Igice cya 36

Umurwa ukomeye uhinduka umusaka

Iyerekwa rya 12​—Ibyahishuwe 18:1 kugeza 19:10

Ibivugwamo: Kugwa no kurimbuka kwa Babuloni Ikomeye; ubukwe bw’Umwana w’Intama butangazwa

Igihe cy’isohozwa: Kuva mu mwaka wa 1919 kugeza nyuma y’umubabaro ukomeye

1. Ni iki kizaba intangiriro y’umubabaro mwinshi?

IRIMBUKA rya Babuloni Ikomeye rizaba ritunguranye, riteye ubwoba kandi ari simusiga. Rizaba ari kimwe mu byago bikomeye kurusha ibindi byose byabayeho mu mateka, kuko rizaba intangiriro y’“umubabaro mwinshi, utigeze kubaho uhereye ku kuremwa kw’isi ukageza none, kandi ntuzongera kubaho.”​—Matayo 24:21.

2. Nubwo ubwami bwa gipolitiki bwagiye bwaduka hanyuma bukagwa, ni ubuhe bwami bwagumyeho?

² Idini ry’ikinyoma si irya none. Ryakomeje kubaho uhereye igihe cy’umwicanyi Nimurodi, warwanyije Yehova kandi agakoranyiriza abantu kubaka Umunara wa Babeli. Igihe Yehova yasobanyaga indimi z’abo bantu b’ibyigomeke kandi akabatatanyiriza ku isi, bajyanye n’idini ryabo ry’ikinyoma ry’i Babuloni (Itangiriro 10:8-10; 11:4-9). Kuva icyo gihe, ubwami bwa gipolitiki bwagiye bwaduka nyuma bukagwa, ariko idini ry’i Babuloni ryo ryakomeje kubaho. Ryagiye rihindura isura n’imiterere yaryo maze rihinduka ubutware bw’isi yose bw’idini ry’ikinyoma, ari yo Babuloni Ikomeye ivugwa mu buhanuzi. Igice cy’ingenzi mu biyigize ni amadini yiyita aya gikristo, akomoka ku ruvange rw’inyigisho za kera z’i Babuloni n’inyigisho za ‘gikristo’ z’abahakanyi. Kubera ko Babuloni Ikomeye ari iya kera cyane mu mateka, kwemera ko izarimbuka bigora abantu benshi.

3. Ni mu buhe buryo Ibyahishuwe bihamya iby’irimbuka ry’idini ry’ikinyoma?

³ Byari bikwiriye rero ko Ibyahishuwe bihamya iby’irimbuka ry’idini ry’ikinyoma biduha ibisobanuro birambuye by’uburyo bubiri ku birebana no kugwa kwaryo, hamwe n’ibyari gukurikiraho bikayigeza ku irimbuka ryayo rya burundu. Twamaze kwerekwa idini ry’ikinyoma mu ishusho ya “maraya ukomeye” waje kurimburwa n’abahoze ari abasambane be b’abanyapolitiki (Ibyahishuwe 17:1, 15, 16). None mu rindi yerekwa, turamwerekwa ari umudugudu w’ikigereranyo cyo mu rwego rw’idini cya Babuloni ya kera.

Kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye

4. (a) Ni irihe yerekwa rindi Yohana yabonye? (b) Ni gute dushobora kumenya marayika uwo, kandi kuki bikwiriye ko ari we utangaza ibyo kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye?

⁴ Yohana akomeza inkuru ye agira ati “hanyuma y’ibyo mbona marayika wundi amanuka ava mu ijuru afite ubutware bukomeye isi imurikirwa n’ubwiza bwe. Arangurura ijwi rirenga ati ‘iraguye iraguye, Babuloni ikomeye!’” (Ibyahishuwe 18:1, 2a). Ni ubwa kabiri Yohana yumva iryo tangazo rya marayika. (Reba Ibyahishuwe 14:8.) Ubu bwo ariko, agaciro k’iryo tangazo gatsindagirizwa n’ubwiza bwa marayika wo mu ijuru uritanze, kuko ubwiza bwe bumurikira isi yose. Uwo yaba ari nde? Ibinyejana byinshi mbere yaho, umuhanuzi Ezekiyeli yavuze iby’iyerekwa ry’ibyo mu ijuru agira ati “isi imurikirwa n’ubwiza bwayo [Yehova]” (Ezekiyeli 43:2). Marayika ushobora kurabagirana ubwiza bwagereranywa n’ubwa Yehova, ni Umwami Yesu wenyine, kuko ari we ‘kurabagirana k’ubwiza bw’[Imana] n’ishusho ya kamere yayo’ (Abaheburayo 1:3). Mu mwaka wa 1914, Yesu yabaye Umwami wo mu ijuru, kandi uhereye icyo gihe, afite ubutware ku isi ari Umwami n’Umucamanza afatanyije na Yehova. Birakwiriye rero ko yaba ari we utangaza ibyo kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye.​—Matayo 25:31, 32.

5. (a) Ni nde marayika akoresha mu gutangaza ibyo kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye? (b) Ni ryari urubanza rwatangiriye mu biyitaga ‘inzu y’Imana,’ kandi byagendekeye bite amadini yiyita aya gikristo?

