Turenganywa tuzira gukiranuka

“Hahirwa abarenganyirijwe gukiranuka.”​—MATAYO 5:10.

1. Kuki Yesu yari imbere ya Ponsiyo Pilato, kandi se, ni iki yavuze?

“IKI ni cyo navukiye kandi ni cyo cyanzanye mu isi: ni ukugira ngo mpamye ukuri” (Yohana 18:37). Igihe Yesu yavugaga ayo magambo, yari imbere y’Umutegetsi w’Umuroma witwaga Ponsiyo Pilato, wategekaga i Yudaya. Yesu ntiyari aho ngaho ku bushake bwe cyangwa ku butumire bwa Pilato. Ahubwo byatewe n’uko abayobozi b’idini b’Abayahudi bari bamushinje ibinyoma bavuga ko ari umugizi wa nabi wari ukwiriye gupfa.—Yohana 18:29-31.

2. Ni ikihe gikorwa Yesu yakoze, kandi se, byagenze bite?

² Yesu yari azi neza ko Pilato yari afite ububasha bwo kumurekura cyangwa kumwica (Yohana 19:10). Ariko ibyo ntibyamubujije kubwira Pilato ibyerekeye Ubwami ashize amanga. N’ubwo ubuzima bwa Yesu bwari mu kaga, yabwirije umutegetsi wari ukomeye cyane muri ako karere. Ariko n’ubwo Yesu yatanze ubwo buhamya, ntibyabujije ko akatirwa urwo gupfa, akicwa urw’agashinyaguro amanitswe ku giti cy’umubabaro ahowe ukwizera kwe.—Matayo 27:24-26; Mariko 15:15; Luka 23:24, 25; Yohana 19:13-16.

Umuhamya n’umuntu wicwa ahowe ukwizera kwe batandukaniye he?

3. Ni iki ijambo ry’Ikigiriki ryakomotseho “umumaritiri” ryasobanuraga igihe Bibiliya yandikwaga, ariko se, ni iki iryo jambo risobanura muri iki gihe?

³ Muri iki gihe, abantu benshi usanga bitiranya abemera kwicwa bazira ukwizera kwabo n’abantu b’abafana, b’intagondwa. Abemera gupfa bazira ukwizera kwabo, cyane cyane ukwizera gushingiye ku idini, akenshi bakekwaho ko ari abantu bakoresha iterabwoba cyangwa abantu bashobora guteza rubanda akaga. Ariko kandi, ijambo “umumaritiri” cyangwa umuntu wemera gupfa ahowe imyizerere ye, rikomoka ku ijambo ry’Ikigiriki (marʹtys). Igihe Bibiliya yandikwaga, iryo jambo ryasobanuraga gusa “umuhamya,” cyangwa umuntu watanzweho umugabo, wenda nko mu rukiko, kugira ngo yemeze ukuri kw’ibyo azi. Nyuma y’aho ni bwo iryo jambo ryaje gusobanurwa ko ari “umuntu uhara amagara ye kugira ngo atange ubuhamya,” cyangwa umuntu utanga ubuhamya binyuriye ku guhara amagara ye.

4. Ni mu buhe buryo bw’ibanze Yesu yari umumaritiri?

⁴ Mu buryo bw’ibanze, Yesu yari “umumaritiri” dukurikije uko iryo jambo ryasobanurwaga mu mizo ya mbere. Nk’uko yabibwiye Pilato, yaje ‘guhamya ukuri.’ Abantu bitabiriye ubuhamya bwe mu buryo butandukanye cyane. Hari abantu bo muri rubanda rwa giseseka bashishikajwe cyane n’amagambo ya Yesu n’ibikorwa bye, baramwizera (Yohana 2:23; 8:30). Abandi bantu muri rusange, cyane cyane abayobozi b’idini, baraburwanyije cyane. Yesu yabwiye bene wabo batamwizeraga ati “ab’isi ntibabasha kubanga, ariko jyewe baranyanga kuko mpamya ibyabo, yuko imirimo yabo ari mibi” (Yohana 7:7). Kubera ko Yesu yahamyaga ukuri, byatumye abayobozi b’ishyanga rye bamwanga, baza no kumwica. Ni koko, yari “umugabo wo guhamya (marʹtys) kandi ukiranuka w’ukuri.”—Ibyahishuwe 3:14.

