Amateka Yabo yo Muri Iki Gihe y’Ukuntu Batangiye n’Uko Bagiye Biyongera

AMATEKA yo muri iki gihe y’Abahamya ba Yehova yatangiye mbere y’imyaka isaga ijana ishize. Mu ntangiriro zo mu myaka ya 1870, i Allegheny, muri Pennsylvania ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, ubu kakaba ari kamwe mu duce tugize Pittsburgh, hatangiye itsinda rito ry’icyigisho cya Bibiliya. Charles Taze Russell ni we wari ku isonga mu batangije iryo tsinda. Muri Nyakanga 1879, hasohotse inomero ya mbere y’igazeti Zion’s Watch Tower and Herald of Christ’s Presence (Umunara w’Umurinzi w’i Siyoni n’Intumwa Itangaza Ukuhaba kwa Kristo). Mu mwaka wa 1880, amatorero menshi yakomokaga kuri iryo tsinda rito ryigaga Bibiliya yari amaze gukwirakwira muri za leta zikikije leta ya Pennsylvania. Mu mwaka wa 1881, hashinzwe Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society maze ihabwa ubuzima gatozi mu mwaka wa 1884, Russell aba ari we uba perezida wayo. Nyuma y’aho, izina rya Sosayiti ryarahindutse riba Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Hari benshi babwirizaga ku nzu n’inzu batanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Abantu bagera kuri mirongo itanu bakoraga umurimo w’igihe cyose mu mwaka wa 1888—ubu umubare wabo ukaba ugera hafi ku 700.000 ku isi hose.

Mu mwaka wa 1909, uwo murimo wari warageze no mu bindi bihugu, kandi icyicaro gikuru cya Sosayiti cyimuriwe aho kiri muri iki gihe, ni ukuvuga i Brooklyn, muri New York. Ibiganiro mbwirwaruhame byanditse byasohorwaga mu binyamakuru, kandi mu mwaka wa 1913 ibyo biganiro byandikwaga mu ndimi enye, bikaba byarasohokaga mu binyamakuru bibarirwa mu bihumbi muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, muri Kanada no mu Burayi. Hari haratanzwe ibitabo, udutabo n’inkuru z’Ubwami bibarirwa muri za miriyoni amagana.

Mu mwaka wa 1912, hatangiye umurimo wo gutegura filimi yitwa “Photo-Drame de la Création.” Yari igizwe na za diyapozitive hamwe n’amashusho aherekejwe n’amajwi, ikaba yarerekanaga ibikubiye mu nkuru ihera ku kuremwa kw’isi kugeza ku iherezo ry’Ubutegetsi bw’Imyaka Igihumbi bwa Kristo. Yatangiye kwerekanwa mu mwaka wa 1914, buri munsi ikaba yararebwaga n’abantu bagera ku 35.000. Ni yo yabimburiye izindi filimi zerekana amashusho aherekejwe n’amajwi.

UMWAKA WA 1914

Ibihe bigoye byari byegereje. Mu mwaka wa 1876, umwigishwa wa Bibiliya, ari we Charles Taze Russell, yahaye ikinyamakuru cyitwaga Bible Examiner, cyandikirwaga i Brooklyn muri New York, ingingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibihe by’Abanyamahanga: Bizarangira Ryari?”; mu nomero y’icyo kinyamakuru yo mu kwezi k’Ukwakira, ku ipaji ya 27, hakaba hari aya magambo agira ati “ibihe birindwi bizarangira mu mwaka wa 1914 I.C.” Mu bundi buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya, Ibihe by’Abanyamahanga bivugwaho ko ari “ibihe byagenwe by’amahanga” (Luka 21:24, NW). N’ubwo ibyari byitezwe mu mwaka wa 1914 atari ko byose byasohoye, uwo mwaka wabaye iherezo ry’Ibihe by’Abanyamahanga, kandi wabaye umwaka w’ingenzi mu buryo bwihariye. Abahanga benshi mu by’amateka, hamwe n’abahanga mu gusobanura ibintu n’ibindi, bemera ko umwaka wa 1914 wabaye intangiriro y’ihinduka rikomeye mu mateka y’abantu. Ibyo bigaragazwa n’amagambo akurikira:

“Umwaka wa nyuma ‘usanzwe’ rwose mu mateka wari umwaka wa 1913, umwaka wabanjirije Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose.”—Ijambo ry’ibanze ryo mu kinyamakuru cyitwa Times-Herald, Washington, D.C., cyo ku itariki ya 13 Werurwe 1949.