⁵ Ni nde uwo mumarayika ufite ubutware bukomeye akoresha mu gutangariza abantu iyo nkuru itangaje? Ni ababohowe bitewe no kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye, ni ukuvuga abasigaye basizwe bakiri ku isi, ari bo tsinda rya Yohana. Uhereye mu mwaka wa 1914 kugeza 1918, bababarijwe cyane mu maboko ya Babuloni Ikomeye, ariko mu mwaka wa 1918 Umwami Yehova hamwe n’“intumwa ye y’isezerano [rya Aburahamu]” ari yo Yesu Kristo, batangiye guca imanza bahereye ‘mu nzu y’Imana,’ ni ukuvuga abiyitaga Abakristo. Ubwo ni bwo amadini yiyita aya gikristo y’abahakanyi yatangiye gucirwa urubanza (Malaki 3:1; 1 Petero 4:17). Umwenda wayo munini w’amaraso yishyizeho mu gihe cy’intambara ya mbere y’isi yose, ubugambanyi bwayo mu gutoteza Abahamya ba Yehova b’indahemuka n’imyizerere yayo ikomoka i Babuloni, nta cyo byayamariye muri icyo gihe cy’urubanza, kandi nta n’ikindi gice na kimwe mu bigize Babuloni Ikomeye cyagaragaje ko cyari gikwiriye kwemerwa n’Imana.​—Gereranya na Yesaya 13:1-9.

6. Kuki twavuga ko Babuloni Ikomeye yaguye mu mwaka wa 1919?

⁶ Bityo mu mwaka wa 1919, Babuloni Ikomeye yaraguye, bituma mu munsi umwe mu buryo runaka, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana babohorwa maze basubizwa mu gihugu cyabo, ni ukuvuga mu burumbuke bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka (Yesaya 66:8). Kugeza muri uwo mwaka, Yehova Imana na Yesu Kristo, ari bo Dariyo Mukuru na Kuro Mukuru, bari baratumye ibintu bigera aho idini ry’ikinyoma ritari rigishoboye guheza abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova mu bubata bwaryo. Ntiryari rigishoboye kubabuza gukorera Yehova no kumenyesha abashoboraga kumva bose ko maraya, ari yo Babuloni Ikomeye, yaciriweho iteka ryo kurimbuka, kandi ko igihe cyo kuvana igitutsi ku butegetsi bw’ikirenga bwa Yehova cyari cyegereje!​—Yesaya 45:1-4; Daniyeli 5:30, 31.

7. (a) Nubwo Babuloni Ikomeye itarimbuwe mu mwaka wa 1919, Yehova yayibonaga ate? (b) Igihe Babuloni Ikomeye yagwaga mu mwaka wa 1919, byagize izihe ngaruka ku bagize ubwoko bwa Yehova?

⁷ Ni iby’ukuri ko Babuloni Ikomeye itarimbutse mu mwaka wa 1919, kimwe n’uko umurwa wa kera wa Babuloni utashenywe mu mwaka wa 539 Mbere ya Yesu, igihe wigarurirwaga n’ingabo zari ziyobowe na Kuro w’Umuperesi. Ariko mu maso ya Yehova, uwo muteguro wari waraguye. Wari waraciriweho iteka, utegereje kurimburwa. Ubwo rero, idini ry’ikinyoma ntiryari rigishoboye guheza abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova mu bubata bwaryo. (Gereranya na Luka 9:59, 60.) Barabohowe kugira ngo bakorere Shebuja bagize umugaragu ukiranuka w’ubwenge, batanga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu gihe gikwiriye. Barashimwe bituma Shebuja ababwira ati “nuko nuko,” maze abaha ubutumwa bwo kongera gukora umurimo wa Yehova bashyizeho umwete.​—Matayo 24:45-47; 25:21, 23; Ibyakozwe 1:8.

8. Ni iki umurinzi uvugwa muri Yesaya 21:8, 9 atangaza, kandi uwo murinzi ashushanya nde muri iki gihe?

⁸ Hashize imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi Yehova akoresheje abandi bahanuzi mu gutangaza ibyo bintu bitazibagirana mu mateka. Urugero, Yesaya yavuze iby’umurinzi ‘wavuze nk’intare ati “Nyagasani, mpora mpagaze ku munara w’abarinzi ku manywa, nkajya ndara ku ijoro ndi ku gihe cyanjye.”’ Ni ibihe bintu uwo murinzi yabonye maze akabitangazanya ubutwari nk’intare? Ni ibi bikurikira: “I Babuloni haraguye, haraguye! N’ibishushanyo bibajwe by’ibigirwamana byose biravunaguritse bigeza ku butaka” (Yesaya 21:8, 9). Uwo murinzi agereranywa neza n’itsinda rya Yohana ryo muri iki gihe riri maso cyane, rikaba rikoresha igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi n’izindi mfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu gutangaza hose ko Babuloni yaguye.

Guhenebera kwa Babuloni Ikomeye

9, 10. (a) Ni gute imbaraga z’idini rikomoka i Babuloni zagiye zikendera uhereye mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose? (b) Ni mu yahe magambo marayika ukomeye avugamo imimerere Babuloni Ikomeye irimo bitewe no kugwa kwayo?

⁹ Kugwa kwa Babuloni ya kera mu mwaka wa 539 mbere ya Yesu kwabaye intangiriro y’igihe kirekire yamaze igenda isenyuka kugeza aho ibereye amatongo. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, kuva mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi yose, imbaraga z’idini rikomoka i Babuloni zatangiye gukendera mu buryo bugaragara ku isi hose. Mu Buyapani, gusenga umwami w’abami mu idini rya Shinto byaraciwe nyuma y’intambara ya kabiri y’isi yose. Mu Bushinwa, ubutegetsi bwa gikomunisiti bugenzura ishyirwaho ry’abayobozi b’amadini n’ibikorwa byayo byose. Mu bihugu byiganjemo idini ry’Abaporotesitanti byo mu Burayi bw’Amajyaruguru, abantu benshi ntibagishishikazwa n’iby’idini. Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma na yo vuba aha yacogojwe n’ibyo kwiremamo ibice no kutavuga rumwe mu isi yose.​—Gereranya na Mariko 3:24-26.

