Inkuru ivuga ibyabaye mu mibereho

Twarwanye intambara kugira ngo dukomeze kuba abantu bakomeye mu buryo bw’umwuka

Byavuzwe na Rolf Brüggemeier

Ibarwa ya mbere nabonye maze gufungwa nayohererejwe n’incuti yanjye. Yambwiraga ko mama na barumuna banjye ari bo Peter, Jochen na Manfred, na bo bafashwe. Ibyo byatumye bashiki bacu bato babiri basigara bonyine badafite ababyeyi n’abavandimwe. Kuki ubutegetsi bwo mu Budage bw’Iburasirazuba bwatotezaga abagize umuryango wacu? Ni iki cyadufashije gukomeza kuba abantu bakomeye mu buryo bw’umwuka?

AMAHORO twari dufite tukiri abana yahungabanyijwe n’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose. Twiboneye ubugome bukorwa mu ntambara. Papa yagiye mu ngabo z’u Budage afatirwa ku rugamba nyuma aza gupfira muri gereza. Ibyo byumvikanishaga ko mama witwaga Berta ari we wagombaga kurera abana batandatu bari hagati y’umwaka umwe n’imyaka16.

Idini mama yarimo ryatumye azinukwa burundu icyitwa idini cyose, bituma adashaka kongera kumva ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose gifitanye isano n’Imana. Ariko umunsi umwe wo mu mwaka wa 1949, umugore mugufi warangwaga n’ikinyabupfura witwaga Ilse Fuchs, yaje iwacu kutubwira iby’Ubwami bw’Imana. Ibibazo yabazaga ndetse n’uburyo yafashije mama gutekereza, byatumye mama ashimishwa. Kwiga Bibiliya byatumye mama yongera kugira ibyiringiro.

Ariko kandi, mu mizo ya mbere, twe abahungu twabanje kubishidikanyaho. Abanazi ndetse n’Abakomunisiti baje nyuma yabo, bari baradusezeranyije ibintu byiza cyane, ariko ibyo byose nta byo twabonye. Ariko nubwo twumvaga tutapfa kwizera andi masezerano mashya ayo ari yo yose, twatangajwe no kumenya ko bamwe mu Bahamya bari barafungiwe mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa kubera ko banze gushyigikira intambara. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, mama, Peter nanjye twarabatijwe.

Murumuna wacu witwa Manfred na we yarabatijwe, ariko uko bigaragara ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kwari kutarashinga imizi mu mutima we. Igihe Abakomunisiti bahagarikaga umurimo wacu mu mwaka wa 1950, abapolisi bashinzwe ubutasi bari baragizwe indahiro bari bazwi ku izina rya Stasi, bahase Manfred ibibazo maze ababwira aho twateraniraga. Ibyo ni byo byaje kuba intandaro yo gufatwa kwa mama na barumuna banjye bandi.

Uko twabwirije igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe

Kubera ko umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe mu Budage bw’Iburasirazuba, twagombaga kwinjiza rwihishwa ibitabo bishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Kubera ko ari jye wabitwaraga, najyaga kubifata mu gice cy’iburengerazuba bw’umujyi wa Berlin aho ibitabo byacu bitari bibuzanyijwe, maze nkabyambukana umupaka. Incuro nyinshi nagiye ncika abapolisi, ariko mu Gushyingo 1950 baramfashe.

Abapolisi ba Stasi bamfungiye mu kumba kari munsi y’ubutaka, katagiraga amadirishya. Ku manywa bambuzaga gusinzira maze nijoro bakampata ibibazo, rimwe na rimwe bakanankubita. Sinongeye kubonana n’abo mu muryango wanjye kugeza muri Werurwe 1951, ubwo mama, Peter na Jochen bazaga mu rubanza rwanjye. Nakatiwe imyaka itandatu.