“Abahanga mu by’amateka baragenda barushaho kubona ko imyaka 75 y’igihe kiri hagati y’umwaka wa 1914 n’uwa 1989, yabayemo intambara ebyiri z’isi yose n’intambara yo kurebana igitsure, ari igihe kimwe rukumbi cyihariye, igihe kidafite ikindi bihwanye, igihe igice kinini cy’isi cyabaga kiri mu ntambara, kiyivuyemo cyangwa kiyitegura.”—Byavanywe mu kinyamakuru cyitwa The New York Times, cyo ku itariki ya 7 Gicurasi 1995.

“Mu by’ukuri, isi yose uko yakabaye yashenywe n’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose, na n’ubu tukaba tutazi impamvu. Mbere y’aho, abantu bibwiraga ko igihe kirangwa n’ibyishimo kuri buri muntu wese cyari cyegereje. Hariho amahoro n’uburumbuke. Hanyuma ibintu byose biba birasenyutse. Uhereye icyo gihe, tumeze nk’abaguye igihumura . . . Umubare w’abantu bishwe muri iki kinyejana uruta uw’abishwe mu mateka yose ya kimuntu.”—Byavuzwe na Dr. Walker Percy, mu kinyamakuru cyitwa American Medical News cyo ku itariki ya 21 Ugushyingo 1977.

Nyuma y’imyaka isaga 50 uhereye mu mwaka wa 1914, Umunyapolitiki w’Umudage witwa Konrad Adenauer yaranditse ati “kuva mu mwaka wa 1914, umutekano n’ituze byarazimiye mu mibereho y’abantu.”—Byavanywe mu kinyamakuru cyitwa The West Parker cy’i Cleveland, Ohio, cyo ku itariki ya 20 Mutarama 1966.

Perezida wa mbere wa Sosayiti, ari we C. T. Russell, yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1916, maze asimburwa na Joseph F. Rutherford mu mwaka wakurikiyeho. Hari byinshi byahindutse. Hatangiye kwandikwa igazeti igendana n’Umunara w’Umurinzi yitwaga L’Âge d’Or. (Ubu yitwa Réveillez-vous!, ikaba isohoka ari kopi zisaga 20.000.000 mu ndimi zisaga 80.) Umurimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu waratsindagirijwe cyane. Kugira ngo abo Bakristo bitandukanye n’amadini ya Kristendomu, bafashe izina ry’Abahamya ba Yehova mu mwaka wa 1931. Iryo zina rishingiye muri Yesaya 43:10-12.

Mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930 hakoreshejwe radiyo mu rugero rwagutse. Mu mwaka wa 1933, Sosayiti yakoreshaga za sitasiyo za radiyo zigera kuri 403 mu gutanga za disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Nyuma y’aho, ibyo gukoresha radiyo byagiye birushaho gusimbuzwa umurimo wo kujya gusura abantu ku nzu n’inzu, wakorwaga n’Abahamya babaga bitwaje ibyuma byasohoraga amajwi ya za disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Abantu bose babaga bagaragaje ko bashimishijwe n’ukuri kwa Bibiliya, babatangizaga ibyigisho bya Bibiliya byo mu rugo.

IBIGWI BYO GUTSINDA MU NKIKO

Mu myaka ya 1930 na 1940, Abahamya benshi barafashwe bazira uwo murimo, maze baburana mu nkiko baharanira uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo umuntu atekereza, kwandika ibitabo, guteranira hamwe no kuyoboka Imana. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, kujuririra imyanzuro yabaga yafashwe n’inkiko zo hasi byatumye Abahamya batsinda imanza 43 imbere y’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, inkiko z’ikirenga zo mu bindi bihugu na zo zagiye zibarenganura. Ku birebana n’uko gutsinda mu nkiko, Umwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa C. S. Braden yavuze ku bihereranye n’Abahamya mu gitabo cye cyitwa These Also Believe, ati “bagize uruhare rugaragara mu guteza imbere demokarasi binyuriye mu mihati yabo yo guharanira uburenganzira bwa rubanda, kubera ko muri iyo mihati yabo bageze kuri byinshi mu kurengera ubwo burenganzira kuri buri tsinda rya rubanda nyamuke muri Amerika.”

