tanzaniya. Bagezeyo, Théobald yasuye inkambi ebyiri z’impunzi i Benaco na Karagwe kugira ngo atere abavandimwe inkunga, nubwo urugendo rwo hagati y’izo nkambi rwari ruteje akaga cyane bitewe n’amabandi.
Théobald n’umugore we bamaze kugaruka mu Rwanda, bongeye gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga basura Abahamya bo mu karere k’amajyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’igihugu karimo umutekano muke. Théobald yagize ati “rimwe na rimwe twasuraga amatorero ya kure. Ntitwashoboraga kurara muri ayo matorero bitewe n’umutekano muke. Ndibuka ko igihe twari twasuye itorero rimwe mu gihe cy’imvura, twakoraga urugendo rw’amasaha ane ku maguru tunyagirwa tugiye gusura abavandimwe, hanyuma nimugoroba tugakora urundi rugendo rw’amasaha ane tugaruka aho twari ducumbitse.”
Théobald yavuze iby’umuvandimwe yahuye na we igihe yari yasuye itsinda ryitaruye ryo muri ako karere, agira ati “Jean-Pierre ni impumyi, ariko natangajwe no kubona ahaguruka akajya gusoma Bibiliya mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi, akavuga mu mutwe ibyagombaga gusomwa nta kosa, kandi akubahiriza utwatuzo! Yari yasabye umuvandimwe uzi gusoma neza aramusomera, na we abifata mu mutwe. Natewe inkunga rwose n’imihati ashyiraho.”
Iyo Théobald atekereje ku mibereho ye yaranzwe n’ibikorwa byinshi, rimwe na rimwe akanyura mu mimerere iteje akaga, agira ati “muri ibyo bihe bikomeye byose, twiringiraga Yehova, kandi incuro nyinshi twatekerezaga ku magambo yo mu Baheburayo 13:6, agira ati ‘Yehova ni we umfasha, sinzatinya. Umuntu yantwara iki?’” Théobald yabaye umugenzuzi w’akarere n’uw’intara asohoza inshingano ze mu budahemuka, none ubu we n’umugore we bakomeje gukora umurimo ari abapayiniya ba bwite, nubwo bafite ibibazo by’uburwayi.
UMUSHINGA WO KUBAKA INZU Y’AMAKORANIRO
Abahamya bamaze kuba benshi, kubona ahantu hakwiriye muri Kigali habera amakoraniro byarushijeho kugorana. Urugero, hari ikoraniro ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Intumwa z’amahoro y’Imana” ryari ryabereye muri sitade mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1996, ariko ruhurura yanyuragamo imyanda yo muri gereza yo hafi aho, yararibangamiye cyane. Abavandimwe binubiye umunuko wari uhari, kandi ababyeyi batinyaga ko abana babo bahandurira indwara. Abari bagize Komite y’Igihugu bose, bamaze kubona ukuntu aho hantu hari habi, bafashe umwanzuro w’uko iryo ryari ikoraniro ry’intara rya nyuma bagiriye muri iyo sitade. Ariko se amakoraniro yari kujya abera he?
Minisiteri y’Ubutaka yari yarahaye rimwe mu matorero y’i Kigali ikibanza cyo kubakamo Inzu y’Ubwami. Icyo kibanza cyari kinini cyane kandi iyo abavandimwe batanga igishushanyo mbonera cy’Inzu y’Ubwami gusa, minisiteri yashoboraga kugabanya icyo kibanza ikagihaho undi muntu. Bityo abavandimwe biringiye Yehova, maze batanga igishushanyo mbonera cy’Inzu y’Ubwami n’Inzu y’Amakoraniro yoroheje, kandi bateganya kuzubaka indi Nzu y’Ubwami nyuma yaho. Abayobozi bemeye uwo mushinga.
Abavandimwe bashije icyo kibanza kandi barakizitira. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu babarirwa mu magana bitangiye gusiza icyo kibanza kandi bacukura imisarani miremire. Bari babonye ikibanza cyiza kiri ahantu hegutse, mbese hakwiranye rwose n’amakoraniro.
Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, abavandimwe bahakoreye amakoraniro abiri n’iteraniro ryihariye, ariko imiyaga ikaze n’imvura byatumaga abateranye bihindira munsi y’amahema abandi bakitwikira imitaka. Hanyuma, Inteko Nyobozi yagejejweho icyifuzo cyo kubaka Inzu y’Amakoraniro yoroheje idafite inkuta.
Muri Werurwe 1998, Inteko Nyobozi yatanze uburenganzira bwo kubaka iyo Nzu y’Amakoraniro. Imyiteguro yahise itangira. Mu gihe cyose uwo mushinga w’ubwubatsi wamaze, abagize imiryango bose bakoreraga hamwe bacukura imisingi yo kuzashingamo ibyuma. Bose bakoraga bafatanye urunana bunze ubumwe. Ku itariki ya 6 Werurwe 1999, Jean-Jules Guilloud wo ku biro by’ishami byo mu Busuwisi yatanze disikuru yo kwegurira Yehova iyo nzu nshya yari imeze neza.
Byageze mu mwaka wa 1999 umutekano waragarutse mu gihugu hose. Muri Gashyantare muri uwo mwaka, abamisiyonari bashya, ari bo Ralph na Jennifer Jones, boherejwe gukorera umurimo ku biro byo mu Rwanda, maze abagize umuryango wa Beteli baba 21.
Abavandimwe babiri b’Abanyarwanda bari barahawe impamyabumenyi mu Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo (ubu ryitwa Ishuri rya Bibiliya ry’Abavandimwe b’Abaseribateri) ry’i Kinshasa muri Kongo, ku birometero bigera ku 1.600 uvuye mu Rwanda. Icyakora intambara yari muri Kongo yatumye Abanyarwanda badashobora kujya i Kinshasa mu buryo bworoshye. Ibyo byatumye Inteko Nyobozi yemera ko Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Imirimo ryazajya ribera i Kigali. Abanyeshuri 28 bo mu Burundi, Kongo n’u Rwanda bize mu ishuri rya mbere, bahawe impamyabumenyi mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 2000.
Muri Gicurasi 2000, u Rwanda rwabaye ishami, maze bidatinze abavandimwe babona ikibanza cyiza cyo kubakamo ibiro by’ishami kugira ngo byite ku murimo wakomezaga kwaguka mu buryo bwihuse. Muri Mata 2001 baguze ikibanza cya hegitari ebyiri. Abavandimwe benshi b’i Kigali ntibazibagirwa akazi gakomeye bakoze batema ibihuru byari muri icyo kibanza cyari kimaze imyaka myinshi nta muntu uhakandagira.
IKIRUNGA CYO MU BURASIRAZUBA BWA KONGO KIRUKA
Ku itariki ya 17 Mutarama 2002 ikirunga cya Nyiragongo, kiri ku birometero 16 uvuye i Goma mu burasirazuba ba Kongo, cyatangiye kuruka maze abantu benshi bo muri ako karere bava mu byabo. Abenshi mu babwiriza bagera ku 1.600 bo muri ako gace bahunze bari kumwe n’abana babo n’abashimishijwe bambuka umupaka, bajya ku Gisenyi mu Rwanda, maze bajyanwa ku Mazu y’Ubwami yo hafi aho.
Ku munsi wakurikiyeho, abavandimwe bo ku biro by’ishami byo mu Rwanda bapakiye ikamyoneti ya toni eshatu bayishyiramo ibintu by’ibanze byari bikenewe, hakubiyemo ibiribwa, ibiringiti n’imiti. Iyo mfashanyo yahise igezwa ku Mazu y’Ubwami atandatu ari mu karere gahana imbibi na Kongo.
Kubera impamvu z’umutekano, leta y’u Rwanda yatinyaga ko abantu benshi bo muri Kongo baguma mu Mazu y’Ubwami, maze isaba ko bajya kuba mu nkambi z’impunzi. Intumwa ziturutse ku biro by’ishami byo mu Rwanda zagiye i Goma kuganira n’abavandimwe babiri bo muri Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami byo muri Kongo hamwe n’abasaza bo mu matorero y’i Goma kugira ngo barebere hamwe icyakorwa. Abavandimwe bo muri Kongo ntibifuzaga ko abavandimwe babo bajya mu nkambi z’impunzi mu Rwanda. Baravuze bati “mu mwaka wa 1994 twitaye ku bavandimwe b’Abanyarwanda basaga 2.000 n’imiryango yabo n’abantu bari bashimishijwe, bityo aho kugira ngo abavandimwe bacu bajye kuba mu nkambi, nibagaruke i Goma tuzabitaho nk’uko twitaye ku bavandimwe bo mu Rwanda.”
