Ese wari ubizi?

Igicaniro ‘cy’Imana itazwi’ intumwa Pawulo yabonye muri Atene cyari bwoko ki?​—Ibyakozwe 17:23

▪ Abenshi mu banditsi ba kera b’Abagiriki bagiye bagira icyo bavuga ku bicaniro bimeze nk’icyo. Urugero, Pausanias wo mu kinyejana cya kabiri, wari umuhanga mu by’amateka no mu bumenyi bw’isi, yavuze ko mu kibaya cya Olympie hari “igicaniro cy’imana zitazwi.” Naho Philostrate, wari umuhanga muri filozofiya no mu gutanga ibiganiro, yavuze ko muri Atene “bajyaga bubakira ibicaniro n’imana zitazwi.”

Umwanditsi wo mu kinyejana cya gatatu witwaga Diogène Laërce, yavuze iby’umugenzo wariho wari ufitanye isano n’impamvu bubakaga “ibicaniro bidafite amazina.” Uwo mugenzo uturuka ku nkuru y’ibyabaye mu kinyejana cya gatandatu cyangwa icya karindwi Mbere ya Yesu, ivuga uko uwitwa Épiménide yejeje umugi wa Atene wari wibasiwe n’indwara y’icyorezo. Diogène yaranditse ati “[Épiménide] yafashe intama azijyana muri Areyopago. Agezeyo, arazirekura ngo zijye iyo zishaka, asaba abazikurikiye bose kugenda bashyira ikimenyetso aho buri ntama yaryamye, kandi bagatambira igitambo imana y’aho hantu. Inkuru ivuga ko ari uko icyo cyorezo cyarangiye. Ni yo mpamvu kugeza n’ubu, mu duce dutandukanye tw’akarere ka Attica, ushobora kuhasanga ibicaniro bitanditseho amazina.”

Hari igitabo cyavuze indi mpamvu ishobora kuba yaratumaga bubaka ibicaniro by’imana zitazwi. Cyaravuze kiti “abantu batinyaga ko nibadaha icyubahiro zimwe mu mana cyangwa imanakazi zitazwi, bashoboraga kutabona imigisha izo mana zitanga cyangwa bakagerwaho n’umujinya wazo.”​—⁠The Anchor Bible Dictionary.

Kuki Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere banenaga abakoresha b’ikoro?

▪ Abakoresha b’ikoro ntibigeze bakundwa. Abisirayeli bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, babonaga ko abakoresha b’ikoro bari abantu babi cyane kandi bamunzwe na ruswa.

Ubutegetsi bw’Abaroma bwakaga abaturage imisoro irenze ubushobozi bwabo. Bwakaga umusoro ku masambu n’umusoro w’umubiri. Ariko inshingano yo gusoresha ibyinjira n’ibisohoka ndetse n’ibicuruzwa binyuzwa mu gihugu, Abaroma bayihaga uwabaga yiteguye gusoresha abantu amafaranga menshi. Abacuruzi bamwe na bamwe batangaga amafaranga bakagura uburenganzira bwo gusoresha mu duce tumwe na tumwe. Kubera ko abo bantu babaga ari ibikoresho by’Abaroma, Abayahudi bagenzi babo barabangaga cyane. Hari igitabo kivuga ko babafataga nk’ “abagambanyi n’abahakanyi bononekaye bitewe no kwifatanya n’abapagani.”​—⁠M’Clintock and Strong’s Cyclopædia.

Abakoresha b’ikoro bari bazwiho kuba abahemu kandi bari barakijijwe no gukandamiza Abayahudi bagenzi babo. Bamwe bakaga umusoro urenze agaciro k’ibicuruzwa maze arengaho bakayashyira ku mufuka. Abandi bo baregaga abakene ibinyoma kugira ngo babone uko babatwara utwabo (Luka 3:13; 19:8). Ibyo byatumaga abakoresha b’ikoro bafatwa kimwe n’abanyabyaha. Hari igitabo kivuga ko “abakoresha b’ikoro batashoboraga kuba abacamanza cyangwa gutangwaho abagabo” (The Jewish Encyclopedia).​—⁠Matayo 9:10, 11.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Igicaniro cy’imana itazwe kiri mu matongo y’umugi wa Perugamo, muri Turukiya

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18]

Ishusho yakozwe n’abaroma igaragaza umukoresha w’ikora wo mu kinyejana cya 2 cyangwa icya 3

[Aho ifoto yavuye]

Erich Lessing/Art Resource, NY