¹⁰ Nta gushidikanya ko ibyo byose ari bimwe mu bigize icyiswe ‘gukama k’uruzi Ufurate,’ gutegura igitero cy’ingabo kigiye kugabwa kuri Babuloni Ikomeye. Nanone uko ‘gukama’ kugaragarira mu magambo yavuzwe na Papa mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1986, ubwo yatangazaga ko kiliziya igomba “kongera gusabiriza,” bitewe n’ibihombo bikabije yagize (Ibyahishuwe 16:12). Uhereye mu mwaka wa 1919, Babuloni Ikomeye yagiye ishyirwa ahabona mu buryo bwihariye, kugira ngo bigaragarire bose ko yabaye ubutayu mu buryo bw’umwuka, nk’uko marayika abivuga hano agira ati “ihindutse icumbi ry’abadayimoni, aharindirwa imyuka mibi yose n’ibisiga byose bihumanye kandi byangwa!” (Ibyahishuwe 18:2b). Vuba aha, igiye guhinduka ubutayu mu buryo nyabwo, ahantu hahindutse umusaka nk’uko bimeze ku matongo y’i Babuloni ari muri Iraki muri iki gihe.​—Reba nanone Yeremiya 50:25-28.

11. Ni mu buhe buryo Babuloni Ikomeye yahindutse ‘icumbi ry’abadayimoni’ n’‘aharindirwa imyuka mibi yose n’ibisiga bihumanye’?

¹¹ Ijambo “abadayimoni” ryakoreshejwe aha, rishobora kuba rifitanye isano n’amagambo ngo ‘abadayimoni basa n’amasekurume y’ihene’ (se‘i·rimʹ) aboneka mu magambo ya Yesaya, igihe yavugaga ibyo kugwa kwa Babuloni agira ati ‘ahubwo inyamaswa z’inkazi zo mu butayu ni zo zizahaba, amazu yabo azababwamo n’ibikoko bitera ubwoba, imbuni zizahaba n’[“abadayimoni basa n’amasekurume y’ihene,” NW] bazahateranira’ (Yesaya 13:21). Birashoboka ko iryo jambo riterekeza ku badayimoni nyabadayimoni, ahubwo rikaba ryerekeza ku nyamaswa z’ibikomo ziba mu butayu zifite isura ituma abazibona batekereza ku badayimoni. Kuba izo nyamaswa, kimwe n’umwuka uhumanya (“imyuka mibi”) hamwe n’ibisiga bihumanye biri mu matongo ya Babuloni Ikomeye mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo, bisobanura ko yapfuye mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nta byiringiro by’ubuzima ifitiye abantu.​—Gereranya n’Abefeso 2:1, 2.

12. Ni gute imimerere Babuloni Ikomeye irimo ihuza n’ubuhanuzi buri muri Yeremiya igice cya 50?

¹² Nanone imimerere Babuloni Ikomeye irimo, ihuje n’ibivugwa mu buhanuzi bwa Yeremiya bugira buti “inkota igeze ku Bakaludaya no ku batuye i Babuloni, no ku bikomangoma byaho no ku banyabwenge baho. . . . Izuba rigeze ku mazi yaho kandi azakama, kuko ari igihugu cy’ibishushanyo bibajwe kandi ibigirwamana byabo byabatwaye umutima. Ni cyo gituma inyamaswa zo mu kidaturwa n’amasega ari ho bizaba, n’imbuni zizahaba kandi ntihazongera guturwamo iteka ryose, ntabwo hazaturwamo uko ibihe biha ibindi.” Gusenga ibigirwamana n’amasengesho y’urudaca asubirwamo ntibizashobora gutuma Babuloni Ikomeye itagerwaho n’igihano gisa n’icyo Imana yahanishije Sodomu na Gomora.​—Yeremiya 50:35-40.

Inzoga z’uburakari

13. (a) Ni mu yahe magambo marayika ukomeye avugamo uko Babuloni Ikomeye yasambanye mu rugero rwagutse? (b) Ni ubuhe bwiyandarike bwari bwiganje muri Babuloni ya kera buboneka no muri Babuloni Ikomeye?

¹³ Marayika ukomeye akomeza yerekana ukuntu Babuloni Ikomeye yasambanye mu rugero rwagutse agira ati “kuko amahanga yose yaguye mu mutego w’inzoga z’uburakari, ni ukuvuga inzoga z’ubusambanyi bwayo, kandi n’abami bo mu isi basambanaga na yo, n’abacuruzi bo mu isi bakungahajwe n’iraha ryayo ryinshi ry’urukozasoni” (Ibyahishuwe 18:3, “NW”). Babuloni Ikomeye yigishije amahanga yose inyigisho zayo z’idini zihumanye. Nk’uko umuhanga mu by’amateka w’Umugiriki witwaga Hérodote abivuga, muri Babuloni ya kera, buri mugore wese yasabwaga kwitangira gukora umurimo w’uburaya wajyaniranaga no gusenga mu rusengero incuro imwe mu buzima bwe. Muri iki gihe, mu rusengero rwa Angkor Wat, muri Kamboje, haboneka amashusho y’idini ry’Ababuda yangijwe n’intambara, agaragaza ibikorwa by’ubusambanyi bw’akahebwe. Mu nsengero z’i Khajuraho, mu Buhindi, imana y’Abahindi yitwa Vishnou yerekanwa ikikijwe n’ibishushanyo bigaragaza ubusambanyi buteye ishozi. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ibikorwa by’ubwiyandarike byatahuwe ku bavugabutumwa bo kuri televiziyo mu mwaka wa 1987 no mu wa 1988, kimwe n’ibikorwa byo kuryamana kw’abahuje ibitsina byogeye mu bakuru b’amadini yiyita aya gikristo, bigaragaza ko ayo madini na yo yihanganira ibikorwa by’ubusambanyi bukabije buteye ishozi. Ariko kandi, amahanga yose yaguye mu bundi busambanyi bubi kurushaho.