Abavandimwe bo muri Kongo bagaragaje umuco w’urukundo no gucumbikira abashyitsi, kuko bagaruye abavandimwe babo muri Kongo maze bakabasaranganya mu ngo z’abavandimwe aho kubareka ngo bajye kuba mu nkambi ziyoborwa n’imiryango itari iy’Abahamya. Bityo, abavandimwe n’imiryango yabo basubiye i Goma, bacumbikirwa n’abavandimwe. Nyuma yaho, abavandimwe bo mu Bubiligi, mu Bufaransa no mu Busuwisi bohereje imfashanyo zari zirimo n’amahema ya shitingi kugira ngo bibe bibafasha muri icyo gihe. Abo bavandimwe bagumye i Goma kugeza igihe bubakiwe amazu mashya.
IBINTU BITAZIBAGIRANA MU RWEGO RWA GITEWOKARASI
Ku byerekeye ibiro by’ishami bishya, Ibiro by’Akarere by’Ubwubatsi byo muri Afurika y’Epfo byakoze igishushanyo mbonera, maze hashakwa umuntu wikorera ku giti cye kugira ngo akore imirimo y’ubwubatsi. Hari abakozi mpuzamahanga bitangiye imirimo baje gufasha muri uwo mushinga kandi Abahamya benshi bo mu Rwanda baritanze baza gutunganya ubusitani no gukora indi mirimo ya nyuma. Nubwo habayeho ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, umuryango wa Beteli wimukiye muri ayo mazu meza y’ibiro by’ishami bishya muri Werurwe 2006. Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, ku itariki ya 2 Ukuboza 2006, Guy Pierce wo mu Nteko Nyobozi yazanye n’umugore we kwegurira Yehova ayo mazu y’ibiro by’ishami. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera kuri 553, hakubiyemo intumwa 112 zari zaturutse mu bihugu 15, bakurikiranye porogaramu yihariye yo kwegurira Yehova ayo mazu mashya.
Jim na Rachel Holmes bo muri Kanada, bakoze kuri uwo mushinga w’ubwubatsi. Bari bazi ururimi rw’amarenga rw’urunyamerika kandi bitangiye kurwigisha abagize umuryango wa Beteli babyifuzaga nyuma y’icyigisho cy’Umunara w’Umurinzi cyo kuwa mbere. Abantu batandatu bize urwo rurimi barumenya neza, maze bidatinze hatangizwa itsinda rikoresha ururimi rw’amarenga.
Hanyuma muri Kamena 2007, Kevin Rupp wize Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo mu Busuwisi, yaje mu Rwanda kuba umumisiyonari mu ifasi ikoresha ururimi rw’amarenga. Nyuma yaho gato, umugabo n’umugore we b’abamisiyonari bo muri Kanada bazi amarenga baje mu Rwanda. Muri Nyakanga 2008, abavandimwe bashinze itorero rikoresha ururimi rw’amarenga, kandi bidatinze hashinzwe andi matsinda.
Abavandimwe bari mu ikoraniro ry’intara ryo mu mwaka wa 2007 barishimye cyane igihe batangarizwaga ko Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya Gikristo yabonetse mu kinyarwanda. Mu mwaka wa 1956, Umuryango wa Bibiliya wari warasohoye Bibiliya yuzuye mu kinyarwanda. Nubwo abahinduye iyo Bibiliya bashyizeho imihati izira uburyarya kugira ngo Bibiliya iboneke mu kinyarwanda, ndetse bagakoresha izina YEHOVA incuro ndwi mu Byanditswe by’igiheburayo, Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya ni yo abantu bose, cyane cyane abadafite amikoro ahagije, bashobora kubona mu buryo bworoshye. Ubwo buhinduzi buhuje n’ukuri kandi kubusoma biroroshye, bukaba bwarabonetse biturutse ku mihati ikomeye cyane abahinduzi bashyizeho bafatanyije n’Urwego Rushinzwe Ubuhinduzi rw’i New York. Kubona abana hafi ya bose mu Nzu y’Ubwami bafite kopi zabo bwite z’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki, maze bakazamura amaboko bashishikaye cyane kugira ngo basome umurongo w’Ibyanditswe mu materaniro, byasusurutsaga umutima.
HONGERA KUVUKA IBIBAZO BYO KUTABOGAMA
Nubwo abavandimwe bagize umudendezo wo kuyoboka Imana uhereye igihe baboneye ubuzima gatozi mu mwaka wa 1992, bakomeje kugenda bagira ibibazo bitewe no kutabogama kwabo kwa gikristo. Mu myaka 15 ishize, abavandimwe babarirwa mu magana barafashwe barafungwa bazira ko banze kujya ku marondo. Icyakora, abavandimwe bamaze kubiganiraho n’abaminisitiri bo muri leta, abategetsi bemeye ko abavandimwe bahabwa indi mirimo isimbura irondo.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, abarimu 215 birukanywe ku kazi kubera ko banze kujya mu ngando ya gipolitiki. Nyuma yaho, abanyeshuri 118 birukanywe mu mashuri bazira ko banze kuririmba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu. Intumwa z’ibiro by’ishami zagiye kureba abayobozi zibasobanurira ko tutagira aho tubogamira, kandi nyuma y’amezi menshi abenshi muri abo banyeshuri bemerewe kugaruka mu ishuri. Abavandimwe bahereye ku mateka yaranze umurimo mu Rwanda, basobanura ko mu mwaka wa 1986 Abahamya ba Yehova bafunzwe bazira ko batagira aho babogamira, kandi ko impamvu y’ingenzi yatumye mu mwaka wa 1994 banga kugira uruhare muri jenoside ari uko batagira aho babogamira.—Yoh 17:16.
Abahamya ba Yehova bubahiriza amategeko ya leta, kandi bakomeza kutagira aho babogamira muri politiki uko ubutegetsi buriho bwaba bumeze kose. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1986, Hakizimana François-Xavier yafunzwe amezi 18 azira ko yanze kugira aho abogamira. Ubutegetsi bumaze guhinduka nyuma ya jenoside, yongeye gufungwa mu mwaka wa 1997 no mu wa 1998 bamuhora icyo ubutegetsi bwa mbere bwamuhoraga. Ingero nk’izo zigaragaza ko igihe cyose Abahamya ba Yehova batagira aho babogamira, kandi ko nta butegetsi na bumwe barwanya. Kutabogama kwa gikristo gushingiye rwose ku mahame yo mu Byanditswe.
Uretse ibyo bibazo bitabura, abavandimwe bafite umudendezo wo kugira amateraniro buri cyumweru n’amakoraniro, kandi bafite uburenganzira bwo kubwiriza muri gereza nyinshi no kuhagirira amateraniro, kandi imfungwa nyinshi zemeye ukuri. Byongeye kandi, mu mwaka w’umurimo wa 2009, hari imanza esheshatu ubwoko bwa Yehova bwatsinze mu Rwanda.
IBYIZA BIRI IMBERE
Inkuru yo mu Rwanda yaba ituzuye turamutse tuyishoje tutavuze porogaramu yo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami yageze ku bintu bitangaje. Uhereye igihe gahunda nshya yo kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami mu bihugu bifite amikoro make yatangiriye mu mwaka wa 1999, hubatswe Amazu y’Ubwami agera kuri 290 yoroheje ariko meza, yubakwa n’abavandimwe babyitangiye.
Abavandimwe buzuza amenshi muri ayo mazu mu mezi atatu gusa bafatanyije n’ababwiriza barangwa n’ishyaka bo mu matorero. Iyo abantu babona Amazu y’Ubwami azamuka hirya no hino mu gihugu, bagira amatsiko, maze abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bakaboneraho uburyo bwo kubabwiriza. Uretse Inzu y’Amakoraniro y’i Kigali, abavandimwe bubatse andi Mazu y’Amakoraniro icumi mato kandi yoroheje, akaba atuma ababwiriza bashobora kujya mu makoraniro bitabaye ngombwa ko bakora ingendo ndende cyane mu misozi. Byongeye kandi, abavandimwe bujuje Amazu y’Ubwami ane ashobora kwagurwa akaberamo amakoraniro.