Hashize iminsi itandatu nyuma y’urwo rubanza, mama, Peter na Jochen batawe muri yombi. Nyuma yaho, mushiki wacu duhuje ukwizera yajyanye mushiki wanjye witwa Hannelore wari ufite imyaka 11 ajya kumurera, na mama wacu ajyana undi witwa Sabine wari ufite imyaka 7. Abapolisi ba Stasi barindaga gereza bafataga mama na barumuna banjye nk’aho ari abagizi ba nabi ruharwa, ku buryo babambuye n’imishumi y’inkweto zabo. Bagombaga gukomeza gahagarara mu gihe cyose babaga babahata ibibazo. Buri wese muri bo na we yakatiwe imyaka itandatu.

Mu mwaka wa 1953, jye n’abandi Bahamya twari dufunganywe baradutoranyije ngo twubake ikibuga cy’indege cya gisirikare, turabyanga. Abayobozi ba gereza baduhanishije kudufungira ahantu ha twenyine mu gihe cy’iminsi 21. Ni ukuvuga ko tutajyaga mu kazi, nta mabaruwa twabonaga kandi baduhaga uturyo tw’intica ntikize. Bamwe muri bashiki bacu b’Abakristo batubikiraga umugati ku byokurya bike cyane na bo babonaga, bakawutwoherereza rwihishwa. Ibyo ni byo byatumye menyana n’umwe muri abo bashiki bacu witwa Anni, tuza gushyingiranwa nyuma yaho tumaze gufungurwa. Yafunguwe mu mwaka wa 1956 na ho jye mfungurwa mu mwaka wa 1957. Tumaze umwaka umwe dushyingiranywe, twibarutse umukobwa tumwita Ruth. Peter, Jochen, na Hannelore na bo bashatse hafi muri icyo gihe.

Nyuma y’imyaka igera hafi kuri itatu mfunguwe, narongeye ndafatwa. Umupolisi mukuru wo muri Stasi yagerageje kunshuka ngo mbabere icyitso. Yarambwiye ati “Bwana Brüggemeier, shyira mu gaciro rwose. Ubuzima bwo muri gereza urabuzi kandi ntitwifuza ko wakongera guhura n’ibintu nk’ibyo. Ushobora gukomeza kuba Umuhamya, ugakomeza amasomo yawe kandi ukabwira abandi ibihereranye na Bibiliya uko ubishaka. Icyo dushaka gusa ni uko wazajya utugezaho amakuru buri gihe. Tekereza umugore wawe n’akana kawe k’agakobwa.” Ayo magambo ya nyuma yambwiye yarambabaje cyane. Ariko kandi, nari nzi ko igihe nari kuba mfunzwe, Yehova yari kuzita ku muryango wanjye kurusha uko jye nari kubigenza, kandi yarabikoze.

Abategetsi bagerageje guhatira Anni gukora iminsi yose kandi bemerera abandi bantu ngo babe ari bo bajya bita kuri Ruth mu minsi y’imibyizi. Anni yarabyanze akajya akora nijoro kugira ngo abone uko yita kuri Ruth ku manywa. Abavandimwe bacu bo mu itorero batwitayeho cyane, baha umugore wanjye ibintu byinshi cyane ku buryo bimwe yabigabanye n’abandi. Hagati aho, namaze hafi indi myaka itandatu muri gereza.

Uko twakomeje kugira ukwizera turi muri gereza

Nkimara kongera gufungwa, Abahamya twari dufunganywe mu cyumba bari bashishikajwe no kumenya ibintu bishya byari biherutse gusohoka mu magazeti. Nashimishijwe cyane no kuba nari narasomye igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi nitonze kandi nkaba narajyaga mu materaniro buri gihe. Ibyo byatumye mbabera isoko y’inkunga mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Twasabye abarinzi ngo baduhe Bibiliya maze baradusubiza bati “guha Abahamya ba Yehova Bibiliya bishobora guteza akaga nk’akaterwa no guha umujura ufunzwe igikoresho kimufasha gutoroka.” Buri munsi, abavandimwe bari baduhagarariye bahitagamo umurongo wa Bibiliya twagombaga gusuzuma. Igihe twabaga turi mu karuhuko k’iminota mirongo itatu twagiraga buri munsi, icyadushimishaga cyane si ukunanura intege tugendagenda mu mbuga ya gereza cyangwa gufata akayaga, ahubwo twashimishwaga no kumenya umurongo wa Bibiliya twagombaga gusuzuma uwo munsi. Nubwo twagombaga kuba dutandukanyijwe na metero 4 n’igice buri muntu n’undi kandi tukaba tutari twemerewe kuvuga, ntitwaburaga uburyo bwo kubwirana uwo murongo. Iyo twasubiraga mu byumba twari dufungiyemo, twahurizaga hamwe ibyo buri wese yashoboye kumva hanyuma tukaba tubonye isomo ryo muri Bibiliya tuganiraho uwo munsi.