14-16. (a) Ni iyihe mishyikirano igayitse yari hagati y’idini na politiki mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bw’Abafashisiti mu Butaliyani? (b) Igihe u Butaliyani bwateraga Abisiniya, ni ayahe magambo yatangajwe n’abasenyeri ba Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma?

¹⁴ Twamaze kubona iby’imishyikirano igayitse yaranzwe hagati y’amadini na politiki yatumye Hitileri agera ku butegetsi mu Budage bw’ishyaka rya Nazi. Hari andi mahanga na yo yagiye ahura n’ingorane bitewe no kwivanga kw’amadini mu bya politiki. Urugero, ku itariki ya 11 Gashyantare 1929, igihe u Butaliyani bwatwarwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bw’Abafashisiti, Amasezerano y’i Latarani yashyizweho umukono na Mussolini na Karidinali Gasparri, yatumye Umugi wa Vatikani uba Leta yigenga. Papa Piyo wa 11 yemeje ko “u Butaliyani abushubije Imana, kandi ko Imana na yo ayishubije u Butaliyani.” Ese ibyo byari ukuri? Dore uko byagenze nyuma y’imyaka itandatu. Ku itariki ya 3 Ukwakira 1935, u Butaliyani bwateye Abisiniya bwitwaje ko ngo ari “igihugu cy’abagome kigikoresha ubucakara.” Ubwo se koko, umugome yari nde? Ese Kiliziya Gatolika yaba yaramaganye ubugome bwa Mussolini? Mu gihe Papa yiyerurutsaga avuga ibintu bidafututse, abasenyeri be bo bareruye baha imigisha ingabo z’igihugu ngo “cyababyaye” cy’u Butaliyani. Uwitwa Anthony Rhodes yagize icyo abyandikaho muri aya magambo:

¹⁵ “Mu rwandiko rw’ubushumba rwanditswe na Musenyeri wa Udine [mu Butaliyani] rwo ku itariki ya 19 Ukwakira [1935], yagize ati ‘igikwiriye kuri twe si ukumenya aho ukuri kuri muri iki kibazo, ahubwo ikitureba twe Abataliyani, kandi cyane cyane kuri twe Abakristo, ni uruhare rwacu mu byatuma intwaro zacu zitsinda.’ Ku itariki ya 21 Ukwakira, Musenyeri w’i Paduwa we yaranditse ati ‘muri ibi bihe biruhije turimo, turabasaba kugirira icyizere abayobozi bacu n’ingabo zacu.’ Ku itariki ya 24 Ukwakira, Musenyeri w’i Crémone we yatuye Imana amwe mu mabendera y’ingabo, kandi yungamo ati ‘Imana ihe umugisha aba basirikare bazigarurira ibihugu bishya kandi birumbuka ku butaka bw’Abanyafurika ku bw’inyungu z’ubuhanga bw’Abataliyani, bityo bakazanabatoza umuco wa kiromani n’uwa gikristo. U Butaliyani nibwongere bube umujyanama wa gikristo w’isi yose.’”​—The Vatican in the Age of the Dictators.

¹⁶ Nguko uko Abisiniya yatewe bihawe umugisha n’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Ese hari n’umwe muri abo bayobozi washoboraga kwihandagaza ngo avuge nk’intumwa Pawulo ati ‘amaraso ya bose ntandiho’?​—Ibyakozwe 20:26.

17. Ni gute Esipanye yagushije ishyano bitewe n’uko abakuru b’idini bananiwe ‘gucura inkota zabo mo impabuzo’?

¹⁷ Uretse u Budage, u Butaliyani na Abisiniya, ikindi gihugu cyazize ubusambanyi bwa Babuloni Ikomeye ni Esipanye. Intambara yashyamiranyije abenegihugu kuva mu mwaka wa 1936 kugeza mu mwaka wa 1939, yatewe ahanini n’ibyemezo guverinoma ishingiye kuri demokarasi yari yafashe byo kugabanya ububasha bukabije bwa Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma. Igihe iyo ntambara yayogozaga ibintu, Franco, umuyobozi w’Umufashisiti w’Umugatolika w’ingabo z’abarwanashyaka b’Abafashisiti yiyise “Umugaba Mukuru w’Umukristo w’Intambara Ntagatifu,” izina ry’icyubahiro yaje kwanga nyuma yaho. Abaturage ba Esipanye baguye mu mirwano babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana. Uretse ibyo kandi, hakurikijwe imibare yo gucishiriza, abarwanashyaka b’ishyaka rya Franco bishe abantu 40.000 bo mu Ishyaka rya Rubanda, naho abo muri iryo shyaka na bo bica abantu 8.000 mu bakuru b’idini, barimo abamwane n’abapadiri basanzwe, hamwe n’ababikira n’abanovisi. Ngiryo ishyano ryatewe n’iyo ntambara yashyamiranyije abenegihugu. Ibyo bigaragaza ukuntu ari iby’ubwenge kwitondera aya magambo ya Yesu agira ati “subiza inkota yawe mu rwubati rwayo, kuko abatwara inkota bose bazicwa n’inkota” (Matayo 26:52). Mbega ukuntu biteye ishozi kubona amadini yiyita aya gikristo agira uruhare mu kumena imivu y’amaraso bene ako kageni! Nta gushidikanya ko abayobozi bayo batashoboye na gato ‘gucura inkota zabo mo amasuka’!​—Yesaya 2:4.