Mu mezi ya mbere ya buri mwaka, amatorero yose aba ashishikariye kujya kubwiriza mu mafasi atagira amatorero cyangwa adakunze kubwirizwamo. Rimwe na rimwe ababwiriza bakoresha ubutunzi bwabo bagakora ingendo ndende kugira ngo barangize iyo fasi. Abapayiniya ba bwite b’igihe gito, boherezwa mu turere twa kure bakamarayo amezi atatu. Ibyo bituma hashingwa amatsinda mashya, akazaba urufatiro rw’amatorero ashingwa nyuma yaho. Urugero, muri gahunda nk’iyo yakozwe muri Mutarama kugera muri Werurwe 2010, abantu babarirwa mu magana batangiye kwiga Bibiliya kandi hatangizwa amatsinda mashya icyenda. Nanone muri icyo gihe, abapayiniya ba bwite b’igihe gito 30 batangije amatsinda mashya 15.
IKINDI KINTU KITAZIBAGIRANA MU MATEKA Y’U RWANDA
Mu ikoraniro ry’intara ryo mu mwaka wa 2009 ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Mukomeze kuba maso!,” abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda bashimishijwe cyane no kumenya ko igitabo cy’indirimbo gishya cyari cyasohotse no kumva zimwe muri izo ndirimbo ziririmbwa mu kinyarwanda. Uretse kuba icyo gitabo gishya cyarahise gihindurwa mu kinyarwanda, nanone amatorero yabonye ibitabo by’indirimbo mbere y’igihe ku buryo muri Mutarama 2010 yatangiye kuririmba indirimbo nshya mu materaniro kimwe n’abandi bavandimwe bo hirya no hino ku isi.
Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya Gikristo bumaze kuboneka mu kinyarwanda mu mwaka wa 2007, birumvikana ko buri wese yibazaga igihe Bibiliya yuzuye yari kuzabonekera mu kinyarwanda. Igihe ikoraniro ry’intara ryo mu mwaka wa 2010 ryari ryegereje, hatangajwe ko Guy Pierce wo mu Nteko Nyobozi yari kuza mu Rwanda mu ikoraniro ryari kubera i Kigali muri Kanama. Iryo koraniro ryari kubera muri sitade iri hakurya y’umuhanda unyura imbere y’ibiro by’ishami. Abantu bose bari babukereye, kandi barishimye cyane igihe umuvandimwe Pierce yatangazaga ko Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya yasohotse mu kinyarwanda! Kuwa gatanu mu gitondo hateranye abantu 7.149, buri wese yatahanye iyo Bibiliya nshya. Ku cyumweru, haje abavandimwe baturutse mu zindi ntara z’u Rwanda bituma umubare w’abateranye uzamuka ugera ku bihumbi 11.355. Mu gihe iryo koraniro ryabaga, hari abasirikare bari mu myiyereko hanze ya sitade basabye kopi z’iyo Bibiliya nshya, maze babaha Bibiliya 180. Umuyobozi w’umugi wa Kigali, umukuru wa polisi n’abayobozi bo muri Minisiteri y’Umuco na Siporo na bo bishimiye Bibiliya bahawe.
Umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza mu Rwanda watangiye mu mwaka wa 1970 hari ababwiriza batatu. Ubu mu gihugu hose hari ababwiriza bagera mu 20.000. Buri kwezi bigisha Bibiliya abantu bagera mu 50.000. Abantu 87.010 bateranye ku Rwibutso rwabaye muri Mata 2011. Abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda bazwiho kugira ishyaka mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ikigaragaza ko abavandimwe bacu bakorana na “Nyir’ibisarurwa” babigiranye ishyaka muri uwo murima urumbuka kandi bakaba badafite umugambi wo kudohoka, ni uko abagera kuri 25 ku ijana by’ababwiriza bose bari mu murimo w’igihe cyose, kandi abandi babwiriza basigaye, ugereranyije buri mubwiriza abwiriza amasaha 20 buri kwezi. Kubera ko Yehova akomeje kubaha umugisha mu murimo bakora, dutegerezanyije amatsiko kureba uko abandi bantu bazagana umusozi wa Yehova w’ugusenga k’ukuri muri icyo gihugu cy’imisozi igihumbi bazaba bangana.—Mat 9:38; Mika 4:1, 2.
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
a Bakunze kuyita Kongo cyangwa Kongo (Kinshasa) kugira ngo bayitandukanye n’igihugu gituranye na cyo cya Kongo (Brazaville). Muri iyi nkuru, turakoresha Kongo.
b Débora yabaye umubwiriza, abatizwa afite imyaka icumi, none ubu we na nyina ni abapayiniya b’igihe cyose.
c Uwo mwana yarakuze, none ubu ni mushiki wacu wabatijwe.
[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 178]
Yabwiye abari bamuteze amatwi ko bitondera Abahamya ba Yehova
[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 181]
Basuhuzanyaga bishimye bati ‘komera!’
[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 218]
“Yehova, nta cyo twakora ngo turokore amagara yacu. Ni wowe wenyine ushobora kudukiza!”
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 166]
Icyo twavuga ku Rwanda
Igihugu:
U Rwanda rufite uburebure bw’ibirometero 177 gusa, kuva mu majyaruguru ujya mu majyepfo, n’ibirometero 233 kuva mu burasirazuba ujya mu burengerazuba. Rufite abaturage basaga miriyoni 11, kandi ni cyo gihugu gituwe cyane muri Afurika. Umurwa mukuru ni Kigali.
Abaturage:
U Rwanda rutuwe n’Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa n’abandi bantu bakomoka muri Aziya no mu Burayi. Abarenga kimwe cya kabiri ni abayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma, naho abarenga kimwe cya kane ni Abaporotesitanti biganjemo Abadivantisiti. Abandi basigaye ni Abisilamu n’abayoboke b’andi madini atandukanye.
Ururimi:
Indimi zikoreshwa mu butegetsi ni ikinyarwanda, icyongereza n’igifaransa. Igiswayire gikoreshwa mu bucuruzi buhuza u Rwanda n’ibihugu bihana imbibi.
Imibereho:
Abanyarwanda benshi ni abahinzi. Kubera ko ubutaka bwinshi butarumbuka, abenshi bashobora guhinga ibyo barya mu miryango yabo gusa. Icyayi n’ibireti bivamo umuti wica udukoko, ni ibihingwa ngengabukungu, kimwe n’ikawa yoherezwa mu mahanga ari nyinshi.
Ibyokurya:
Mu biribwa bakunze kurya harimo ibirayi, ibitoki n’ibishyimbo.
Ikirere cyaho:
Nubwo u Rwanda ruri hafi ya koma y’isi, muri rusange rufite ikirere cy’imberabyombi. Mu misozi y’imbere mu gihugu, ubushyuhe bugera kuri dogere 21, kandi hagwa imvura ihagije.
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 185]
“Yehova atazadukurikirana!”
NGIRENTE EMMANUEL
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1955
ABATIZWA MU WA 1982
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Ari muri Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami byo mu Rwanda kandi ni umugenzuzi w’Urwego Rushinzwe Ubuhinduzi.
◼ MU MWAKA wa 1989, nari umupayiniya mu burasirazuba bw’u Rwanda. Hanyuma mu mpera z’uwo mwaka, nasabwe gukora mu buhinduzi. Kubera ko ntari narigeze nkora iby’ubuhinduzi, byarantunguye kandi numvaga rwose ntazabishobora. Icyakora, natangiye gukora ku bitabo bitatu. Twakodesheje inzu kandi dushaka inkoranyamagambo. Hari igihe nararaga nkora ijoro ryose, nywa ikawa kugira ngo ntasinzira.
