Uko amasinagogi Yesu n’abigishwa be bigishirizagamo yabaga ameze

“Hanyuma anyura muri Galilaya hose, yigishiriza mu masinagogi yabo kandi abwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubwami.”—MATAYO 4:23.

INKURU zo mu Mavanjiri zigaragaza kenshi ko Yesu yigishirizaga mu masinagogi. Yakundaga kuyigishirizamo ibyerekeye Ubwami bw’Imana, haba i Nazareti umugi yakuriyemo, cyangwa i Kaperinawumu aho yakundaga gucumbika, cyangwa se mu migi iyo ari yo yose n’imidugudu yasuraga mu gihe cy’umurimo we wo kubwiriza wamaze imyaka itatu n’igice. Ku bw’ibyo, Yesu yibutse ibyabaye mu murimo we maze aravuga ati “buri gihe nigishirizaga mu masinagogi no mu rusengero, aho Abayahudi bose bateranira.”—Yohana 18:20.

Intumwa za Yesu n’abandi Bakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere na bo bakundaga kwigishiriza mu masinagogi y’Abayahudi. Ariko se, ni gute Abayahudi batangiye gusengera mu masinagogi? Kandi se mu gihe cya Yesu, ayo mazu basengeragamo yari ameze ate? Nimucyo tubisuzume.

Cyari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mibereho y’Abayahudi. Incuro eshatu mu mwaka, abagabo b’Abayahudi bajyaga i Yerusalemu mu minsi mikuru yaberaga mu rusengero rwaho. Icyakora, mu minsi isanzwe basengeraga mu masinagogi yo mu gace k’iwabo, haba muri Palesitina cyangwa mu tundi duce Abayahudi bari batuyemo.

Ni ryari amasinagogi yatangiye gukoreshwa? Hari bamwe batekereza ko ari igihe Abayahudi bari mu bunyage i Babuloni (607-537 Mbere ya Yesu), icyo gihe urusengero rwa Yehova rukaba rwari rwarasenyutse. Nanone, birashoboka ko batangiye kuyasengeramo nyuma gato y’aho Abayahudi baviriye mu bunyage, ubwo umutambyi Ezira yateraga Abisirayeli inkunga yo kumenya amategeko y’Imana no kuyasobanukirwa.—Ezira 7:10; 8:1-8; 10:3.

Ijambo ryahinduwemo “isinagogi” ryasobanuraga “iteraniro,” cyangwa “itorero.” Uko ni ko ryakoreshejwe mu buhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki bw’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bwitwa Septante. Ariko kandi, iryo jambo ryaje gusobanura inzu abantu bahuriragamo bagamije gusenga. Mu kinyejana cya mbere, urebye buri mugi muto Yesu yasuraga wabaga ufite isinagogi yawo, hanyuma umugi munini ukagira amasinagogi arenze imwe, naho Yerusalemu yo ikagira amasinagogi menshi. Ariko se ayo mazu yabaga ameze ate?

Yari amazu aciriritse yo gusengeramo. Iyo Abayahudi batangiraga kubaka isinagogi, babanzaga gushaka ahantu hirengeye maze bakahubaka iyo nzu basengeragamo, ku buryo umuryango wayo (1) ureba i Yerusalemu. Icyakora, birashoboka ko atari ko buri gihe iryo tegeko ryakurikizwaga, kubera ko hari andi masinagogi yabaga yubatse mu bundi buryo.

Isinagogi yuzuye yabaga iciriritse, kandi irimo ibintu bike. Icyakora, ikintu cy’ingenzi cyabagamo cyari isanduku (2) cyangwa ububiko. Iyo sanduku yabagamo imizingo y’Ibyanditswe Byera, abantu bo muri ako gace bahaga agaciro cyane. Mu gihe cy’amateraniro bazanaga iyo sanduku, hanyuma amateraniro yarangira bakayisubiza mu cyumba yabikwagamo (3).

Iruhande rw’isanduku habaga imyanya y’imbere (4) yicarwagamo n’abatware b’isinagogi cyangwa abandi bashyitsi bihariye. Abayicaragamo babaga bateganye n’abari mu isinagogi (Matayo 23:5, 6). Ahagana hagati mu isinagogi habaga hari podiyumu, aho uvuga yahagararaga n’aho yicaraga (5). Podiyumu yabaga ikikijwe n’ibihande bitatu biteyemo intebe abateranye bicaragaho (6).

Ubusanzwe, isinagogi yakoreshwaga n’abagize itorero ryo hafi yayo, akaba ari na bo bayitaho. Abantu bose, baba abakire cyangwa abakene, batangaga impano ku bushake zakoreshwaga mu kwita kuri iyo nzu no kuyisana. Ariko se, amateraniro yaberaga mu isinagogi yakorwaga ate?