Abacuruzi

18. “Abacuruzi bo mu isi” ni ba nde?

¹⁸ “Abacuruzi bo mu isi” ni ba nde? Muri iki gihe twabita abacuruzi b’abadandaza, abaranguza n’abanyenganda. Ibi ariko ntibivuga ko gukora imirimo y’ubucuruzi bwemewe ari bibi. Ndetse Bibiliya iha abakora imirimo y’ubucuruzi inama zirangwa n’ubwenge, ibasaba kwirinda ubuhemu, umururumba, n’ibindi nk’ibyo (Imigani 11:1; Zekariya 7:9, 10; Yakobo 5:1-5). Inyungu iruta izindi ni ‘ukubaha Imana gufatanyije n’umutima unyuzwe’ (1 Timoteyo 6:6, 17-19). Icyakora, isi ya Satani ntikurikiza amahame akiranuka. Ruswa iraganje. Iratangwa mu madini, mu banyapolitiki no mu bacuruzi bakomeye. Incuro nyinshi, usanga ibinyamakuru bishyira ahagaragara ibikorwa by’urukozasoni, urugero nk’iby’abakozi ba leta bo mu nzego zo hejuru banyereza umutungo bakanacuruza intwaro mu buryo bwa magendu.

19. Ni iki kizwi ku birebana n’ubukungu bw’isi kidufasha kumva impamvu abacuruzi bo mu isi batavugwa neza mu Byahishuwe?

¹⁹ Amafaranga atangwa ku ntwaro mu isi yose asaga miriyari 1.000 z’amadolari buri mwaka, mu gihe abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana badafite ibibatunga bihagije. Ibyo biragayitse rwose. Nyamara kandi, ubucuruzi bw’intwaro busa n’aho ari bwo bugize urufatiro rw’ubukungu bw’isi. Dore icyo ikinyamakuru kimwe cy’i Londres cyabivuzeho ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1987: “habazwe gusa amasosiyete akora iyo mirimo mu buryo butaziguye, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika hakoreshwa abakozi bagera ku 400.000, na 750.000 mu Burayi. Igitangaje ariko, ni uko mu gihe uruhare rw’inganda zicura intwaro mu birebana n’imibereho y’abaturage no mu by’ubukungu rugenda rurushaho kwiyongera, ikibazo gihari cyo kumenya niba ibihugu bizicura byo birinzwe bihagije cyabaye cyibagiranye” (Spectator). Ibyo bihugu bibonera inyungu nyinshi mu kugurisha za bombe n’izindi ntwaro zoherezwa mu isi yose, ndetse no mu bashobora kuba abanzi babyo. Wenda igihe kimwe, izo bombe zishobora kuzakoreshwa mu ntambara ya kirimbuzi, zikaba zahitana na bene kuzigurisha. Mbega ishyano! Kuri ibyo, twanakongeraho ibibazo bya ruswa bigendana n’ubucuruzi bw’izo ntwaro. Dukurikije ibivugwa na cya kinyamakuru, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika honyine “buri mwaka Pentagone ihomba mu buryo butumvikana miriyoni 900 z’amadolari mu birebana n’intwaro n’ibikoresho bya gisirikare.” Ntibitangaje rero kuba Ibyahishuwe bitavuga neza abacuruzi bo mu isi!

20. Ni uruhe rugero rugaragaza ko idini ryishora mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi burangwa n’ubuhemu?

²⁰ Nk’uko marayika ufite ikuzo yabihanuye, amadini yishoye cyane mu bikorwa nk’ibyo by’ubucuruzi burangwa n’ubuhemu. Urugero rw’ibyo ni uruhare Vatikani yagize mu gihombo cya Banki Ambrosiano y’u Butaliyani mu mwaka wa 1982. Iby’icyo gihombo byamaze igihe kirekire bigibwaho impaka mu myaka ya 1980. Ikibazo cyaburiwe igisubizo kikaba cyari ukumenya aho amafaranga yarigitiye. Muri Gashyantare 1987, abacamanza b’i Milan basohoye impapuro zatangaga uburenganzira bwo gufata abakuru b’idini batatu b’i Vatikani, barimo arikiyepisikopi wo muri Amerika, baregwa kuba barabaye ibyitso mu gihombo cy’iyo banki gishingiye ku buriganya, nyamara Vatikani yanga ko bafatwa. Muri Nyakanga 1987, muri rwaserera y’imyivumbagatanyo, izo mpapuro zahagaritswe n’Urukiko Rukuru rw’Ubujurire rw’u Butaliyani, rushingiye ku masezerano ya kera Vatikani yigeze kugirana na leta y’u Butaliyani.

21. Tuzi dute ko Yesu atigeze yivanga mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bukemangwa bwo mu gihe cye, ariko se muri iki gihe bimeze bite ku idini rikomoka i Babuloni?

²¹ Ese Yesu yaba yarivanze mu bikorwa by’ubucuruzi bikemangwa byo mu gihe cye? Oya rwose. Nta n’ahantu ho gutura yagiraga, kuko ‘atari afite aho kurambika umusaya.’ Hari ndetse n’umusore w’umutunzi wari n’umutware yagiriye inama ati ‘ibyo ufite byose ubigurishe uhe abakene, ni bwo uzagira ubutunzi mu ijuru, uhereko uze unkurikire.’ Iyo nama yari nziza, kuko yari gutuma uwo musore aruhuka imihangayiko yose igendana n’imirimo y’ubucuruzi (Luka 9:58; 18:22). Ibyo bihabanye n’uko bimeze ku idini rikomoka i Babuloni, kuko incuro nyinshi usanga rifite uruhare mu bikorwa bikemangwa by’ubucuruzi bukomeye. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1987, hari ikinyamakuru kimwe cyavuze ko umucungamari wa arikidiyosezi Gatolika y’i Miami, Florida, ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, yiyemereye ko kiliziya yashoye amafaranga mu masosiyete acura intwaro za kirimbuzi, akora sinema z’akahebwe, n’akora amasegereti.​—Albany Times Union.