Igihe ingabo zateraga igihugu mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1990, hari abantu bakekaga ko Abahamya ba Yehova bari ibyitso by’izo ngabo zateye. Abashinzwe umutekano batangiye kudukurikiranira hafi. Kubera ko nakoreraga mu rugo, batekerezaga ko nta kazi nagiraga, bityo bifuzaga kumenya icyo nakoraga. Umunsi umwe baje gusaka batunguranye. Icyo gihe nari naraye nandika ku mashini, maze bigeze saa kumi n’imwe za mu gitondo ngerageza kujya kuryama. Nagiye kumva numva barampamagaye ngo njye mu muganda.
Nkimara kuva mu rugo, abayobozi baje mu nzu nabagamo baterera ibintu byose hejuru. Ngarutse, abaturanyi bambwiye ko umupolisi na konseye bari bamaze isaha yose basoma inyandiko nahinduye, zose zikaba zaragendaga zigaruka ku izina Yehova. Amaherezo, baravuze bati “reka tuve muri iyi nzu, Yehova atazadukurikirana!”
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 194]
Mu minsi 100 hapfuye abantu miriyoni
“Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu mwaka wa 1994, ni imwe muri za jenoside zidashidikanywaho zabaye mu mateka yo muri iki gihe. Kuva mu ntangiriro za Mata 1994 kugeza hagati mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, muri icyo gihugu gito cyo muri Afurika yo Hagati, Abahutu bari benshi bishe mu buryo buteguwe neza abo mu bwoko bw’Abatutsi bari bake. Ubutegetsi bw’Abahutu b’intagondwa, bwatinyaga gutakaza ubutegetsi bitewe n’inkubiri ya demokarasi hamwe n’intambara yari ishyamiranyije abenegihugu, bwakoze gahunda yo gutsembaho abantu bose bwatekerezaga ko babubangamiye, ni ukuvuga Abahutu batari intagondwa n’Abatutsi. Jenoside yahagaritswe igihe ingabo zari zigizwe ahanini n’Abatutsi zafataga igihugu zikirukana ubutegetsi bwari bumaze gukora jenoside bugahunga. Mu gihe cy’iminsi ijana yonyine, abantu bagera kuri miriyoni yose baguye muri jenoside n’intambara, bituma ubwicanyi bwabaye mu Rwanda buba bumwe mu bwicanyi bwakoranywe ubukana bukabije kurusha ubundi bwose bwabaye mu mateka.”—Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity.
Abahamya ba Yehova bagera kuri 400 bishwe muri jenoside, hakubiyemo n’Abahutu bishwe bazira ko bageragezaga kurwana ku bavandimwe na bashiki babo b’Abatutsi. Nta Bahamya ba Yehova bigeze bicwa na bagenzi babo.
[Ifoto]
Impunzi ziva mu Rwanda
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 197]
“Amazu y’urupfu”
“Abateguye jenoside bahereye ku gitekerezo cy’uko kera abantu bahungiraga mu nsengero bakarokoka, maze bashuka Abatutsi babarirwa mu bihumbi byinshi ngo bahungire muri za kiliziya n’insengero, bababeshya ko bari kuhabonera uburinzi. Hanyuma, Interahamwe z’Abahutu n’abasirikare baraje bica abo bantu b’inzirakarengane bari bahungiye muri izo nsengero, barasa mu kivunge cy’abantu bari bakoraniye mu nsengero no mu mashuri, babateramo na za gerenade, hanyuma bakagenda bareba abakirimo umwuka bakabasonga bakoresheje imihoro, amacumu n’ibyuma. . . . Icyakora uruhare rw’amadini ntirugarukira gusa ku kuba yararebereye, akemera ko insengero zayo zihinduka amazu y’urupfu. Mu duce tumwe na tumwe, abayobozi b’amadini, abarimu ba gatigisimu n’abandi bakozi b’insengero, ni bo bagaragazaga Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa kubera ko babaga bazi neza abantu bo mu karere k’iwabo. Hari n’aho abakozi bo mu nsengero bagiraga uruhare rweruye mu bwicanyi.”—Christianity and Genocide in Rwanda.
“Icyo Kiliziya [Gatolika] ishinjwa ahanini, ni uko yaretse gushyigikira Abatutsi bari ku butegetsi igashyigikira revolisiyo y’Abahutu, na nyuma yaho igafasha Habyarimana kugera ku butegetsi, agashyiraho leta yiganjemo Abahutu. Naho ku birebana na jenoside nyirizina, abanenga Kiliziya nanone bayishinja ko yagize uruhare rutaziguye rwo kwenyegeza inzangano, gukingira ikibaba abicanyi no kunanirwa kurinda abantu bahungiye mu mazu yayo. Nanone hari abatekereza ko Kiliziya igomba kuryozwa ko yananiwe gufata ingamba zose zari zikenewe kugira ngo ihagarike ubwicanyi, kubera ko ari yo yayoboraga igice kinini cy’Abanyarwanda mu by’iyobokamana.”—Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity.
[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku mapaji ya 201-203]
“Twakwica dute umuntu abantu bose basabira imbabazi?”
MUTEZINTARE JEAN-MARIE
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1959
ABATIZWA MU WA 1985
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Mutezintare akora umwuga w’ubwubatsi, akaba ari umuvandimwe w’indahemuka uhorana akanyamuneza. Hashize igihe gito abatijwe, yafunzwe amezi umunani mu mwaka wa 1986. Mu mwaka wa 1993, yashyingiranywe na Jeanne. Ubu ahagarariye Komite y’Inzu y’Amakoraniro y’i Kigali.
◼ KU ITARIKI ya 7 Mata, jye n’umugore wanjye Jeanne, n’umwana wacu w’umukobwa Jemima, icyo gihe wari ufite ukwezi, twakanguwe n’urusaku rw’amasasu. Twabanje gutekereza ko ari ibibazo bya politiki byari bisanzwe, ariko bidatinze twamenye ko Interahamwe zari zatangiye gahunda yo kwica Abatutsi bose. Kubera ko twari Abatutsi, ntitwashoboraga guhirahira ngo tujye hanze. Twasenze Yehova dushyizeho umwete tumusaba kudufasha kumenya icyo twakora. Hagati aho, abavandimwe batatu b’Abahutu b’intwari, ari bo Athanase, Charles na Emmanuel, bashyize ubuzima bwabo mu kaga bakajya batuzanira ibyokurya.
Jye n’umugore wanjye twamaze ukwezi twihisha mu ngo zitandukanye z’abavandimwe. Igihe ibikorwa byo guhiga Abatutsi byari bikaze, Interahamwe zagabye igitero aho nari nihishe zitwaje ibyuma, amacumu n’imihoro. Mbonye icyo gitero kije, narirutse ngo njye kwihisha mu bihuru, ariko zahise zimfata. Igihe nari nkikijwe n’igitero cy’abantu bitwaje intwaro, nabatakambiye mbabwira ko ndi Umuhamya wa Yehova, ariko bo bakavuga bati “uri inyenzi!” Banteye imigeri nitura hasi, bankubita ibibuno by’imbunda n’amahiri. Abantu bari bamaze gukoranira aho ari benshi. Muri abo bantu harimo umugabo nari narabwirije. Yagize ubutwari bwo kubabwira ati “nimumubabarire!” Hanyuma umuvandimwe umwe w’Umuhutu witwaga Charles, yarahageze. Umugore wa Charles n’abana be bambonye ndyamye hasi mvirirana, batangira kurira. Abo bicanyi bacitse intege barandeka, baravuga bati “twakwica dute umuntu abantu bose basabira imbabazi?” Charles yanjyanye iwe, amfuka ibikomere. Interahamwe zatubwiye ko nindamuka ntorotse, zizica Charles mu cyimbo cyanjye.
Hagati aho, nari naraburanye na Jeanne n’umwana wacu. Na we yari yarahuye n’igitero giteye ubwoba, arakubitwa, arokoka ku kaburembe. Nyuma yaho, abantu bamubwiye ko napfuye. Ndetse hari n’abamubwiye ngo ashake amashuka aze gutwikira umurambo wanjye.
