Ubugingo ni iki?
Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho
Ijambo “ubugingo” rikoreshwa muri Bibiliya ryahinduwe rivuye ku ijambo ry’igiheburayo neʹphesh n’iry’ikigiriki psy·kheʹ. Iryo jambo ry’igiheburayo rifashwe uko ryakabaye risobanura “ikiremwa gihumeka” naho iry’ikigiriki rigasobanura “ikintu gifite ubuzima.”a Ku bw’ibyo, ubugingo ni ikiremwa cyose uko cyakabaye, si ikintu kiba mu mubiri kiwuvamo iyo upfuye. Reka turebe ukuntu Bibiliya igaragaza ko ubugingo bw’umuntu ari umuntu wese uko yakabaye:
Adamu ntiyahawe ubugingo, ahubwo ‘yahindutse ubugingo buzima’
Bibiliya ivuga ko igihe Yehova Imana yaremaga umuntu wa mbere ari we Adamu, uwo ‘muntu yahindutse ubugingo buzima’ (Intangiriro 2:7, Bibiliya Yera). Adamu ntiyahawe ubugingo, ahubwo yahindutse ubugingo buzima, cyangwa umuntu.
Bibiliya ivuga ko ubugingo bushobora gukora, kwifuza ibyokurya, kurya, kumvira amategeko no gukora ku ntumbi (Abalewi 5:2; 7:20; 23:30; Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 12:20; Abaroma 13:1). Ibyo byose bikorwa n’umuntu wese uko yakabaye.
Ese ubugingo ntibupfa?
Oya, ubugingo bushobora gupfa. Hari imirongo myinshi ya Bibiliya ivuga ko ubugingo bupfa. Dore imwe muri yo:
“Ubugingo bukora icyaha ni bwo buzapfa.”—Ezekiyeli 18:4, 20, Bibiliya Yera.
Muri Isirayeli ya kera, icyaha gikomeye cyahanishwaga “gukuraho ubugingo” (Kuva 12:15, 19; Abalewi 7:20, 21, 27; 19:8, King James Version). Uwo muntu yagombaga ‘kwicwa.’—Kuva 31:14, King James Version.
Hari Bibiliya zikoresha amagambo ngo “ubugingo bwapfuye” zishaka kuvuga intumbi (Abalewi 21:11; Kubara 6:6). Nubwo muri iyo mirongo hari ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya bwinshi bukoresha amagambo ngo “umubiri wapfuye” cyangwa “umuntu wapfuye,” ijambo ry’umwimerere ry’igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe ni neʹphesh, risobanura “ubugingo.”
Ijambo “ubugingo” rishobora gusobanura “ubuzima”
Nanone Bibiliya ikoresha ijambo “ubugingo” ishaka kuvuga “ubuzima.” Urugero, muri Yobu 33:22 hakoresha ijambo ry’igiheburayo “ubugingo” (neʹphesh) hashaka kuvuga “ubuzima.” Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Bibiliya igaragaza ko ubugingo bw’umuntu, cyangwa ubuzima bwe, bushobora kujya mu kaga cyangwa akabubura.—Kuva 4:19; Abacamanza 9:17; Abafilipi 2:30.
Ibyo bidufasha gusobanukirwa imirongo irimo amagambo avuga ngo “ubugingo buri mu igenda” (Intangiriro 35:18; Bibiliya Yera). Iyo mvugo y’ikigereranyo yumvikanisha ko ubuzima bw’uwo muntu buba burimo burangira. Hari Bibiliya zahinduye ayo magambo yo mu Ntangiriro 35:18, zigira ziti “agiye gupfa.”—Good News Translation.
Inkomoko y’inyigisho ivuga ko ubugingo budapfa
Amadini yiyita aya gikristo yemera ko ubugingo budapfa, yakuye iyo nyigisho muri filozofiya z’Abagiriki ba kera; si muri Bibiliya. Hari inkoranyamagambo yagize iti “muri Bibiliya ahantu havuga ubugingo herekeza ku gitekerezo cyo guhumeka kandi nta tandukaniro ishyira hagati y’ubugingo butagaragara n’umubiri usanzwe. Igitekerezo amadini yiyita aya gikristo afite cy’uko ubugingo butandukanye n’umubiri gikomoka mu Bagiriki ba kera.”—Encyclopædia Britannica.
Imana ntiyemera ko ibyo itwigisha bibangikanywa na filozofiya z’abantu, urugero nk’izivuga ko ubugingo budapfa. Ahubwo Bibiliya itanga umuburo igira iti “mwirinde kugira ngo hatagira umuntu ubagusha mu mutego, yifashishije filozofiya n’ibitekerezo by’ubushukanyi bidafite ishingiro, bishingiye ku migenzo y’abantu.”—Abakolosayi 2:8.
a Reba igitabo The New Brown, Driver, and Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament, ku ipaji ya 659 n’igitabo Lexicon in Veteris Testamenti Libros, ku ipaji ya 627. Ubuhinduzi bwinshi bwa Bibiliya buhindura ijambo neʹphesh na psy·kheʹ mu buryo butandukanye bukurikije ikivugwaho, bugakoresha ijambo “ubugingo,” “ubuzima,” “umuntu,” “ikiremwa” cyangwa “umubiri.”