‘Bwoko bwanjye nimuwusohokemo’

22. (a) Ijwi ryaturutse mu ijuru ryavuze iki? (b) Ni iki cyatumye ubwoko bw’Imana bwishima mu mwaka wa 537 mbere ya Yesu, no mu mwaka wa 1919?

²² Amagambo akurikira ya Yohana yerekeza ku rindi sohozwa ry’urugero rw’ubuhanuzi, nk’uko Yohana abitubwira agira ati “numva irindi jwi rivugira mu ijuru riti ‘bwoko bwanjye, nimuwusohokemo kugira ngo mwe gufatanya n’ibyaha byawo, mwe guhabwa no ku byago byawo’” (Ibyahishuwe 18:4). Ubuhanuzi bwo kugwa kwa Babuloni ya kera buri mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo na bwo burimo itegeko Yehova yahaye ubwoko bwe agira ati “nimuhunge muve muri Babuloni” (Yeremiya 50:8, 13). Kubera ko irimbuka rya Babuloni Ikomeye ryegereje, ubwoko bwa Yehova na bwo burasabwa guhunga. Mu mwaka wa 537 mbere ya Yesu, Abisirayeli b’indahemuka bashimishijwe cyane no guhabwa uburyo bwo guhunga bakava muri Babuloni. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, ubwoko bw’Imana bwashimishijwe cyane no kubohorwa mu bubata bwa Babuloni mu mwaka wa 1919 (Ibyahishuwe 11:11, 12). Kandi kuva icyo gihe, abandi bantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni na bo bumviye iryo tegeko ryo guhunga.

23. Ni gute ijwi rivuye mu ijuru ritsindagiriza ko guhunga Babuloni Ikomeye byihutirwa?

²³ Ese koko guhunga Babuloni Ikomeye, tuva mu mubare w’abagize amadini y’iyi si kandi tukitandukanya na yo burundu, birihutirwa cyane? Birihutirwa rwose, kuko iryo dini rya kera riteye ukwaryo, ari ryo Babuloni Ikomeye, tugomba kuribona nk’uko Imana ubwayo iribona. Iyivuga uko iri nta guca ku ruhande, iyita maraya ukomeye. Ni yo mpamvu ijwi riturutse mu ijuru ryamenyesheje Yohana ibindi bintu ku byerekeye maraya uwo rigira riti “kuko ibyaha byawo byarundanijwe bikagera mu ijuru, kandi Imana yibutse gukiranirwa kwawo. Muwiture ibihwanye n’ibyo wabagiriye, kandi muwusagirizeho kabiri ibikwiriye ibyo wakoze. Mu gikombe wafunguragamo, muwufunguriremo kabiri. Nk’uko wihimbazaga ukidamararira ukishimisha ibyishimo bibi, mube ari ko muwuha kubabazwa agashinyaguro no kuboroga, kuko wibwira uti ‘Nicara ndi umugabekazi sindi umupfakazi, ni cyo gituma nta gahinda nzagira na hato.’ Ku bw’ibyo, ibyago byawo byose bizaza ku munsi umwe, urupfu n’umuborogo n’inzara kandi uzatwikwa ukongoke, kuko Umwami Imana iwuciriyeho iteka ari iy’imbaraga.”​—Ibyahishuwe 18:5-8.

24. (a) Abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bagomba guhunga Babuloni Ikomeye kugira ngo birinde iki? (b) Abadahunga Babuloni Ikomeye bifatanya na yo mu bihe byaha?

²⁴ Mbega amagambo akomeye! Ni ngombwa rero ko hagira igikorwa. Yeremiya yasabye Abisirayeli bo mu gihe cye kugira icyo bakora nta kuzuyaza, agira ati “nimuhunge muve muri Babuloni . . . kuko ari igihe cyo guhōra k’Uwiteka, azahitura ibihakwiriye. Bwoko bwanjye, nimuhasohokemo, umuntu wese yikize uburakari bw’Uwiteka bukaze” (Yeremiya 51:6, 45). Muri iki gihe nabwo, ijwi riturutse mu ijuru riha ubwoko bw’Imana umuburo wo guhunga Babuloni Ikomeye kugira ngo budahabwa ku byago byayo. Imanza zigereranywa n’ibyago Yehova yaciriye isi, hakubiyemo na Babuloni ikomeye, zirimo ziratangazwa (Ibyahishuwe 8:1 kugeza 9:21; 16:1-21). Abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bagomba kwitandukanya n’idini ry’ikinyoma kugira ngo be kubabazwa n’ibyo byago kandi ngo bapfane na yo. Byongeye kandi, kuguma muri uwo muteguro byatuma bifatanya mu byaha byawo. Na bo babarwaho icyaha cy’ubusambanyi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka n’umwenda w’amaraso y’“abiciwe mu isi bose.”—Ibyahishuwe 18:24; gereranya n’Abefeso 5:11; 1 Timoteyo 5:22.