Jye na Jeanne twahuriye kwa Athanase turarira, duhumurizwa n’uko twari twongeye guhura. Icyakora twari twiteze ko twari kwicwa bukeye bwaho. Uwo munsi wari uteye ubwoba kurusha iyawubanjirije. Twihishe ahantu hatandukanye, tuva hamwe tujya ahandi. Ndibuka ntakambira Yehova mubwira nti “ejo waradufashije. Ndakwinginze ongera udufashe. Twifuza kurera umwana wacu kandi tugakomeza kugukorera!” Bigeze nimugoroba, abavandimwe batatu b’Abahutu bahaze amagara yabo batujyana turi itsinda ry’Abatutsi bagera hafi kuri 30, batunyuza kuri za bariyeri ziteye ubwoba kugira ngo batugeze ahari umutekano. Abantu batandatu bari muri iryo tsinda bemeye ukuri.
Nyuma yaho twamenye ko Charles na bagenzi be bakomeje gufasha abandi. Ariko Interahamwe zimenye ko abo bavandimwe bafashije Abatutsi benshi gutoroka, zararakaye cyane. Amaherezo zafashe Charles n’undi mubwiriza w’Umuhutu witwaga Leonard. Umugore wa Charles yumvise Interahamwe zivuga ziti “mugomba gupfa kuko mwafashije Abatutsi gutoroka.” Hanyuma zarabishe. Ibyo bitwibutsa amagambo ya Yesu agira ati “nta wufite urukundo ruruta uru: ko umuntu ahara ubugingo bwe ku bw’incuti ze.”—Yoh 15:13.
Mbere y’intambara, igihe jye na Jeanne twateguraga ubukwe, twafashe icyemezo cy’uko umwe muri twe yagombaga kuba umupayiniya. Icyakora nyuma y’intambara, kubera ko benshi muri bene wacu bishwe, twareze imfubyi esheshatu ziyongeraga ku bana bacu babiri twari dufite icyo gihe. Ariko Jeanne yashoboye gutangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya, akaba awumazemo imyaka 12. Nanone, abo bana b’imfubyi batandatu, ababyeyi babo bakaba batari Abahamya ba Yehova, ubu bose barabatijwe. Abahungu batatu babaye abakozi b’itorero, naho umwe mu bakobwa akorana n’umugabo we kuri Beteli. Ubu dufite abana bane twabyaye, kandi abakobwa bacu babiri bakuru barabatijwe.
[Ifoto]
Umuvandimwe Mutezintare n’umugore we n’abana babo babiri hamwe n’imfubyi eshanu
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 204 n’iya 205]
“Ukuri kwatumye tudahungabana”
Musabyimana Valerie na Musabwe Angeline ni bashiki bacu bava inda imwe. Bakomoka mu muryango ukomeye muri Kiliziya Gatolika, kandi se yari umukuru w’umuryango remezo. Valerie yize imyaka ine ashaka kuba umubikira. Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 1974 yaretse ayo mashuri bitewe n’uko atashimishijwe n’imyifatire y’umupadiri umwe. Nyuma yaho yiganye Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova, arabatizwa, atangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu mwaka wa 1979. Murumuna we Angeline, na we yize Bibiliya maze arabatizwa. Ubu abo bashiki bacu babiri ni abapayiniya ba bwite, kandi bafashije abantu benshi kumenya ukuri.
Muri jenoside Angeline na Valerie babaga i Kigali kandi bahishe abantu icyenda mu nzu yabo, harimo n’abagore babiri bari batwite, umugabo w’umwe muri bo akaba yari amaze kwicwa. Hashize iminsi, uwo mugore yarabyaye. Kubera ko kuva mu nzu byari biteje akaga cyane, abo bashiki bacu ni bo bamubyaje. Abaturanyi babimenye, babazaniye ibyokurya n’amazi.
Igihe Interahamwe zamenyaga ko Angeline na Valerie bahishe Abatutsi, zaraje zirababwira ziti “tuje kwica Abahamya ba Yehova b’Abatutsi.” Icyakora kubera ko inzu abo bashiki bacu bakodeshaga yari iy’umusirikare mukuru, abo bicanyi batinye kuyinjiramo.d Abari muri iyo nzu bose bararokotse.
Amaherezo, igihe intambara yarushagaho gukara n’amasasu akomeza kugwa nk’imvura, byabaye ngombwa ko Angeline na Valerie bahunga. Bahunganye n’abandi Bahamya bajya i Goma, abavandimwe bo muri Kongo babakirana urugwiro. Bagezeyo, bakomeje kubwiriza kandi bigisha abantu benshi Bibiliya.
Ni iki cyabafashije guhangana n’ibyo banyuzemo muri jenoside? Valerie yavuganye agahinda agira ati “napfushije abana benshi bo mu buryo bw’umwuka, hakubiyemo na Ntabana Eugène n’umuryango we. Ukuri kwatumye tudahungabana. Tuzi ko Yehova azacira urubanza abagizi ba nabi.”
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
d Nyuma y’intambara, nyir’iyo nzu yatangiye kwiga Bibiliya. Yaje gupfa, ariko umugore we n’abana babo babiri babaye Abahamya.
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 206 n’iya 207]
Bari biteguye kudupfira
SEMALI ALFRED
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1964
ABATIZWA MU WA 1981
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: We n’umugore we Georgette bari batuye mu nkengero z’umugi wa Kigali. Alfred ni umugabo wita ku muryango we, kandi ari mu bagize Komite Ihuza Abarwayi n’Abaganga i Kigali.
◼ JENOSIDE imaze gutangira, umuvandimwe w’Umuhutu witwa Athanase twari duturanye, yadutumyeho atuburira ati “dore barimo barica Abatutsi bose, kandi namwe barabica.” Yadusabye ko twajya kwihisha iwe. Mbere y’intambara yari yaracukuye umwobo wa metero 3,5 yabikagamo ibintu arawutwikira, maze aduhishamo. Ni jye wamanutse bwa mbere manukiye ku rwego yari yarakoze. Athanase yaduhaye ibyokurya na matora. Hagati aho, ahantu hose ubwicanyi bwarakomezaga.
Athanase n’umuryango we bakomeje kuduhisha nubwo abaturanyi bakekaga ko twari twihishe aho ngaho kandi bakamubwira ko bari gutwika inzu ye. Byarigaragazaga ko bari biteguye kudupfira.
Nyuma y’iminsi itatu, muri ako gace habaye imirwano ikaze, maze Athanase n’umuryango we badusanga muri wa mwobo, tuwihishamo turi abantu 16. Twabaga mu mwijima w’icuraburindi, kuko nta wari gutinyuka gukoresha urumuri urwo ari rwo rwose. Buri munsi twasaranganyaga umuceri mubisi twatumbikaga mu mazi arimo isukari, buri muntu agafata ikiyiko kimwe. Hashize iminsi icumi, uwo muceri na wo warashize. Ku munsi wa 13 twumvise dushonje cyane! Twari kubigenza dute? Twarazamutse turunguruka hanze duhagaze ku rwego, tubona ko ibintu byari byarahindutse. Twabonye abasirikare bari bambaye imyenda itandukanye n’iy’aba mbere. Kubera ko Athanase n’umuryango we bari barandwanyeho, numvise ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo nanjye ngire icyo nigomwa. Niyemeje gusohokana n’umuhungu wa Athanase wari umaze kuba ingimbi tukajya gushaka ibyokurya. Twarabanje twese turasenga.
Hashize iminota igera kuri 30, twagarutse twamenye ko ingabo za FPR ari zo zagenzuraga ako gace. Twazanye n’abasirikare, mbereka aho twari twihishe. Babyemeye ari uko babonye abavandimwe na bashiki bacu batangiye gusohoka mu mwobo, umwe umwe. Georgette avuga ko atazigera yibagirwa icyo gihe. Agira ati “twavuyemo dusa nabi; twari tumaze mu mwobo hafi ibyumweru bitatu tudakaraba cyangwa ngo tumese.”
Abo basirikare batangajwe no kubona Abahutu n’Abatutsi bari bihishe mu mwobo umwe. Narabasobanuriye nti “turi Abahamya ba Yehova, kandi ntituvangura amoko.” Baratangaye maze baravuga bati “muhe aba bantu bavuye mu mwobo ibyokurya n’isukari!” Hanyuma batujyanye mu nzu yarimo abantu bagera ku 100, bayicumbikiwemo by’agateganyo. Nyuma yaho, hari mushiki wacu watwakiriye iwe twese uko twari 16.