Amateraniro yaberaga mu isinagogi. Gahunda y’amateraniro yaberaga mu isinagogi yabaga ikubiyemo indirimbo zo gusingiza Imana, gusenga, gusoma Ibyanditswe, kwigisha hamwe no kubwiriza. Abateranye babanzaga gusubiramo isengesho ryo kwatura ukwizera kwabo bitaga Shema. Iryo zina ryari rishingiye ku ijambo ribimburira umurongo wa mbere w’Ibyanditswe basubiragamo, ugira uti “umva [Shema] wa bwoko bw’Abisirayeli we, Uwiteka Imana yacu ni we Uwiteka wenyine.”—Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 6:4.

Hanyuma, basomaga ibice byo muri Torah, kandi bakabisobanura. Iyo Torah yabaga igizwe n’ibitabo bitanu bya mbere bya Bibiliya byanditswe na Mose (Ibyakozwe 15:21). Bakurikizagaho gusoma ibice byo mu bitabo by’abahanuzi (bitaga hafutaraha), bakabisobanura kandi bakerekana uko ibyasomwe byashyirwa mu bikorwa. Hari igihe abashyitsi bajyaga bifatanya muri iyo gahunda yo gusoma ubuhanuzi, nk’uko Yesu yabigenje mu nkuru iboneka muri Luka 4:16-21.

Birumvikana ko umuzingo bahereje Yesu icyo gihe utarimo ibice n’imirongo biboneka muri za Bibiliya dufite muri iki gihe. Dushobora gusa n’abitegereza Yesu azingura umuzingo n’ukuboko kwe kw’ibumoso, noneho akawuzinga akoresheje ukuboko kwe kw’iburyo kugeza aho agereye ku magambo yashakaga. Iyo bamaraga gusoma umuzingo, barongeraga bakawuzinga nk’uko wari umeze mbere.

Akenshi ibyo basomaga byabaga biri mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo, noneho bigahindurwa mu Cyarameyi. Mu matorero yakoreshaga ururimi rw’Ikigiriki, bakoreshaga bwa buhinduzi bwa Septante.

Yari ingenzi mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi. Isinagogi yari ikintu cy’ingenzi mu mibereho y’Abayahudi, ku buryo yo hamwe n’andi mazu byabaga bifatanye cyangwa ayikikije, byakorerwagamo imirimo inyuranye. Hari igihe bahaciraga imanza, bakahakorera inama n’amateraniro. Abantu babaga baje muri ayo materaniro bahabwaga amafunguro yatangirwaga mu mazu yo kuriramo yabaga afatanye n’isinagogi. Rimwe na rimwe abashyitsi bacumbikirwaga mu byumba byabaga bikikije isinagogi.

Imigi hafi ya yose yabaga yubatsemo isinagogi ifite ishuri, akenshi ibyo byombi bikaba byarabaga mu nzu imwe. Iryo shuri ryabaga ririmo abana benshi bigaga gusoma inyuguti nini zanditswe ku kabaho gasize ibishashara kabaga kanditsweho na mwarimu. Ayo mashuri yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma Abayahudi ba kera bamenya gusoma no kwandika, ku buryo n’abantu boroheje babaga bazi Ibyanditswe.

Ariko kandi, mbere na mbere isinagogi yabaga ari iyo gusengerwamo. Ntibitangaje rero kuba amateraniro y’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere yari afite ibintu byinshi ahuriyeho n’ayakorerwaga mu masinagogi y’Abayahudi. Iyo abo bakristo na bo bateranaga, babaga bagamije kuyoboka Yehova. Muri icyo gihe barasengaga, bakaririmba indirimbo zo gusingiza Imana, bagasoma Ijambo ry’Imana kandi bakariganiraho. Hari n’ibindi ayo materaniro yombi yari ahuriyeho. Ibyabaga bikenewe muri ayo materaniro n’ibyayakoreshwagamo byabonekaga binyuriye ku mpano zatangwaga ku bushake. Muri ayo materaniro yombi, itsinda ry’abayobozi ba kidini si ryo ryihariraga inshingano yo gusoma Ijambo ry’Imana no kurisobanura, ahubwo abagabo bakuze babaga barahawe iyo nshingano, ni bo bateguraga amateraniro bakanayayobora.

Muri iki gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova bihatira gukurikiza urwo rugero basigiwe na Yesu n’abigishwa be bo mu kinyejana cya mbere. Ku bw’ibyo, hari ibintu amateraniro abera mu Mazu y’Ubwami ahuriyeho n’ayaberaga mu masinagogi ya kera. Ikirenze ibyo ariko, ni uko Abahamya ba Yehova baterana bafite intego imwe nk’iyaranze abantu bakundaga ukuri kuva kera, ari yo yo ‘kwegera Imana.’—Yakobo 4:8.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 16, 17]

Iyi nzu yongeye kubakwa hakurikijwe igishushanyo mbonera cy’isinagogi yo mu kinyejana cya mbere y’i Gamla

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Amashuri yo mu isinagogi yigirwagamo n’abana b’abahungu bari mu kigero cy’imyaka iri hagati y’imyaka 6 kugeza kuri 13