Igitabo cy’abahowe Imana cya Jean Crespin

MU MWAKA wa 1546, abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika b’i Meaux mu Bufaransa, bahamije abagabo 14 icyaha cy’ubuhakanyi, maze babaha igihano cyo kubatwika ari bazima. Baregwaga iki? Baregwaga ko bateraniraga mu ngo, bagasenga, bakaririmba za zaburi kandi bakizihiza Isangira rya Nyagasani. Nanone bavugaga ko batazigera bemera “ibishushanyo bisengwa byazanywe n’abapapa.”

Ku munsi bari kwicirwaho, umwarimu muri Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma witwa François Picard, yagishije impaka abo bantu bari bagiye kwicwa, ababaza ibyo bizera ku birebana n’Isangira rya Nyagasani. Na bo bamushubije bamubaza ibirebana n’inyigisho ya Kiliziya Gatolika, ivuga ko umugati na divayi bikoreshwa mu kwizihiza uwo munsi mukuru, bihinduka umubiri wa Yesu n’amaraso ye mu buryo bw’igitangaza. Abo bantu baramubajije bati “ese iyo umuntu ariye uwo mugati yumva ari inyama, cyangwa iyo anyoye iyo divayi yumva ari amaraso?”

Nubwo uwo mwarimu atabonye icyo asubiza abo bantu 14, ntibyatumye batabazirika ku biti ngo babatwike ari bazima. Abari bagifite ururimi baririmbye za zaburi. Abapadiri bari bahagaze hafi aho bagerageje kuburizamo amajwi yabo, maze na bo baririmba mu ijwi ryo hejuru cyane kubarusha. Bukeye bwaho, Picard yatangarije aho hantu ba bantu 14 biciwe, ko bahanishijwe kujya mu muriro w’iteka.

Mu myaka ya 1500, umuntu witandukanyaga n’idini ari mu Burayi yabaga yikozeho. Abenshi mu bahakanaga ku mugaragaro inyigisho za kiliziya zashinze imizi, bakorerwaga ibikorwa by’agahomamunwa n’abanyamadini babarwanyaga. Kimwe mu bitabo bigaragaza imibabaro abantu nk’abo bahuraga na yo, ni icyitwa Igitabo cy’abahowe Imana (Le Livre des martyrs) cyanditswe na Jean Crespin, kikaba cyarasohotse mu mwaka wa 1554 i Genève mu Busuwisi. Nanone cyitwa Amateka y’abahowe Imana (Histoire des martyrs).a

Umuhanga mu by’amategeko ashyigikira ivugurura

Crespin yavutse ahagana mu mwaka wa 1520, avukira mu mugi wa Arras, ubu hakaba ari mu majyaruguru y’u Bufaransa. Yigiye amategeko mu mugi wa Louvain mu Bubiligi. Birashoboka ko aho ari ho yamenyeye bwa mbere ibitekerezo by’abari bashyigikiye Ivugurura. Mu mwaka wa 1541, Cres­pin yagiye i Paris, aho yabaye umunyamabanga w’umuhanga mu by’amategeko uzwi cyane. Icyo gihe, yiboneye ukuntu uwitwa Claude Le Painctre wari warahamijwe icyaha cy’ubuhakanyi, yatwikiwe ahitwa Place Maubert, mu mugi wa Paris. Crespin yatangajwe cyane n’ukwizera k’uwo mucuzi wa zahabu wari ukiri muto, wishwe azira icyo Crespin yise “gutangariza ukuri ababyeyi be n’incuti ze.”

Muri icyo gihe, Crespin yatangiye gukora imirimo ijyanye n’iby’amategeko mu mugi wa Arras. Icyakora bidatinze, imyizerere ye mishya yatumye na we aregwa ubuhakanyi. Yahise ahungira i Strasbourg mu Bufaransa, nyuma yaho ajya gutura i Genève mu Busuwisi, kugira ngo adashyirwa mu rubanza. Aho ni ho yahuriye n’abandi bantu bari bashyigikiye Ivugurura. Yaje kureka akazi yakoraga kajyanye n’iby’amategeko maze akajya acapa ibitabo.