Twishimira ko twarokotse. Icyakora mukuru wanjye na mushiki wanjye n’imiryango yabo, bose bakaba bari Abahamya ba Yehova, barishwe hamwe n’abandi benshi twari duturanye. Ibyo byaratubabaje cyane, ariko nanone tuzi ko ‘ibihe n’ibigwirira abantu bitugeraho twese.’ Georgette agaragaza ibyiyumvo byacu agira ati “twabuze abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi, abandi baca mu bihe biteye ubwoba byo guhunga no kwihishahisha. Icyakora, dukomeza gushimangira imishyikirano dufitanye na Yehova binyuze ku isengesho, kandi twiboneye ko ukuboko kwa Yehova gufite imbaraga. Yaraduhumurije adufasha mu gihe gikwiriye akoresheje umuteguro we, kandi turabimushimira cyane. Yehova yaduhaye imigisha myinshi.”—Umubw 9:11.
[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 208 n’iya 209]
Yehova yaradufashije muri ibyo bihe biteye ubwoba
BAHATI ALBERT
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1958
ABATIZWA MU WA 1980
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Ni umusaza w’itorero, yarashatse kandi afite umugore n’abana batatu. Umugore we n’umukobwa we mukuru ni abapayiniya b’igihe cyose. Umuhungu we ni umukozi w’itorero. Albert ni umuvandimwe utuje w’Umuhutu. Igihe yatangiraga kujya mu materaniro mu mwaka wa 1977, mu gihugu hose hari ababwiriza 70 gusa. Mu mwaka wa 1988 yarafunzwe kandi arakubitwa. Igihe yangaga kwambara umudari wa muvoma, umuturanyi we wari warahoze ari umusirikare yashinze igikwasi cy’uwo mudari mu mubiri wa Albert maze amubwira amunnyega ati “ntureba ko noneho wambaye umudari!”
◼ PEREZIDA amaze gupfa, hari abavandimwe, bene wacu n’abaturanyi bahungiye iwanjye. Icyakora nari mpangayikishijwe cyane na bashiki bacu babiri b’Abatutsikazi, ari bo Goretti na Suzanne, batari bari kumwe natwe. Nubwo byari biteje akaga cyane, nagiye kubashaka. Icyo gihe abantu barahungaga maze mbona Goretti n’abana be ndabafata mbazana iwanjye, kuko nari nzi ko mu nzira bari bagiye kunyuramo bari guhura na bariyeri kandi bari kwicwa nta kabuza.
Hashize iminsi runaka, Suzanne na we yashoboye kutugeraho ari kumwe n’abandi batanu. Abo bamaze kuhagera, mu nzu yanjye harimo abantu barenga 20, kandi twese twari mu kaga gakomeye.
Interahamwe zateye urugo rwanjye nibura incuro eshatu. Igihe kimwe zabonye umugore wanjye Vestine mu idirishya, maze ziramubwira ngo asohoke. We ni Umututsikazi. Nahagaze hagati y’abicanyi n’umugore wanjye, ndababwira nti “muramwica ari uko mubanje kunyica!” Tumaze kubijyaho impaka umwanya munini, baramubwiye ngo asubire mu nzu. Hari Interahamwe yavuze iti “sinshaka kwica umugore; ndashaka kwica umugabo.” Hanyuma batangiye kwibasira muramu wanjye. Mbonye bamusohoye hanze, nahise nitambika hagati yabo n’uwo musore, ndabinginga nti “mwokagira Imana mwe, nimumureke!”
Umwe muri bo yanteye inkokora, aravuga ati “jye sinkorera Imana.” Icyakora yisubiyeho arambwira ati “ngaho genda umufate!” Nguko uko muramu wanjye yarokotse.
Hashize ukwezi nyuma yaho, abavandimwe babiri baje gushaka ibyokurya. Kubera ko nari mfite ibishyimbo, nabahayeho, ariko igihe nari mbaherekeje ngira ngo mbereke inzira itabateza akaga, numvise igisasu gituritse, mpita nta ubwenge. Agace k’igisasu kanguye mu jisho. Hari umuturanyi wamfashije kugera kwa muganga, ariko ijisho ryari ryakomeretse ryarahumye. Ikibabaje kurushaho, ni uko ntashoboye gusubira mu rugo. Hagati aho imirwano yarushijeho gukara, kugeza ubwo nta muntu washoboraga kuguma iwanjye kuko byari biteje akaga, bityo bahungiye mu ngo z’abandi bavandimwe bemeye gushyira ubuzima bwabo mu kaga bakabarinda bose kugeza muri Kamena 1994. Mu kwezi k’Ukwakira ni bwo nongeye kubonana n’umugore wanjye n’abana. Nshimira Yehova ko yamfashije jye n’umuryango wanjye muri ibyo bihe biteye ubwoba.
[Ifoto]
Bahati Albert n’umuryango we n’abandi yahishe
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku mapaji ya 210-212]
“Iyi ni yo nzira”
NIYONGIRA GASPARD
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1954
ABATIZWA MU WA 1978
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Ni umuvandimwe urwanirira ukuri adatinya, ahorana akanyamuneza kandi arangwa n’icyizere. Ubu Niyongira afite umugore n’abakobwa batatu, kandi ari muri Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami mu Rwanda.
◼ NYUMA y’uko urusaku rw’amasasu rutangira kumvikana mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 7 Mata, nabonye amazu agera nko kuri 15 y’Abatutsi ashya, hakubiyemo n’ay’abavandimwe bacu abiri. Ese inzu yacu ni yo bari gukurikizaho? Nataye umutwe kubera ko natinyaga icyashoboraga kuba ku mugore wanjye w’Umututsikazi n’abana bacu babiri.
Siniyumvishaga icyo twakora. Abantu bari mu rujijo, bahiye ubwoba kandi impuha n’amakuru y’ibinyoma byari byinshi. Natekereje ko byarushaho kuba byiza umugore wanjye n’abana bagiye mu rugo rw’umuvandimwe twari duturanye, jye nkazabasangayo nyuma. Igihe habonekaga agahenge nkajya kumureba, nasanze byarabaye ngombwa ko ahungira mu kigo cy’amashuri. Ku gicamunsi cy’uwo munsi, hari umuturanyi waje arambwira ati “Abatutsi bose bahungiye mu kigo cy’amashuri bagiye kwicwa!” Nahise niruka njya kuri icyo kigo, nshaka umugore wanjye n’abana banjye, maze nkusanya abantu bagera kuri 20, harimo abavandimwe na bashiki bacu, mbabwira ko basubira mu ngo zabo. Tukiva aho, twabonye Interahamwe zishoreye abantu zibavana mu mugi zibajyanye ahantu ziciye Abatutsi barenga 2.000.
Hagati aho, hari umugore w’umuturanyi wari wabyariye muri icyo kigo. Igihe Interahamwe zateraga gerenade muri iryo shuri, umugabo we yahunganye uruhinja. Kubera ko abantu bari bahiye ubwoba, umugore na we yahunze ukwe. Nubwo uwo mugabo yari Umututsi, yashoboye kurenga za bariyeri bitewe n’umwana yari ateruye, nuko aza yiruka ahungira mu nzu yacu. Yansabye ko nagerageza kujya kumushakira amata y’umwana. Ngerageje kujya hanze, naguye kuri bariyeri y’Interahamwe. Zanyise icyitso cy’Abatutsi kubera ko nari ngiye gushaka amata y’umwana w’Umututsi, ziravuga ziti “mureke tumwice!” Umusirikare yankubise ikibuno cy’imbunda, mpita nta ubwenge, mvirirana mu mazuru no mu maso. Batekereje ko mfuye, maze barankurura banshyira inyuma y’inzu yari hafi aho.
Hari umuturanyi wanyuzeho aramenya arambwira ati “ugomba kuva aha hantu naho ubundi baragaruka bakurangize.” Yamfashije gusubira mu rugo.
Nubwo nababaraga, ibyambayeho byambereye uburinzi. Kubera ko abantu bose bari bazi ko nari umushoferi, abagabo batanu baje kundeba bukeye bwaho bampatira kuba umushoferi w’umukuru w’abasirikare. Babonye ibikomere byanjye, ntibiriwe babitindaho kandi ntibigeze bampatira kujyana n’Interahamwe ku marondo.
