ABANTU BA KERA
Didier Érasme
ABANTU babanje kubona ko Érasme (wabayeho ahagana mu mwaka wa 1469-1536), ari we ntiti yari ikomeye mu Burayi bw’icyo gihe. Ariko nyuma yaho baje kumusebya, bavuga ko ari ikigwari n’umuhakanyi. Iyo yabaga ari mu biganiro mpaka ku bijyanye n’amadini, yashyiraga ahabona amakosa y’Abagatolika n’abiyitaga ko baharanira Ivugurura. Muri iki gihe afatwa nk’umuntu wagize uruhare rw’ingenzi mu kuvugurura amadini mu Burayi. Yabigezeho ate?
AMASHURI YIZE N’IMYIZERERE YE
Kuba yarize ikigiriki n’ikilatini, byatumye agereranya Bibiliya zabaga zihinduye mu kilatini, urugero nka Vulgate n’izindi zari zandikishije intoki z’Ibyanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo, bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya. Yaje kubona ko gusobanukirwa Bibiliya ari iby’ingenzi. Ni yo mpamvu yavuze ko Ibyanditswe byagombye guhindurwa mu ndimi zavugwaga icyo gihe.
Érasme ni we watangije Ivugurura muri Kiliziya Gatolika, kuko yari azi ko abantu batagombye kuba Abakristo ku izina gusa. Abari bashyigikiye Ivugurura batangiye kwigaragambya, basaba ko muri Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma haba Ivugurura. Ibyo byatumye Kiliziya itangira kumukeka amababa.
Érasme yashyize ahabona amakosa y’Abagatolika n’ay’abaharaniraga Ivugurura
Mu nyandiko Érasme yanditse, yashyize ahabona ibikorwa by’agahomamunwa by’abihaye Imana, uko bahoraga mu iraha n’ukuntu ba Papa bashyigikiraga intambara. Ntiyemeranyaga n’abayobozi b’amadini bifashishaga imigenzo ya kiliziya, urugero nko kwihana ibyaha, kwambaza abatagatifu n’ingendo ntagatifu, kugira ngo babone uko barya imitsi abayoboke babo. Nanone ntiyari ashyigikiye ibikorwa bya kiliziya, urugero nko gusaba amafaranga abaje kwicuza ibyaha no gutegeka abantu kuba abaseribateri.
UMWANDIKO W’IKIGIRIKI W’ISEZERANO RISHYA
Mu mwaka wa 1516, Érasme yasohoye bwa mbere mu mateka Bibiliya icapye y’Isezerano Rishya mu kigiriki. Iyo Bibiliya yari ikubiyemo Ibyanditswe by’Ikigiriki bya Gikristo mu kilatini n’ibisobanuro, kandi yari itandukanye na Vulgate. Yakomeje kunonosora uwo mwandiko kugeza igihe yawurangirije, haba habonetse Bibiliya ihabanye n’iyitwa Vulgate.
Isezerano Rishya Érasme yahinduye mu kigiriki
Kimwe mu byo izo Bibiliya zombi zari zitandukaniyeho, ni amagambo yo muri 1 Yohana 5:7. Abifuzaga gushyigikira inyigisho idashingiye kuri Bibiliya y’Ubutatu, bongeye amagambo mu buhinduzi bwa Vulgate. Baranditse bati “mu ijuru hari Data, Jambo na Roho Mutagatifu. Bose uko ari batatu ni umwe.” Icyakora Érasme yakuye ayo magambo mu Isezerano Rishya yasohoye incuro ebyiri za mbere, kuko mu mwandiko wandikishijwe intoki w’ikigiriki atarimo. Yayongeyemo ku ncuro ya gatatu nyuma yo kotswa igitutu na Kiliziya.
Iyo Bibiliya ivuguruye yahinduwe na Érasme yatumye haboneka Bibiliya zihinduwe neza mu ndimi z’i Burayi. Martin Luther, William Tyndale, Antonio Brucioli na Francisco de Enzinas ni yo bifashishije igihe bahinduraga Ibyanditswe by’Ikigiriki mu kidage, mu cyongereza, mu gitaliyani no mu cyesipanyoli.
Erasme yabayeho mu gihe hari imidugararo yo mu rwego rw’idini, kandi Isezerano Rishya yahinduye mu kigiriki ryafashije cyane Abaporotesitanti baharaniraga Ivugurura. Hari abamubonaga nk’uwatangije Ivugurura, nubwo mu by’ukuri ryari ritaratangira. Nyuma yaho yanze kujya yifatanya mu biganiro mpaka bijyanye n’idini. Igishishikaje ni uko hashize imyaka irenga 100 umuhanga witwa David Schaff avuze ko “Érasme yarinze apfa nta dini abarizwamo, yaba Kiliziya Gatolika cyangwa Abaporotesitanti.”