Kera kabaye, umuntu watunekaga yaje kutugambanira bituma bamfungira ahantu ha jyenyine. Icyo gihe nashimishijwe cyane n’uko nari narafashe mu mutwe imirongo ibarirwa mu magana yo mu Byanditswe. Icyo gihe namaze jyenyine nakimaraga ntekereza ku ngingo zitandukanye zo muri Bibiliya. Naje kwimurirwa mu yindi gereza, aho umurinzi yamfungiye mu cyumba kimwe n’abandi Bahamya babiri, kandi igishimishije kurushaho ni uko yaduhaye Bibiliya. Nyuma y’amezi atandatu namaze mfungiye ahantu ha jyenyine, nishimiye kuba nari mbonye uburyo bwo kongera kugirana n’abantu duhuje ukwizera ibiganiro bishingiye kuri Bibiliya.

Murumuna wanjye Peter avuga icyamufashije gushikama igihe yari mu yindi gereza agira ati“natekerezaga ku buzima bwo mu isi nshya kandi ngahora ntekereza imirongo yo muri Bibiliya. Twateranaga inkunga n’abandi Bahamya tubazanya ibibazo bishingiye kuri Bibiliya cyangwa tukabazanya imirongo yo muri Bibiliya. Ubuzima ntibwari bworoshye. Hari igihe bigeze gufungira abantu 11 muri twe mu kumba gato kari gafite ubuso bwa metero kare 12. Aho ni ho twagombaga gukorera ibintu byose: kurya, kuryama, gukaraba ndetse no kwituma. Byageze aho twese kubyihanganira bitugora.”

Undi muvandimwe wanjye witwa Jochen yavuze ibyo yahuye na byo muri gereza yari afungiyemo. Yagize ati “naririmbaga indirimbo zose nashoboraga kwibuka zari mu gitabo cy’indirimbo. Buri munsi natekerezaga ku murongo wo mu Byanditswe mu yo nari narafashe mu mutwe. Maze gufungurwa, nakomeje iyo gahunda nziza yo kwiyigisha mu buryo bw’umwuka. Buri munsi nasuzumaga isomo ry’umunsi hamwe n’abo mu rugo rwanjye. Nanone twateguraga amateraniro yose.”

Mama afungurwa

Nyuma y’imyaka isaga ibiri mama yari amaze afunzwe, yararekuwe. Yakoresheje uwo mudendezo yari abonye yigisha Bibiliya Hannelore na Sabine, abafasha kwishyiriraho urufatiro rwiza rw’ukwizera kwabo. Nanone yabigishije gukemura ibibazo bahuraga na byo ku ishuri birebana no kuba barizeraga Imana. Hannelore agira ati “ntitwajyaga duhangayikishwa n’ibyari kutugeraho kubera ko mu rugo iwacu twateranaga inkunga. Imishyikirano ya bugufi yahuzaga abari bagize umuryango wacu yatwibagizaga ingorane zose twahuraga na zo.”

Hannelore akomeza agira ati “nanone twohererezaga abavandimwe bacu bari muri gereza ifunguro ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Igazeti yose y’Umunara w’umurinzi twayandukuraga n’intoki ku rupapuro rwabaga rusizeho ibishashara nk’ibya buji, tukandika mu tunyuguti duto. Nyuma yaho izo mpapuro twazipfunyikaga mu bindi bipapuro amazi adashobora gutosa, hanyuma tukabihisha mu mapera maze na yo tukayashyira mu bipfunyika twabohererezaga buri kwezi. Mbega ukuntu twashimishwaga no kumva abo twabaga twoherereje amapera batubwira ko yabaga ‘aryoshye cyane!’ Twari duhugiye cyane mu murimo wacu ku buryo mu by’ukuri navuga ko ibyo bihe byatubereye byiza cyane.”