“Muzangwa”

5. Igihe Yesu yatangiraga umurimo we, ni iki yavuze ku bihereranye no gutotezwa?

⁵ Yesu si we wenyine wahuye n’ibitotezo bikaze, ahubwo yaburiye abigishwa be ko na bo bari kuzatotezwa. Igihe Yesu yatangiraga umurimo we, yabwiye abari bamuteze amatwi mu Kibwiriza cye cyo ku Musozi ati “hahirwa abarenganyirijwe gukiranuka, kuko ubwami bwo mu ijuru ari ubwabo. Namwe muzahirwa ubwo bazabatuka bakabarenganya, bakababeshyera ibibi byinshi babampora. Muzanezerwe, muzishime cyane kuko ingororano zanyu ari nyinshi mu ijuru.”—Matayo 5:10-12.

6. Ni uwuhe muburo Yesu yahaye intumwa ze 12 igihe yazoherezaga kubwiriza?

⁶ Nyuma y’aho ubwo Yesu yoherezaga intumwa ze 12, yarazibwiye ati “mwirinde abantu, kuko bazabagambanira mu nkiko, kandi bazabakubitira mu masinagogi, bazabashyīra abatware n’abami babampora, muzaba abo guhamya imbere yabo n’imbere y’abapagani.” Ariko abayobozi b’amadini si bo bonyine bari kuzatoteza abigishwa. Yesu yakomeje avuga ati “umuvandimwe azagambanira mwene se ngo yicwe, na se w’umwana azamugambanira, n’abana bazagomera ababyeyi ngo babīcīshe. Muzangwa n’abantu bose babahora izina ryanjye, ariko uwihangana akageza imperuka ni we uzakizwa” (Matayo 10:17, 18, 21, 22). Inkuru zivuga iby’akaga Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bahuye na ko ni igihamya kigaragaza ukuri kw’ayo magambo.

Inkuru z’abantu bakomeje kwihangana

7. Ni iyihe mpamvu yatumye Sitefano yicwa?

⁷ Nyuma gato y’urupfu rwa Yesu, Sitefano yabaye Umukristo wa mbere wishwe azira ko yahamyaga ukuri. Yari ‘yuzuye ubuntu bw’Imana n’imbaraga, agakorera mu bantu ibitangaza n’ibimenyetso bikomeye.’ Abanyedini bamwangaga ‘ntibabashije gutsinda ubwenge n’umwuka byamuvugishaga’ (Ibyakozwe 6:8, 10). Bazabiranyijwe n’uburakari maze bakurubana Sitefano bamushyikiriza Urukiko rukuru rw’Abayahudi, ahageze ahangana n’abamushinjaga ibinyoma kandi atanga ubuhamya bukomeye. Amaherezo ariko, abanzi ba Sitefano baje kwica uwo muhamya w’indahemuka.—Ibyakozwe 7:59, 60.

8. Abigishwa bari i Yerusalemu babyifashemo bate igihe batotezwaga nyuma y’iyicwa rya Sitefano?

⁸ Nyuma y’iyicwa rya Sitefano, ‘hadutse akarengane gakomeye mu itorero ry’i Yerusalemu, bose batatanira mu bihugu by’i Yudaya n’i Samariya, keretse intumwa’ (Ibyakozwe 8:1). Mbese ibyo bitotezo byatumye Abakristo bareka kubwiriza? Reka da! Ahubwo, iyo nkuru itubwira ko ‘abatatanye bagiye hose, bamamaza ijambo ry’Imana’ (Ibyakozwe 8:4). Bagomba kuba baragize ibyiyumvo nk’ibyo intumwa Petero yari afite igihe yavugaga mbere y’aho ati “ibikwiriye ni ukumvira Imana kuruta abantu” (Ibyakozwe 5:29). N’ubwo abo bigishwa bizerwa kandi b’intwari batotejwe, bakomeje guhamya ukuri nta kudohoka, n’ubwo bari bazi ko byari gutuma barushaho kugira ingorane.—Ibyakozwe 11:19-21.