Hakurikiyeho iminsi y’ubwoba, urujijo n’inzara. Icyo gihe hari umugore w’Umututsikazi wahungiye iwanjye ari kumwe n’abana be babiri bato. Twamuhishe mu kabati ko mu gikoni, abana be babiri mbashyira mu banjye. Igihe ingabo za FPR zagendaga zifata uduce twinshi, kandi hari ibihuha byavugaga ko Interahamwe zari zatangiye kwica Abahutu bose bari bafite abagore b’Abatutsikazi, umuryango wacu wose wongeye kwitegura guhunga. Icyakora ingabo za FPR zari zamaze gufata agace twari dutuyemo, bityo Abatutsi ntibari bacyugarijwe n’akaga, ariko jye nari mu kaga ko kuba nakwicwa.
Icyo gihe najyanye n’abandi baturanyi tugera kuri bariyeri yariho abasirikare ba FPR. Bambonye, bakabona ndi Umuhutu mfite n’umutwe uriho ibipfuko, batekereje ko ngomba kuba ndi Interahamwe. Baratubwiye bati “muri mwe harimo abicanyi n’abasahuzi, none muraje ngo tubafashe! Muri mwe ni nde wahishe Abatutsi cyangwa akabarwanaho?” Naberetse umugore n’abana nari narahishe. Bafashe abana babashyira ku ruhande, maze barababaza bati “uriya mugabo upfutse mu mutwe ni nde?” Barabashubije bati “ntabwo ari Interahamwe; ni Umuhamya wa Yehova kandi ni umuntu mwiza.” Nari narakijije umugore w’Umututsikazi n’abana be babiri, none dore na bo bari bankijije!
Abo basirikare banyuzwe n’ibisubizo babahaye, maze batujyana mu nkambi yari ku birometero 20 uvuye i Kigali, ahari abantu bagera ku 16.000 bari barokotse. Twahahuriye n’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera kuri 60 bo mu matorero 14. Twashyizeho gahunda y’amateraniro, maze ku ncuro ya mbere haterana abantu 96! Icyakora ibyo bihe ntibyari byoroshye, kubera ko twamenyaga amakuru y’incuti zacu zishwe, na bashiki bacu bafashwe ku ngufu. Ni jye musaza jyenyine wari uhari, kandi abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi bari bakeneye ihumure n’ubufasha buturuka mu Byanditswe. Nabateze amatwi, bambwira inkuru zishengura umutima z’ibyababayeho, mbizeza ko Yehova abakunda kandi ko yiyumvishaga akababaro kabo.
Amaherezo, ku itariki ya 10 Nyakanga, hashize ibyumweru byinshi biteye ubwoba, twashoboye gusubira mu ngo zacu. Ndibuka ko muri ibyo bihe by’akaga kandi biteye ubwoba, natekerezaga ku ndirimbo ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Iyi ni yo nzira.” Amagambo agize iyo ndirimbo yanteye inkunga cyane. Ayo magambo agira ati “ntidukebakeba ngo duteshuke, tuzagendera mu nzira y’Imana.”
[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku mapaji ya 223 na 224]
Numvise umuntu ampamagara
HENK VAN BUSSEL
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1957
ABATIZWA MU WA 1976
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yakoze kuri beteli yo mu Buholandi mbere y’uko ajya mu Ishuri rya Gileyadi mu mwaka wa 1984. Yakoreye umurimo muri Santarafurika no muri Cadi, hanyuma muri Nzeri 1992 yoherezwa mu Rwanda. Ubu akora ku biro by’ishami byo mu Rwanda ari kumwe n’umugore we Berthe.
◼ ITORERO rya mbere noherejwemo nkigera mu Rwanda ni irya Kigali Sud, rikaba ryari ririmo abana benshi. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu baho barangwaga n’urugwiro kandi bakundaga gucumbikira abashyitsi. Mu mwaka wa 1992, nta matorero menshi yari mu gihugu kandi hari ababwiriza barengaga 1.500 ho gato. Abategetsi ntibadushiraga amakenga, kandi iyo twabaga turi mu murimo wo kubwiriza hari igihe abapolisi baduhagarikaga bakadusaba ibyangombwa.
Igihe jenoside yatangiraga, byabaye ngombwa ko mva mu gihugu. Ariko bidatinze, nasabwe kujya gufasha impunzi zari mu burasirazuba bwa Kongo. Navuye i Nairobi njya mu mugi wa Goma, uhana imbibi n’u Rwanda. Bwari ubwa mbere ngiye muri uwo mugi kandi nta makuru yaho nari mfite uretse izina ry’umusaza umwe, bityo nibazaga uko nari bumubone. Icyakora maze kuhagera, nabajije umushoferi wa tagisi wari untwaye. Na we yabajije abandi bashoferi, maze mu minota 30 mba ngeze kwa wa musaza. Abavandimwe babiri bo muri Komite y’Igihugu yo mu Rwanda bashoboye kwambuka umupaka baza i Goma, mbashyikiriza amafaranga ibiro by’ishami byo muri Kenya byari byampaye yo gufasha abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda.
Igihe nasubiraga i Goma ku ncuro ya kabiri mvuye i Nairobi, nibuka ko nagendaga n’amaguru ngana ku mupaka w’u Rwanda. Nubwo hatari kure, nahagenze umwanya munini bitewe n’uko hari ikivunge cy’impunzi nyinshi zambukaga ziva mu Rwanda.
Nagiye kumva numva umuntu ampamagara ati “Ndugu Henk! Ndugu Henk!” Igihe narebaga aho iryo jwi riturutse, nakubitanye amaso na Alphonsine. Yari umukobwa w’imyaka 14 wo mu itorero nari narahozemo i Kigali, kandi yari yaraburanye na nyina. Namufashe ukuboko, tunyura muri icyo kivunge cy’abantu benshi, mujyana ku Nzu y’Ubwami aho abavandimwe na bashiki bacu b’impunzi bahuriraga. Hari umuryango wo muri Kongo wamwakiriye, maze nyuma yaho mushiki wacu wari warahunze wakomokaga mu itorero rye aramujyana. Nyuma yaho Alphonsine yaje guhura na nyina i Kigali.
[Ifoto]
Henk n’umugore we Berthe
[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 235 n’iya 236]
Yehova yakoze ibintu bikomeye kandi bihebuje!
GÜNTER RESCHKE
YAVUTSE MU MWAKA WA 1937
ABATIZWA MU WA 1953
ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yatangiye umurimo w’ubupayiniya mu mwaka wa 1958 kandi yize mu Ishuri rya 43 rya Gileyadi. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1967 yakoreye umurimo muri Gabon, Santarafurika no muri Kenya, kandi yagiye no mu bindi bihugu byinshi mu murimo wo gusura amatorero. Ubu ni umwe mu bagize Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami byo mu Rwanda.
◼ NAGEZE mu Rwanda bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1980. Nari nturutse muri Kenya ndi umugenzuzi w’intara. Icyo gihe mu gihugu hose hari amatorero arindwi gusa n’ababwiriza 127. Nanone nagombaga gufatanya n’undi muvandimwe kuyobora Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubupayiniya rya mbere ryabereye mu Rwanda. Benshi mu bapayiniya 22 bize iryo shuri baracyari mu murimo w’igihe cyose. Nasubiye muri Kenya nshimishijwe n’ukuntu abavandimwe bagiraga ishyaka mu murimo kandi bakishimira ukuri.
Mu mwaka wa 1996, nabonye ibaruwa ivuye ku biro by’ishami byo muri Kenya yansabaga kwimukira mu Rwanda. Nari maze imyaka 18 muri Kenya kandi narahakundaga cyane. Igihe nageraga mu Rwanda, hari hakiri umutekano muke. Nijoro twakundaga kumva amasasu. Ariko bidatinze natangiye kwishimira inshingano yanjye, cyane cyane igihe nabonaga ukuntu Yehova yaduhaga imigisha mu murimo we.
Ahantu amakoraniro yaberaga ntihari hakwiriye. Icyakora incuro nyinshi, abavandimwe bicaraga hasi cyangwa ku mabuye batitotomba. Umubatizo waberaga mu cyobo babaga bacukuye bagashyiramo shitingi. Amakoraniro nk’ayo aracyaba mu duce tumwe na tumwe two mu giturage. Ariko uko igihe cyagiye gihita, hubatswe amazu y’amakoraniro n’Amazu y’Ubwami ashobora kwagurwa akaberamo amakoraniro.