POROGARAMU ZIHARIYE Z’AMAHUGURWA

J. F. Rutherford yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1942 maze asimburwa na N. H. Knorr ku mwanya wa perezida. Hatangijwe porogaramu iteguwe y’amahugurwa. Mu mwaka wa 1943, hashinzwe ishuri ryihariye rihugura abamisiyonari, ryitwa Ishuri rya Bibiliya rya Watchtower ry’i Galeedi. Uhereye icyo gihe, abanyeshuri bahabwa impamyabumenyi muri iryo shuri bagiye boherezwa mu bihugu byo ku isi hose. Amatorero mashya yagiye atangizwa mu bihugu bitarimo itorero na rimwe, hanashyirwaho amashami mu bihugu byinshi, ubu akaba asaga 100. Rimwe na rimwe, hagiye hatangwa amasomo yihariye yo guhugura abasaza b’amatorero, abitangiye gukora imirimo ku mashami n’abakora umurimo w’igihe cyose (urugero nk’abapayiniya) mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Hari amasomo yihariye ategurirwa abakozi, yagiye atangirwa mu kigo gikorerwamo imirimo irebana no kwigisha cy’i Patterson, muri New York.

N. H. Knorr yapfuye mu mwaka wa 1977. Ihinduka rya nyuma mu yabayeho mu bihereranye na gahunda y’umuteguro yagizemo uruhare mbere yo gupfa kwe, ni ukwagura Inteko Nyobozi iba ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn. Mu mwaka wa 1976, imirimo y’ubuyobozi yashinzwe za komite zitandukanye zigizwe n’abari mu Nteko Nyobozi, bose bakaba bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bakora umurimo.

AMACAPIRO YAGURWA

Amateka yo muri iki gihe y’Abahamya ba Yehova yuzuyemo ibintu bishishikaje. Uhereye ku itsinda rito ryigaga Bibiliya i Pennsylvania mu mwaka wa 1870, Abahamya bariyongereye bagera ku matorero agera ku 90.000 ku isi hose mu mwaka wa 2.000. Mu mizo ya mbere, ibitabo byose byacapwaga n’ibigo by’ubucuruzi; hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1920, Abahamya bagiye bicapira ibitabo bimwe na bimwe mu mazu babaga bakodesheje. Ariko uhereye mu mwaka wa 1927, ibitabo byinshi kurushaho byagiye byandikirwa mu icapiro ry’amagorofa umunani ryubatswe i Brooklyn, muri New York, rikaba ryari irya Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc. Ubu iryo capiro ryaraguwe ryongerwaho andi mazu akorerwamo imirimo yo gucapa hamwe na za biro. Hari andi mazu ari hafi y’i Brooklyn acumbikirwamo abitangiye gukora imirimo mu mazu acapirwamo ibitabo. Uretse ayo mazu, hari ahandi hantu hafi y’i Wallkill, mu majyaruguru ya New York, hakorerwa imirimo y’ubuhinzi hakaba n’icapiro. Hacapirwa amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi na Réveillez-vous! kandi hagahingwa ibiribwa bimwe na bimwe bigaburirwa abakozi bakorera ahantu hatandukanye. Buri mukozi wese witangiye gukora umurimo ahabwa amafaranga make buri kwezi kugira ngo agure utuntu tworoheje aba akeneye.

AMAKORANIRO MPUZAMAHANGA

Mu mwaka wa 1893, habayeho ikoraniro rya mbere rikomeye ryabereye i Chicago, muri Illinois, ho muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika. Hateranye abantu bagera kuri 360, habatizwa abantu bashya bagera kuri 70. Ikoraniro mpuzamahanga rinini rya nyuma ryabereye i New York City, mu mwaka wa 1958. Ryakorewe muri sitade ya Yankee Stadium n’iya Polo Grounds yariho icyo gihe. Umubare munini w’abateranye wari 253.922; naho abantu bashya babatijwe bari 7.136. Kuva icyo gihe, amakoraniro mpuzamahanga yagiye akorwa ari uruhererekane mu bihugu byinshi. Muri rusange, urwo ruhererekane rw’amakoraniro rushobora kugera ku makoraniro igihumbi mu bihugu byo hirya no hino ku isi.

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Uruhare rugaragara mu guharanira uburenganzira bwa rubanda

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“Umunara w’Umurinzi” wavuye ku magazeti 6.000 mu rurimi rumwe, ugera ku magazeti asaga 22.000.000 mu ndimi zisaga 132

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Ihinduka rikomeye mu mateka y’abantu

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