9. Ni ibihe bitotezo abigishwa ba Yesu bakomeje guhura na byo?

⁹ Ni koko, ntibasibaga guhura n’akaga. Mbere na mbere tubwirwa ko Sawuli, we wemeye ko Sitefano yicishwa amabuye, ‘yakomeje gukangisha abigishwa b’Umwami ko bicwa, ajya ku mutambyi mukuru amusaba inzandiko zo guha ab’amasinagogi y’i Damasiko, kugira ngo nabona abantu b’Inzira ya Yesu, abagabo cyangwa abagore, ababohe abajyane i Yerusalemu’ (Ibyakozwe 9:1, 2). Hanyuma ahagana mu mwaka wa 44 I.C.a, ‘Umwami Herode yafashe abo mu Itorero bamwe abagirira nabi. Yicisha Yakobo inkota, mwene se wa Yohana.’—Ibyakozwe 12:1, 2.

10. Ni iyihe nkuru ivuga ibyo gutotezwa dusanga mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa no mu Byahishuwe?

¹⁰ Ibindi bice byo mu Byakozwe n’Intumwa bikubiyemo inkuru itazibagirana ivuga ibigeragezo abizerwa bamwe bahuye na byo, ukuntu bafunzwe bakanatotezwa, urugero nka Pawulo wari warahoze atoteza abigishwa nyuma y’aho akaza kuba intumwa, ushobora kuba yarishwe n’Umwami w’Abaroma witwaga Nero ahagana mu mwaka wa 65 I.C., amuhoye ukwizera kwe (2 Abakorinto 11:23-27; 2 Timoteyo 4:6-8). Hanyuma mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe cyanditswe ku iherezo ry’ikinyejana cya mbere, tubwirwa ukuntu intumwa Yohana wari ugeze mu za bukuru yafungiwe ku kirwa cyitwaga Patimo ‘bamuhora ijambo ry’Imana no guhamya kwa Yesu.’ Nanone mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe havugwamo uwitwaga ‘Antipa, umugabo wakiranukiraga guhamya, wiciwe’ i Perugamo.—Ibyahishuwe 1:9; 2:13.

11. Ni gute ibyabaye ku Bakristo ba mbere bigaragaza ukuri kw’amagambo ya Yesu ahereranye n’ibitotezo?

¹¹ Ibyo byose bigaragaza ukuri kw’amagambo Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be agira ati “niba bandenganyije namwe bazabarenganya” (Yohana 15:20). Abakristo bizerwa ba mbere bari biteguye guhangana n’ikigeragezo gikomeye kuruta ibindi byose cyo kwicwa, byaba ari ukwicwa urubozo, gushumurizwa inyamaswa z’inkazi cyangwa kwicwa mu bundi buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, kugira ngo basohoze itegeko bahawe n’Umwami Yesu Kristo wagize ati “muzaba abagabo bo kumpamya i Yerusalemu n’i Yudaya yose n’i Samariya, no kugeza ku mpera y’isi.”—Ibyakozwe 1:8.

12. Kuki gutotezwa kw’Abakristo kutari uko mu gihe cya kera gusa?

¹² Umuntu yaba yibeshye rwose atekereje ko ibikorwa by’ubugome byakorewe abigishwa ba Yesu byabayeho kera gusa. Pawulo twabonye ko na we yagezweho n’imibabaro myinshi yaranditse ati “abashaka kujya bubaha Imana bose bari muri Kristo Yesu, bazarenganywa” (2 Timoteyo 3:12). Ku birebana n’ibitotezo, Petero yaravuze ati “ibyo ni byo mwahamagariwe, kuko na Kristo yabababarijwe akabasigira icyitegererezo, kugira ngo mugere ikirenge mu cye” (1 Petero 2:21). Kugeza muri iyi “minsi y’imperuka,” abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova bakomeje kwangwa kandi bakarwanywa (2 Timoteyo 3:1). Hirya no hino ku isi Abahamya ba Yehova bagiye batotezwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu ndetse n’ubwitwa ko bugendera kuri demokarasi.

Kuki bangwa kandi bagatotezwa?

13. Ku birebana n’ibitotezo, ni iki abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri iki gihe bagombye kuzirikana?

