Mbese, Akarengane Kagomba Kubaho Byanze Bikunze?

“Uko byamera kose, ndacyemera ko mu by’ukuri abantu baba ari beza mu mutima. Gusa, sinshobora gushingira ibyiringiro byanjye ku rufatiro rugizwe n’ibintu by’urujijo, amagorwa n’urupfu.”​—Byavuzwe na Anne Frank.

ANNE FRANK, umukobwa w’Umuyahudikazi wari ufite imyaka 15, yanditse ayo magambo ababaje mu ikarine ye, mbere gato y’uko apfa. Abagize umuryango we bari bamaze imyaka isaga ibiri bihishe mu idari y’inzu mu mujyi w’Amsterdam. Ibyiringiro bye by’uko hazabaho isi irushijeho kuba nziza byarahungabanye, igihe umuntu w’inzimuzi yabwiraga Abanazi aho baherereye. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho wa 1945, ni bwo Anne yapfuye azize indwara ya typhus (soma tifusi), agwa mu kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa cy’i Bergen-Belsen. Abandi Bayahudi bagera kuri miriyoni esheshatu, na bo bagezweho n’ibisa n’ibyo.

Umugambi wa kidayimoni wa Hitileri wo gutsemba ubwoko runaka ntihasigare n’uwo kubara inkuru, ushobora kuba ari cyo gikorwa gikabije kurusha ibindi byose by’akarengane gashingiye ku moko byabayeho muri iki kinyejana, ariko si wo wonyine. Mu mwaka wa 1994, Abatutsi basaga ibihumbi magana atanu barishwe mu Rwanda, bazira gusa ko ngo ari ubwoko “bubi.” Kandi mu ntambara ya mbere y’isi yose, abantu bo mu bwoko bwa Arméniens bagera hafi kuri miriyoni imwe, baguye mu bikorwa byo kweza amoko.

Imibabaro Iterwa n’Akarengane

Itsembabwoko si ryo ryonyine akarengane kagaragariramo. Akarengane ko mu birebana n’imibereho y’abantu, gatuma abantu bagera kuri kimwe cya gatanu cy’abatuye isi bose bagira imibereho yokamwe n’ubutindi. Ikirushijeho kuba kibi ariko, ni uko itsinda ry’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu rishinzwe Kurwanya Ubucakara mu Rwego Mpuzamahanga, risanga abantu basaga 200.000.000 bari mu bucakara. Muri iki gihe, ku isi hashobora kuba hariho abacakara benshi cyane kurusha abigeze kubaho ikindi gihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Bashobora kudacuruzwa hakoreshejwe ipiganwa risesuye, ariko imimerere bakoreramo akenshi usanga ari mibi cyane kurusha iyo abacakara bo mu bihe bya kera bakoreragamo.

Akarengane ko mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi, kavutsa abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni uburenganzira bwabo bw’ibanze. Umuryango Mpuzamahanga Uharanira Uburenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, muri raporo yawo y’umwaka wa 1996, wagize uti “hafi buri munsi, hari ahantu runaka ku isi haba hakozwe ibikorwa by’ubugome bibangamiye uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu. Abo byibasira cyane kurusha abandi, ni abakene n’abatishoboye, cyane cyane abagore, abana, abageze mu za bukuru n’impunzi.” Iyo raporo yagize iti “mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe, inzego z’ubutegetsi bwa leta usanga mu by’ukuri zarahenebereye, ntihasigare n’urwego rw’ubutegetsi rushobora kurenganura abanyantege nke mu maboko y’abanyembaraga.”

Mu mwaka wa 1996, hari abantu bagera mu bihumbi bibarirwa muri za mirongo bo mu bihugu bisaga ijana, bafunzwe kandi bakorerwa ibikorwa byo kubabazwa urubozo. Kandi mu myaka ya vuba aha, abantu bagera mu bihumbi bibarirwa mu magana barazimiye, uko bigaragara bakaba barashimuswe n’abashinzwe umutekano, cyangwa n’udutsiko tw’abakoresha iterabwoba. Abenshi muri bo bakekwaho kuba barapfuye.