Uko twabagaho igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe

Peter yasobanuye uko ubuzima bwari bumeze ku bantu babaga mu Budage bw’Iburasirazuba, mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe. Agira ati “twateraniraga mu ngo z’abantu twigabanyijemo amatsinda mato kandi igihe cyo kuhagera ntitwahagereraga rimwe no gutaha ntitwatahiraga rimwe. Iyo twabaga twaje mu materaniro ni bwo twakoraga gahunda irebana n’amateraniro ataha. Twakoreshaga ibimenyetso tukandika no ku dupapuro duto kubera ko abapolisi b’abatasi ba Stasi bahoraga batwumviriza bakoresheje ibyuma bifata amajwi.”

Hannelore abisobanura agira ati “rimwe na rimwe twajyaga twohererezwa amakaseti afatiyeho ibiganiro byatanzwe mu makoraniro. Buri gihe ibyo byatumaga twishimira amateraniro. Itsinda ryacu rito ryateraniraga hamwe tukamara amasaha menshi duteze amatwi inyigisho zishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Nubwo tutashoboraga kureba abatangaga disikuru, twakurikiranaga porogaramu twitonze kandi tukandika.”

Peter agira ati “abavandimwe bacu b’Abakristo bo mu bindi bihugu bakoraga uko bashoboye bakatwoherereza ibitabo bishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Mu myaka igera hafi ku icumi mbere y’uko Urukuta rw’i Berlin rusenywa mu mwaka wa 1989, baducapiraga ibitabo byihariye bito. Bamwe bemeraga kuzana iryo funguro ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu Budage bw’Iburasirazuba, nubwo bashoboraga kwamburwa imodoka zabo, amafaranga yabo ndetse bakaba banafungwa. Ijoro rimwe, twategereje umugabo n’umugore we b’Abahamya bagombaga kuza, turabaheba. Abapolisi bari babonye ibitabo mu modoka yabo bahita bayibambura. Nubwo hari ako kaga kose, ntitwigeze na rimwe dutekereza guhagarika umurimo ngo dukunde tugire ubuzima butuje.”

Manfred, wa murumuna wanjye waje kutuvamo mu mwaka wa 1950, avuga ikintu cyamufashije kugarura agatima no gukomeza ukwizera kwe. Agira ati “nyuma yo gufungwa amezi make, nimukiye mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba kandi ndeka ukuri. Naje gusubira mu Budage bw’Iburasirazuba mu mwaka wa 1954, maze mu mwaka wakurikiyeho nshaka umugore. Bidateye kabiri, umugore wanjye yamenye ukuri ko muri Bibiliya abatizwa mu mwaka wa 1957. Nyuma y’igihe, umutimanama watangiye kumbuza amahwemo, maze mbifashijwemo n’umugore wanjye, ngaruka mu itorero.

“Abavandimwe b’Abakristo bari banzi mbere y’uko ndeka ukuri banyakiranye urukundo, mbese nk’aho nta cyigeze kiba. Gusuhuzwa n’abantu bagusekera bishimye kandi bakaguhobera, nta ko bisa. Nshimishwa cyane no kuba nariyunze na Yehova n’abavandimwe banjye.”

Intambara yo mu buryo bw’umwuka irakomeje

Buri wese mu bagize umuryango wacu yashyizeho imihati ikomeye kugira ngo arwanirire ukwizera kwe. Murumuna wanjye Peter agira ati “muri iki gihe, dukikijwe n’ibirangaza byinshi n’ibihendo by’ubutunzi biruta ibyariho mbere hose. Igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe, twanyurwaga n’ibyo twari dufite. Urugero, nta n’umwe muri twe wifuzaga kujya mu rindi tsinda ry’icyigisho cy’igitabo abitewe gusa n’impamvu ze bwite, kandi nta n’umwe winubiraga ko amateraniro yaberaga kure cyangwa ko yarangiraga bitinze. Twese twashimishwaga no guteranira hamwe, nubwo bamwe muri twe bagombaga gutegereza kugeza saa tanu z’ijoro, dutegereje ko igihe cyacu cyo kuva aho twabaga twateraniye kigera.”