¹³ N’ubwo muri iki gihe benshi muri twe dufite umudendezo mu rugero runaka wo kubwiriza no guteranira hamwe nta nkomyi, tugomba kuzirikana ibyo twibutswa na Bibiliya ko ‘ishusho y’iyi si ishira’ (1 Abakorinto 7:31). Ibintu bishobora guhinduka mu kanya nk’ako guhumbya ku buryo tubaye tutiteguye mu bwenge, mu buryo bw’ibyiyumvo no mu buryo bw’umwuka, dushobora gusitara mu buryo bworoshye. None se, twakora iki kugira ngo twirinde? Uburyo bw’ingenzi twakwirindamo ni ukuzirikana mu bwenge bwacu impamvu ituma Abakristo b’abanyamahoro kandi bumvira amategeko ya leta batotezwa kandi bakangwa.

14. Petero yagaragaje iyihe mpamvu yatumaga Abakristo batotezwa?

¹⁴ Icyo kibazo intumwa Petero yakivuzeho mu rwandiko rwe rwa mbere yanditse ahagana mu mwaka wa 62-64 I.C., igihe Abakristo bo mu Bwami bw’Abaroma hose bari bahanganye n’ibigeragezo n’ibitotezo. Yagize ati “bakundwa, mwe gutangazwa n’ikome ryo kubagerageza riri hagati yanyu ngo mumere nk’abagushije ishyano.” Petero yasobanuye icyo yashakaga kuvuga, akomeza agira ati “ntihakagire umuntu wo muri mwe ubabazwa bamuhōra kwica cyangwa kwiba, cyangwa gukora inabi yindi cyangwa kuba kazitereyemo. Ariko umuntu nababazwa azira kuba Umukristo ntagakorwe n’isoni, ahubwo ahimbaze Imana ku bw’iryo zina.” Petero yagaragaje ko batababarizwaga kuba hari ibintu bibi babaga bakoze, ahubwo bababazwaga bazira abo bari bo. Iyo baza kuba barifatanyaga mu bikorwa byo ‘gushayisha no gukabya ubukubaganyi’ kimwe n’abandi bose bari babakikije, baba barabemeye ntibabange. Ariko rero, bababazwaga bazira ko bihatiraga kuba abigishwa ba Kristo nyabo. No muri iki gihe na bwo ni uko bimeze ku Bakristo b’ukuri.—1 Petero 4:4, 12, 15, 16.

15. Ni mu buhe buryo Abahamya ba Yehova bakorerwa ibintu bihabanye n’uko babonwa muri iki gihe?

¹⁵ Mu bihugu byinshi byo ku isi, Abahamya ba Yehova bavugwa neza bitewe n’ubumwe n’ubufatanye bagaragaza mu makoraniro yabo no mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi, bagashimirwa ko ari inyangamugayo kandi ko bakorana umwete, bakagira imyifatire ntangarugero mu by’umuco n’imibereho y’umuryango, n’ukuntu usanga bakeye kandi bafite ikinyabupfura.b Ariko igihe iyi ngingo yategurwaga, hari ibihugu bigera kuri 28 Abahamya ba Yehova batari bemerewe gukoreramo, kandi hari Abahamya benshi bakubitwa bakanyagwa n’ibyabo bazira ukwizera kwabo. None se, kuki Abahamya bazwiho kuba bagira imyifatire ntangarugero ariko bagafatwa nabi bene ako kageni? Kuki Imana ireka ibyo bikabaho?