25. Ni mu buhe buryo ubwoko bwa Yehova bwasohotse muri Babuloni ya kera?

²⁵ Ariko se, ni gute abagize ubwoko bw’Imana basohoka muri Babuloni Ikomeye? Ku byerekeye Babuloni ya kera, Abayahudi bagombaga gukora urugendo bava mu murwa wa Babuloni basubira mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano. Ariko si ibyo gusa. Yesaya yabwiye Abisirayeli amagambo y’ubuhanuzi agira ati “nimugende, nimugende musohokemo ntimukore ku kintu cyose gihumanye, muve muri Babuloni hagati. Yemwe bahetsi baheka ibintu by’Uwiteka, murajye mwiyeza” (Yesaya 52:11). Koko rero, bagombaga kureka imigenzo yanduye y’idini ry’i Babuloni yashoboraga kwanduza gahunda yo gusenga Yehova.

26. Ni gute Abakristo b’i Korinto bumviye itegeko ryagiraga riti ‘nimuve hagati yabo kandi ntimugakore ku kintu gihumanye’?

²⁶ Mu rwandiko intumwa Pawulo yandikiye Abakorinto, yasubiye mu magambo ya Yesaya agira ati “ntimwifatanye n’abatizera mudahwanye. Mbese gukiranuka no gukiranirwa byafatanya bite? Cyangwa umucyo n’umwijima byabana bite? . . . Nuko muve hagati ya ba bandi, mwitandukanye ni ko Uwiteka avuga, kandi ntimugakore ku kintu gihumanye.” Ntibyari ngombwa ko Abakristo b’Abakorinto bava i Korinto kugira ngo bumvire iryo tegeko. Ahubwo mu buryo bw’umubiri bagombaga kwirinda insengero zihumanye z’idini ry’ikinyoma, naho mu buryo bw’umwuka bakitandukanya n’ibikorwa bihumanye by’abasengaga ibigirwamana. Mu mwaka wa 1919, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana batangiye guhunga Babuloni Ikomeye muri ubwo buryo, biyezaho umwanda wose w’inyigisho n’imigenzo yanduye. Ibyo byatumye bashobora gukorera Imana ari ubwoko bwayo bwera.​—2 Abakorinto 6:14-17; 1 Yohana 3:3.

27. Ni irihe sano riri hagati yo gucirwaho iteka kwa Babuloni ya kera n’ukwa Babuloni Ikomeye?

²⁷ Kugwa kwa Babuloni ya kera no kurimbuka kwayo byari igihano cy’ibyaha byayo. ‘Kuko urubanza rwayo rwageze mu ijuru’ (Yeremiya 51:9). Ibyaha bya Babuloni Ikomeye na byo ‘byararundanyijwe bigera mu ijuru,’ kugeza ubwo Yehova ubwe abibona. Irashinjwa kurenganya, gusenga ibigirwamana, ubwiyandarike, gukandamiza, ubujura n’ubwicanyi. Kimwe mu byatumye Babuloni ya kera igwa, ni uko yagombaga kuryozwa ibyo yari yarakoreye urusengero rwa Yehova n’abamusenga by’ukuri (Yeremiya 50:8, 14; 51:11, 35, 36). Kugwa kwa Babuloni Ikomeye no kurimbuka kwayo burundu na byo bizaba ari ukuyiryoza ibyo yakoreye abasenga by’ukuri mu binyejana byinshi. Mu by’ukuri, kurimbuka burundu kwayo bizaba intangiriro y’“umunsi Imana yacu izahoreramo inzigo.”​—Yesaya 34:8-10; 61:2; Yeremiya 50:28.

28. Ni irihe hame ry’ubutabera Yehova azakoresha kuri Babuloni Ikomeye, kandi kuki?

²⁸ Mu gihe cy’Amategeko ya Mose, iyo Umwisirayeli yibaga mugenzi we, yagombaga kumuriha nibura incuro ebyiri (Kuva 21:37; 22:3, 6, 8). Mu irimbuka ryegereje rya Babuloni Ikomeye, Yehova azakoresha ihame nk’iryo ry’ubutabera. Iziturwa incuro ebyiri ibyo yakoze. Nta mbabazi izagirirwa, kuko na yo itazigiriye abo yishe. Yanyunyuje imitsi y’abatuye isi kugira ngo ibone uko ibaho ‘yidamarariye.’ None ubu igiye kubabara no gucura umuborogo. Babuloni ya kera yibwiraga ko iri mu mutekano wuzuye, ikavuga yishongora iti “sinzaba umupfakazi kandi sinzapfusha abana” (Yesaya 47:8, 9, 11). Babuloni Ikomeye na yo yumva ko ifite umutekano. Ariko kandi, irimbuka ryayo ryategetswe n’‘uw’imbaraga’ Yehova rizaba vuba, nko “ku munsi umwe”!

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 263]

“Abami . . . basambanaga na wo”

Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 19, abacuruzi b’i Burayi binjizaga mu buryo bwa magendu ikiyobyabwenge cya opium cyinshi cyane mu Bushinwa. Muri Werurwe 1839, abategetsi b’u Bushinwa bagerageje guhagarika ubwo bucuruzi bunyuranyije n’amategeko, bambura abacuruzi b’Abongereza amasanduku 20.000 y’icyo kiyobyabwenge. Ibyo byakuruye umwuka mubi hagati y’u Bwongereza n’u Bushinwa. Uko imibanire y’ibyo bihugu byombi yagendaga irushaho kuba mibi, bamwe mu bamisiyonari b’Abaporotesitanti bateraga u Bwongereza inkunga yo gushoza intambara, bavuga amagambo nk’aya ngo:

“Izi ngorane zitumye umutima wanjye unezerwa cyane, kuko ntekereza ko bishobora kurakaza leta y’u Bwongereza, maze Imana na yo, mu bubasha bwayo, ikaba yasenya inzitizi zibuza ivanjiri ya Kristo kwinjira mu Bushinwa.”​—Byavuzwe na Henrietta Shuck, umumisiyonari w’Umubatisita.