Birumvikana ko uko byamera kose, intambara zibamo akarengane; ariko kandi ziragenda zirushaho gukabya. Intambara zo muri iki gihe zisigaye zibasira abasivili, hakubiyemo n’abagore n’abana. Kandi ibyo ntibiterwa gusa n’ibisasu biraswa mu mijyi bikica abantu bitarobanura. Muri iki gihe, abagore n’abakobwa basigaye bafatwa ku ngufu mu gihe cy’ibitero bya gisirikare, kandi udutsiko twinshi tw’abigometse ku butegetsi dushimuta abana, kugira ngo tubatoze kuzaba abicanyi. Mu kwerekeza kuri bene iyo myifatire, raporo y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye yiswe “Ingaruka Intambara Zigira ku Bana,” yagize iti “abantu bagenda barushaho kwiyongera, barimo bararundukira mu mimerere ibabaje yo guta umuco.”

Nta gushidikanya ko uko guhenebera k’umuco kwatumye isi yuzura akarengane—kaba agashingiye ku moko, ku mibereho y’abaturage, ako mu rwego rw’ubutegetsi, cyangwa urwa gisirikare. Birumvikana ko ibyo ari ibisanzwe. Ubu hashize imyaka isaga ibihumbi bibiri na magana atanu umuhanuzi w’Umuheburayo yitotombye agira ati “amategeko ntagikomeye, nta n’umumaro agifite, kandi ubutabera ntibugikoreshwa. Abagiranabi baganza abakiranutsi, bityo ubutabera bukagorekwa.” (Habakuki 1:4, Today’s English Version.) N’ubwo buri gihe akarengane kagiye kiyongera cyane, ikinyejana cya 20 cyo kigomba kuba ari igihe akarengane kafashe indi ntera.

Mbese, Akarengane Hari Icyo Gatwaye?

Mu gihe ugezweho n’imibabaro uzira akarengane, birahangayikisha. Akarengane karahangayikisha, bitewe n’uko kavutsa abenshi mu bantu batuye isi uburenganzira bwabo bwo kwishima. Nanone kandi, akarengane karahangayikisha, bitewe n’uko incuro nyinshi gakongeza ubushyamirane bwo kuvusha amaraso, ubwo bushyamirane na bwo bugatuma ibirimi by’umuriro w’ako karengane bikomeza kugurumana.

Amahoro n’ibyishimo ntibitana n’ubutabera, ariko akarengane ko gatuma ibyiringiro biyoyoka kandi kagasenya icyizere. Nk’uko Anne Frank yabyiboneye mu buryo bubabaje, abantu ntibashobora gushingira ibyiringiro byabo ku rufatiro rugizwe n’ibintu by’urujijo, amagorwa n’urupfu. Kimwe na we, twese twifuza cyane ko ibintu byarushaho kuba byiza.

Icyo cyifuzo cyatumye abantu b’imitima itaryarya bagerageza kuzanira umuryango w’abantu bose ubutabera mu rugero runaka. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Itangazo Mpuzamahanga ku Burenganzira bw’Ikiremwamuntu, ryatanzwe n’Inama Rusange y’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu mwaka wa 1948, ryagiraga riti “abantu bose bavuka bafite umudendezo kandi bareshya mu birebana n’icyubahiro cyabo n’uburenganzira bwabo. Bafite ubushobozi bwo gushyira mu gaciro n’umutimanama, kandi bagombye kubana mu mwuka wa kivandimwe.”

Nta gushidikanya, ayo ni amagambo meza cyane, ariko kandi abantu ntibaraganya kugera kuri iyo ntego yifuzwa cyane—yo kuba umuryango w’abantu barangwa n’ubutabera, aho buri wese afite uburenganzira buhwanye n’ubw’undi, kandi buri wese agafata mugenzi we nk’umuvandimwe we. Iyo ntego iramutse igezweho, nk’uko bivugwa mu iriburiro rya rya Tangazo ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye, byaba ari “urufatiro rw’umudendezo, ubutabera n’amahoro ku isi.”

Mbese, akarengane kashinze imizi cyane mu duce twose tugize umuryango wa kimuntu, ku buryo katazigera karandurwa? Cyangwa se, hari ukuntu urufatiro rukomeye rw’umudendezo, ubutabera n’amahoro rwazashyirwaho? Niba ari byo se, ni nde washobora kurushyiraho kandi akagenzura neza ko abantu bose bazungukirwa na rwo?

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 3 yavuye]

UPI/Corbis-Bettmann