16. Ni iyihe mpamvu y’ibanze ituma Imana ireka abagize ubwoko bwayo bagatotezwa?

¹⁶ Mbere na mbere, twagombye kuzirikana amagambo aboneka mu Migani 27:11 hagira hati “mwana wanjye, gira ubwenge, kandi unezeze umutima wanjye, kugira ngo mbone uko nsubiza untutse.” Koko rero, ibyo bifitanye isano n’ikibazo cy’ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga cyazamuwe kera cyane. N’ubwo hari ibihamya byinshi cyane byatanzwe n’abantu bose bagiye bakomeza gushikama ku Mana mu gihe cyose cy’amateka, Satani ntiyaretse gukomeza gutuka Yehova nk’uko yabigenje mu gihe cy’umukiranutsi Yobu (Yobu 1:9-11; 2:4, 5). Nta gushidikanya ko Satani yarushijeho gukaza umurego mu mihati ye ya nyuma yo gushaka kugaragaza ko ibyo yavuze ari ukuri, dore ko noneho ubu Ubwami bw’Imana bwamaze gushyirwaho, ku isi hose hakaba hari abayoboke babwo n’ababuhagarariye b’indahemuka. Mbese aho bazakomeza kuba indahemuka ku Mana, uko amakuba n’ingorane bizabageraho byaba biri kose? Icyo ni ikibazo buri mugaragu wa Yehova wese agomba gusubiza ku giti cye.—Ibyahishuwe 12:12, 17.

17. Ni iki Yesu yashakaga kuvuga igihe yavugaga ati “ibyo bizababeraho kugira ngo mube abahamya”?

¹⁷ Igihe Yesu yabwiraga abigishwa be ibintu byari kuzabaho mu gihe “cy’imperuka,” yagaragaje indi mpamvu ituma Yehova areka abagaragu be bagatotezwa. Yarababwiye ati ‘bazabashyira abami n’abategeka babahora izina ryanjye. Ibyo bizababeraho kugira ngo mube abahamya’ (Matayo 24:3, 9; Luka 21:12, 13). Yesu ubwe yatanze ubuhamya imbere ya Herode na Ponsiyo Pilato. Intumwa Pawulo na we yajyanywe imbere y’ “abami n’abategeka.” Pawulo abibwiwe n’Umwami Yesu Kristo, yashatse uko yabwiriza umutegetsi wari ukomeye cyane muri icyo gihe, ubwo yavugaga ati “njuririye kuri Kayisari” (Ibyakozwe 23:11; 25:8-12). No muri iki gihe, akenshi imimerere igoranye yagiye ituma abategetsi hamwe na rubanda bahabwa ubuhamya.c

18, 19. (a) Ibigeragezo duhura na byo bishobora kutuzanira izihe nyungu? (b) Ni ibihe bibazo tuzasuzuma mu gice gikurikira?

¹⁸ Mu gusoza, twavuga ko guhangana n’ibigeragezo n’ibitotezo bishobora kutuzanira inyungu. Mu buhe buryo? Umwigishwa Yakobo yibukije Abakristo bagenzi be ati “bene Data, mwemere ko ari iby’ibyishimo rwose nimugubwa gitumo n’ibibagerageza bitari bimwe, mumenye yuko kugeragezwa ko kwizera kwanyu gutera kwihangana.” Ni koko, ibitotezo bishobora gucenshura ukwizera kwacu kandi bigatuma turushaho kugaragaza ukwihangana. Ku bw’ibyo, ntidutinya guhura n’ibitotezo, cyangwa ngo dushake ukuntu twabihunga cyangwa ngo tubirangize dukoresheje uburyo bunyuranyije n’Ibyanditswe. Ahubwo twumvira inama ya Yakobo igira iti ‘tureke ukwihangana gusohoze umurimo wako, tubone gutungana rwose dushyitse tutabuzeho na gato.’—Yakobo 1:2-4.

¹⁹ N’ubwo Ijambo ry’Imana ridufasha gusobanukirwa impamvu ituma abagaragu bizerwa b’Imana batotezwa n’impamvu Yehova areka bagatotezwa, ibyo ntibituma byanze bikunze bitworohera kwihanganira ibitotezo. Ni iki kizabidufashamo? Twakora iki niba duhuye n’ibitotezo? Tuzasuzuma ibyo bibazo mu gice gikurikira.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

Ni gute wasobanura?

• Ni mu buhe buryo bw’ibanze Yesu yari “umumaritiri”?

• Ibitotezo byagize izihe ngaruka ku Bakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere?

• Nk’uko Petero yabisobanuye, kuki Abakristo ba mbere batotezwaga?

• Kuki Yehova areka abagaragu be bagatotezwa?

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 10 n’iya 11]

Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere ntibababazwaga bazira ko bakoraga ibintu bibi, ahubwo bababazwaga bazira abo bari bo

PAWULO

YOHANA

ANTIPA

YAKOBO

SITEFANO