Amaherezo intambara yaje kurota, intambara muri iki gihe bakunze kwita Intambara ya Opium. Abamisiyonari bashyigikiye u Bwongereza batizigamye, bavuga amagambo nk’aya ngo:

“Mpatiwe kureba icyihishe inyuma y’imimerere y’ibintu iriho ubu, nsanga atari ikibazo cya Opium cyangwa icy’u Bwongereza, ahubwo ko ari umugambi ukomeye w’Imana wo gukoresha ububi bw’abantu mu gusohoza umugambi wayo wo kugirira impuhwe u Bushinwa, itobora urukuta rwayo rwo kwitandukanya n’abandi.”​—Byavuzwe na Peter Parker, umumisiyonari w’Umukongeregasiyonalisiti.

Undi mumisiyonari w’Umukongeregasiyonalisiti witwa Samuel W. Williams, yunzemo ati “ukuboko kw’Imana kugaragara mu bimaze gukorwa byose mu buryo butangaje, kandi ntidushidikanya ko uwavuze ko yaje guteza inkota ku isi yageze ino ngo arimbure vuba abanzi be maze ashyireho ubwami bwe. Azabyubika maze yongere abyubike, kugeza ubwo azashyiraho Umwami w’Amahoro.”

Ku bihereranye n’iyicwa riteye ubwoba ry’Abashinwa, umumisiyonari J. Lewis Shuck yaranditse ati “jye mbona ko ibyo bikorwa . . . ari uburyo butaziguye Nyagasani yakoresheje ngo akureho umwanda wabuzaga Ukuri kw’Imana gutera imbere.”

Umumisiyonari w’Umukongeregasiyonalisiti Elijah C. Bridgman yunzemo ati “akenshi Imana yagiye ikoresha ukuboko gukomeye kw’imbaraga za rubanda mu gutegura inzira y’ubwami bwayo. . . . Muri ibi bihe bikomeye, umuntu ni we wabaye igikoresho, ariko imbaraga zimukoresha ni iz’Imana. Umuyobozi w’ikirenga w’amahanga yose akoresheje u Bwongereza mu guhana no gucisha bugufi u Bushinwa.”​—Aya magambo yakuwe mu mwandiko witwa “Ends and Means,” 1974, wa Stuart Creighton Miller, watangajwe mu gitabo The Missionary Enterprise in China and America (a Harvard Study edited by John K. Fairbank).

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 264]

‘Abacuruzi bo mu isi barahakungahariye’

“Hagati y’umwaka wa 1929 n’igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yatangiraga, [Bernadino] Nogara [umucungamari wa Vatikani] yashoye umutungo wa Vatikani n’abakozi bayo mu nzego nyinshi z’ubukungu bw’u Butaliyani, cyane cyane mu by’amashanyarazi, itumanaho hakoreshejwe telefone, mu mabanki, imihanda mito ya gari ya moshi no mu bikoresho by’ubuhinzi, mu nganda zikora isima n’izikora imyenda. Imyinshi muri iyo mishinga yinjije inyungu nyinshi.

“Nogara amaze kwifatira amasosiyete atari make, arimo La Società Italiana della Viscosa, La Supertessile, La Societa Meridionale Industrie Tessili, na La Cisaraion, yayahurije mu isosiyete imwe, ayita CISA-Viscosa maze ayishinga Baron Francesco Maria Oddasso, umwe mu bantu ba Vatikani bizerwaga cyane kurusha abandi. Nogara uwo yaje gukoresha amayeri kugira ngo iyo sosiyete nshya ifatwe na sosiyete ikomeye kurusha izindi zikora imyenda mu Butaliyani, yitwa SNIA-Viscosa. Inyungu za Vatikani mu isosiyete ya SNIA-Viscosa zagiye ziyongera, maze amaherezo iza kwigarurira ubuyobozi bw’iyo sosiyete, gihamya ikaba ari uko Baron Oddasso yaje kuba visi perezida wayo.

“Nguko uko Nogara yinjiye mu mirimo y’inganda zikora imyenda. Ariko Nogara yagiye yinjira no mu yindi mirimo y’inganda mu bundi buryo, kuko yari umunyamayeri cyane. Uwo muntu w’icyihare . . . ashobora kuba yarakoze ibirenze iby’undi munyemari uwo ari we wese mu kuzahura ubukungu bw’u Butaliyani . . . Nubwo Benito Mussolini atigeze ashobora gushyiraho ubwami bungana n’ubwo yifuzaga cyane, nibura yatumye Vatikani na Bernadino Nogara bashyiraho ubutegetsi bw’ubundi buryo.”​—Byavuye mu gitabo The Vatican Empire, cya Nino Lo Bello, ku ipaji ya 71-73.

Urwo ni urugero rumwe gusa rw’ubufatanye bukomeye hagati y’abacuruzi bo mu isi na Babuloni Ikomeye. Nta gitangaje rero kuba abacuruzi bazaboroga igihe uwo bafatanya mu by’ubucuruzi azaba atakiriho!

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 259]

Uko abantu bagiye batatana bagakwira isi yose, ni na ko bagiye bajyana n’idini rikomoka i Babuloni

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 261]

Kimwe n’umurinzi, itsinda rya Yohana ritangaza ko Babuloni yaguye

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 266]

Amatongo ya Babuloni ya kera ni ikimenyetso cy’irimbuka ryegereje rya Babuloni Ikomeye