Mu mwaka wa 1959, mama yafashe umwanzuro wo kwimukira mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba akajyana na Sabine wari ufite imyaka 16. Kubera ko bashakaga gukorera aho ababwiriza b’Ubwami bari bakenewe kurusha ahandi, ibiro by’ishami byabohereje i Ellwangen, mu ntara ya Baden-Württemberg. Nubwo mama yakundaga kurwaragurika, ishyaka yagiraga ryatumye Sabine atangira umurimo w’ubupayiniya afite imyaka 18. Sabine amaze gushyingirwa, mama wari ufite imyaka 58 yize gutwara imodoka kugira ngo arusheho kwagura umurimo wo kubwiriza. Yakomeje uwo murimo kugeza aho apfiriye mu mwaka wa 1974.

Tugarutse ku bindeba, nyuma y’imyaka hafi itandatu nari maze mfunzwe ku ncuro ya kabiri, mu mwaka wa 1965 banciriye mu Budage bw’Iburengerazuba umuryango wanjye utabizi. Icyakora haciye igihe umugore wanjye Anni yaje kuhansanga ari kumwe n’umukobwa wacu muto witwa Ruth. Nabajije ibiro by’ishami niba dushobora kujya kubwiriza ahantu hari hakenewe ababwiriza, badusaba kujya i Nördlingen mu ntara ya Bavière. Aho ni ho Ruth hamwe na musaza we Johannes bakuriye. Anni yabaye umupayiniya. Urugero rwiza yatanze rwatumye Ruth atangira ubupayiniya akirangiza amashuri. Abana bacu bombi bashyingiranywe n’abapayiniya. Ubu bafite abana; ni ukuvuga ko dufite abuzukuru batandatu.

Mu mwaka wa 1987, nafashe ikiruhuko cy’iza bukuru hakiri kare, mboneraho gufatanya na Anni umurimo w’ubupayiniya. Hashize imyaka itatu, natumiwe kujya ku biro by’ishami i Selters gufasha mu mirimo yo kwagura amazu yaho. Nyuma yaho, twafashije mu kubaka Inzu y’Ikoraniro ya mbere Abahamya ba Yehova bubatse mu cyahoze cyitwa u Budage bw’Iburengerazuba. Twayubatse i Glauchau, nyuma tuza no kuba ari twe dushingwa kuyitaho. Bitewe n’impamvu z’uburwayi, twarimutse twongera kujya kubana n’umukobwa wacu mu itorero rya Nördlingen, aho dukorera umurimo w’ubupayiniya.

Nshimishwa cyane no kubona barumuna banjye bose na bashiki banjye hamwe n’abagize imiryango yacu hafi ya bose bakomeza gukorera Imana yacu ihebuje Yehova. Uko imyaka yagiye ihita, twabonye ko igihe cyose dukomeje kuba abantu bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka, dushobora kwibonera ukuri kw’amagambo yo muri Zaburi ya 126:3 agira ati “Uwiteka yadukoreye ibikomeye, natwe turishimye.”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Ku munsi w’ishyingiranwa ryacu mu mwaka wa 1957

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 13]

Ndi kumwe n’abagize umuryango wanjye mu mwaka wa 1948: (imbere, uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo) Manfred, Berta, Sabine, Hannelore, Peter; (inyuma, uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo) jyewe na Jochen

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]

Agatabo gato twakoreshaga igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe hamwe n’ibyuma abapolisi ba “Stasi” bakoreshaga mu kutwumviriza

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Forschungs- und Gedenkstätte NORMANNENSTRASSE

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 16]

Ndi kumwe n’abo tuvukana: (imbere, uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo) Hannelore na Sabine; (inyuma, uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo) jyewe, Jochen, Peter, na Manfred