Abavandimwe bagiraga ishyaka mu murimo wo gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza. Mu mpera z’icyumweru, amatorero yo muri Kigali yatangiraga amateraniro hakiri kare, hanyuma ababwiriza bakajyaga mu murimo wo kubwiriza bakageza nijoro.
Buri gihe nashakaga igihe cyo kwita ku bakiri bato mu matorero, kuko ari bo baba bazavamo ababwiriza kandi nyuma yaho bakazahabwa izindi nshingano z’inyongera. Kubona ukuntu benshi muri bo bakomeje gushikama badatinya bityo bakagaragaza ko bari bafitanye na Yehova imishyikirano ya bwite nubwo bari bakiri bato, ni ibintu byiza cyane.
Urugero, mu ntara y’amajyepfo, hari umwana ufite imyaka 11 witwa Luc. Bamusabye kuririmba indirimbo yubahiriza igihugu mu ishuri. Aho kuyiririmba, yasabye mu kinyabupfura niba yaririmba imwe mu ndirimbo zacu z’Ubwami. Mwarimu yarabyemeye, maze Luc arangije kuririmba iyo ndirimbo bose bakoma mu mashyi. Kuba atari azi injyana yayo gusa, ahubwo akaba yari azi n’amagambo yayo, bigaragaza ko uwo mwana yashimishwaga no gusingiza Umuremyi we. Iyo nkuru ndetse n’izindi, zanteye inkunga. Nanone nahuye na mushiki wacu wari warigeze gufungwa azira kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Igihe yari muri gereza, yabyaye umwana amwita Shikama Hodari (mu giswayire bisobanurwa ngo “komeza gushikama”). Shikama yabayeho ahuje n’izina rye. Mu minsi ishize yize Ishuri rya Bibiliya ry’Abavandimwe b’Abaseribateri, kandi ni umukozi w’itorero akaba n’umupayiniya wa bwite.
Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi abavandimwe bo mu Rwanda bamaze bihanganira ingorane zikomeye, hakubiyemo kubwiriza umurimo warabuzanyijwe, intambara na jenoside, buri gihe nakorwaga ku mutima n’ishyaka bagiraga mu murimo kandi bagakomeza kuba abizerwa, kandi numva ari imigisha ikomeye kuba nkorana na bo. Nanone buri gihe niboneraga ukuntu Yehova ampa imigisha, urugero nk’ukuntu yandindaga kandi akanshyigikira, ibyo bikaba bituma ndushaho kumwegera. Koko rero, Yehova yakoze ibintu bikomeye kandi bihebuje!—Zab 136:4.
[Imbonerahamwe/Amafoto yo ku mapaji ya 254 na 255]
AMATEKA y’u Rwanda
1970
1970 Raporo ya mbere y’ababwiriza.
1975 Umuryango wa mbere w’Abanyarwanda utahuka uvuye muri Kongo.
1976 Agatabo “Ubu Butumwa Bgiza bg’Ubgami” gasohoka mu kinyarwanda.
1978 Igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi isohoka buri kwezi icapwa mu kinyarwanda.
1980
1982 Umurimo ubuzanywa, abavandimwe bari bafite inshingano bagafungwa.
1986 Ababwiriza bangana na kimwe cya gatatu bafungwa.
1990
1990 Intambara itera mu majyaruguru y’igihugu.
1992 Ikoraniro ry’intara rya mbere ryahuje abavandimwe bo mu gihugu hose.
Umurimo wemerwa na leta.
Abamisiyonari bahagera.
1994 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.
1996 Abamisiyonari bagaruka.
Hashyirwaho Urwego Rushinzwe Umurimo.
1998 Igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi mu kinyarwanda isohokera rimwe n’iy’icyongereza.
1999 Inzu y’Amakoraniro i Kigali yegurirwa Yehova.
2000
2000 Hashyirwaho ibiro by’ishami.
Urwego Rushinzwe Kubaka Amazu y’Ubwami rutangira gukora.
2001 Haboneka ikibanza cyo kubakamo ibiro by’ishami bishya.
2006 Amazu mashya y’ibiro by’ishami yegurirwa Yehova.
2007 Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya bw’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo isohoka mu kinyarwanda.
2010
2010 Bibiliya yuzuye y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya isohoka mu kinyarwanda.
[Imbonerahamwe/Ifoto yo ku ipaji 234]
(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)
Ababwiriza bose
Abapayiniya bose
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
[Amakarita yo ku ipaji ya 167]
(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)
UGANDA
REPUBULIKA IHARANIRA DEMOKARASI YA KONGO
Ikirunga cya Nyiragongo
Goma
Bukavu
U BURUNDI
TANZANIYA
U RWANDA
KIGALI
IBIRUNGA
Ikirunga cya Karisimbi
Ruhengeri (ubu ni Musanze)
Gisenyi (ubu ni Rubavu)
Ikiyaga cya Kivu
Kanombe
Masaka
Gitarama (ubu ni Muhanga)
Bugesera
Nyabisindu (ubu ni Nyanza)
Save
Butare (ubu ni Huye)
Koma y’isi
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 164 n’iya 165]
Uburobyi mu kiyaga cya Kivu
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 169]
Mwaisoba Oden na Enea
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 170]
Rwakabubu Gaspard n’umukobwa we Débora n’umugore we Melanie
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 171]
Agatabo “Ubu Butumwa Bgiza bg’Ubgami” mu kinyarwanda
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 172]
Rwagatore Justin
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 172]
Mugarura Ferdinand
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 173]
Abavandimwe batatu babatijwe mu mwaka wa 1976: Harerimana Leopold, Twagirayezu Pierre, na Bazatsinda Emmanuel
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 174]
Ibitabo mu kinyarwanda
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 179]
Hakizumwami Phocas
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 180]
Nsanzurwimo Palatin n’umugore we (iburyo) n’abana babo
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 181]
Mukandekezi Odette
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 182]
Henry Ssenyonga ari ku ipikipiki ye
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 188]
Icyemezo cy’ubuzima gatozi, ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1992
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 190]
Abavandimwe bakuraho akazu ka podiyumu kugira ngo habe umupira w’amaguru
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 192]
Leonard na Nancy Ellis (hagati) n’umuryango wa Rwakabubu n’uwa Sombe
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 193]
Ibisigazwa by’indege hafi y’i Kigali
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 199]
“Twabuze ubuvandimwe”: urwibutso rwo kuri Kiliziya Gatolika yo ku Kibuye (ubu ni Karongi)
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 214]
Kuva ibumoso ugana iburyo: (inyuma) Twahirwa André, Jean de Dieu, Immaculée, Chantal (afite umwana), Suzana; (imbere) abana ba Mugabo: Jean-Luc na Agapé
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 216]
Bimenyimana Védaste yigisha umuntu Bibiliya
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 217]
Seminega Tharcisse n’umugore we Chantal
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 218]
Tharcisse na Justin iruhande rw’akazu Tharcisse n’umuryango we bihishemo ukwezi kose
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 226]
Hejuru: Inkambi y’impunzi z’Abahamya b’Abanyarwanda; hepfo: inkambi y’impunzi z’Abahamya n’abandi bantu
I Goma muri Kongo
Benaco muri Tanzaniya
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 229]
Inzu y’Ubwami yahindutse ibitaro
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 238]
Oreste n’umuryango we, mu wa 1996
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 240]
Munyampundu Théobald na Berancille
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 241]
Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu b’Abatutsi n’Abahutu basiza ikibanza cy’ahari hagiye kubakwa Inzu y’Amakoraniro
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 242]
Inzu y’Amakoraniro i Kigali, mu wa 2006
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 243]
Ishuri ry’Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo i Kigali, mu wa 2008
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 246]
Porogaramu y’ururimi rw’amarenga mu ikoraniro ryihariye ku Gisenyi, mu wa 2011
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 248]
Hakizimana François-Xavier
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 252 n’iya 253]
Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakorana na “Nyir’ibisarurwa” muri uwo murima urumbuka, kandi ntibafite umugambi wo kudohoka