Crespin yasohoye ibitabo byo mu rwego rw’idini byanditswe n’abari bashyigikiye Ivugurura, urugero nka Jean Calvin, Martin Luther, John Knox na Theodore Beza. Yacapye umwandiko wa Bibiliya w’ikigiriki bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya, acapa na Bibiliya yose cyangwa ibice byayo mu cyongereza, igifaransa, igitaliyani, ikilatini n’icyesipanyoli. Icyakora igitabo cyatumye amenyekana cyane, ni Igitabo cy’abahowe Imana. Muri icyo gitabo, yashyizemo urutonde rw’abantu benshi bishwe bazira ubuhakanyi, hagati y’umwaka wa 1415 n’uwa 1554.

Impamvu abantu bashishikazwa no kwandika iby’abahowe Imana

Ibyinshi mu bitabo byanditswe n’abari bashyigikiye Ivugurura byabaga byamagana ubugome bw’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika. Byateraga abaturage inkunga, bibereka “ubutwari” bw’Abaporotesitanti bahowe Imana, bikabagaragariza ko ari imibabaro abagaragu b’Imana ba kera bahuye na yo yari igikomeza, harimo n’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Crespin yakoze urutonde rw’abantu bishwe bazira ukwizera kwabo, kugira ngo ahe bagenzi be b’Abaporotesitanti ingero z’abantu bakwiriye kwigana.b

Igitabo Crespin yanditse kirimo inkuru zivuga imanza z’abaregwaga, ibibazo babahase, ubuhamya bwatanzwe n’ababyiboneye hamwe n’ubwo abaregwaga banditse igihe bari bafunzwe. Nanone harimo amabaruwa abantu bandikiraga ababaga bafunzwe babatera inkunga, amwe muri yo akaba yari arimo imirongo myinshi yo muri Bibiliya. Cres­pin yumvaga ko abantu “bakwiriye guhora bibuka” ukwizera kwagaragajwe n’abanditse ayo mabaruwa.

Ibyinshi mu bintu birebana n’imyizerere biri mu gitabo cya Crespin, byibanda ku mpaka zizwi cyane zabaye hagati y’Abagatolika n’Abaporotesitanti. Urugero, abatotezwaga n’ababatotezaga bagiye impaka ku birebana no gukoresha amashusho mu gusenga, purugatori n’amasengesho yo gusabira abapfuye. Nanone bajyaga impaka ku birebana no kumenya niba Yesu ahora atambwa buri gihe mu gitambo cya Misa y’Abagatolika, cyangwa niba papa ahagarariye Imana.

Igitabo cy’abahowe Imana ni gihamya y’amakimbirane no kutoroherana byaranze ibyo bihe by’ubugome. Icyakora nubwo Crespin yibanze ku kuntu Abagatolika batoteje Abaporotesitanti, nta wakwirengagiza ko hari n’igihe Abaporotesitanti batoteje Abagatolika, bakabagirira urugomo rukabije nk’urwo na bo babagiriye.

Kuva kera, idini ry’ikinyoma ryiyandurishije “amaraso y’abahanuzi n’abera n’abiciwe mu isi bose.” Nta gushidikanya ko amaraso y’abo bantu bizerwa Imana izi ko bapfuye ari yo bazira, ataka asaba guhorerwa (Ibyahishuwe 6:​9, 10; 18:​24). Birashoboka ko bamwe mu bantu bo mu gihe cya Jean Crespin bababajwe kandi bakicwa bazira ukwizera kwabo, bashakishaga idini ry’ukuri babikuye ku mutima.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 12]

“Igitabo cy’abahowe Imana” cya Crespin (1564)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Abaporotesitanti bicirwa imbere y’Umwami w’u Bufaransa Henri II n’ingoro ye

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13 yavuye]

Amashusho ari ku mapaji yombi: © Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme Français, Paris