Ese wari ubizi?
Abayobozi b’idini b’Abayahudi bo mu gihe cya Yesu, babonaga bate rubanda rwa giseseka?
▪ Mu kinyejana cya mbere, abakire n’abayobozi b’idini bo muri Isirayeli basuzuguraga abantu batize, cyangwa abize amashuri make. Bibiliya ivuga ko Abafarisayo bavugaga bati “aba bantu batazi Amategeko baravumwe.”—Yohana 7:49.
Ibindi bitabo bitari Bibiliya bigaragaza ko abo bantu bo mu rwego rwo hejuru basuzuguraga abantu bo muri rubanda batize, bakabita ʽam ha·ʼaʹrets, cyangwa “abaturage.” Ubundi iryo ryari izina ry’icyubahiro ryakoreshwaga ku bantu batuye agace runaka. Abitwaga iryo zina si abakene cyangwa abantu boroheje gusa, ahubwo ryanahabwaga abakomeye.—2 Abami 23:35; Ezekiyeli 22:29.
Icyakora, mu gihe cya Yesu iryo zina ryahabwaga abantu babonwaga ko ari insuzugurwa bitewe n’uko batari bazi Amategeko ya Mose, cyangwa bari barananiwe gukurikiza imigenzo yose ya ba rabi. Igitabo cyitwa Mishnah (cyari kigizwe n’amategeko n’imigenzo yakusanyirijwe hamwe, akaba ari na yo bahereyeho bandika icyo bise Talmud) cyahaga abantu umuburo wo kwirinda gucumbika mu mazu ya ba ʽam ha·ʼaʹrets. Hari igitabo cyavuze ko intiti akaba na Rabi wo mu kinyejana cya kabiri witwaga Meir yigishaga ati “umugabo ushyingira umukobwa we am ha’aretz, ni nk’aho aba amuziritse, maze akamushumuriza intare, na yo igahita imusumira ikamurya” (The Encyclopedia of Talmudic Sages). Igitabo cyitwa Talmud cyavuze ko hari undi Rabi wavuze ko “abantu batize batazazuka.”
Izina rya Kayisari rivugwa muri Bibiliya risobanura iki?
▪ Izina rya Kayisari ryari izina ry’umuryango w’Umuroma witwaga Caius Julius Caesar, wari waragizwe umutegetsi wa Roma mu mwaka wa 46 Mbere ya Yesu. Abami b’Abaroma bagiye bakurikirana, bahisemo kwitwa izina rya Kayisari, muri bo hakaba harimo batatu bavugwa muri Bibiliya, ari bo Awugusito, Tiberiyo na Kalawudiyo.—Luka 2:1; 3:1; Ibyakozwe 11:28.
Mu mwaka wa 14, Tiberiyo yabaye umwami w’abami, maze ategeka mu gihe cyose Yesu yamaze abwiriza. Ku bw’ibyo, ni we Kayisari wategekaga, igihe Yesu yasubizaga ikibazo kirebana no kwishyura imisoro, maze akavuga ati “ibya Kayisari mubihe Kayisari, ariko iby’Imana mubihe Imana” (Mariko 12:17). Birumvikana ko Yesu atashakaga ko abantu bumva ko yerekezaga kuri Tiberiyo gusa. Ahubwo “Kayisari” yavugaga, yagereranyaga ubutegetsi cyangwa Leta.
Ahagana mu mwaka wa 58, igihe intumwa Pawulo yari agiye gucirwa urubanza arengana, yakoresheje uburenganzira yari afite bwo kuba Umuroma, maze ajuririra Kayisari (Ibyakozwe 25:8-11). Igihe Pawulo yabigenzaga atyo, ntiyashakaga kuvuga ko yifuzaga kuburanishwa na Nero ubwe, ari na we wari umwami w’abami icyo gihe, ahubwo yasabaga kuburanishwa n’urukiko rukuru rwo muri ubwo bwami.
Izina ry’umuryango rya Kayisari ryakomeje guhabwa abategetsi bakuru, ku buryo na nyuma y’aho abami bakomokaga mu muryango wa Kayisari bashiriye, iryo zina ryakomeje guhabwa abayobozi.
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 29]
Idenariyo y’ifeza iriho ishusho ya Tiberiyo