Igice cya 121

Ajyanwa Imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi, Hanyuma Akajyanwa kwa Pilato

IJORO ryari riri hafi gucya. Petero yari yihakanye Yesu ubwa gatatu, abagize Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi barangije guca ingirwa rubanza, kandi bari bamaze gutatana. Ariko kandi, ku wa Gatanu mu museke, bongeye guterana, icyo gihe noneho bateranira mu nzu y’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi. Uko bigaragara, intego yabo yari ukugira ngo urubanza rwari rwaciwe nijoro baruhe agasura k’uko rwari rwemewe n’amategeko. Igihe babazaniraga Yesu, nk’uko bari bavuze nijoro, barongeye baramubwira bati “niba uri Kristo, tubwire.”

Yesu yarabashubije ati “nubwo nababwira, ntimwabyemera . . . [kandi] naho nababaza, ntimwansubiza.” Ariko kandi, Yesu yagize ubutwari bwo kugaragaza uwo yari we, agira ati “uhereye none Umwana w’umuntu azaba yicaye iburyo bw’ubushobozi bw’Imana.”

Bose baramubajije bati “noneho uri Umwana w’Imana?”

Yesu yarabashubije ati “mwakabimenye ko ndi we.”

Kubera ko abo bagabo bashakaga kumwica, kuri bo icyo gisubizo cyari gihagije. Babonaga ko ibyo ari ugutuka Imana. Barabazanyije bati “turacyashakira iki abagabo? Ko twumvise ubwacu abyivugiye ubwe!” Ku bw’ibyo rero, baboshye Yesu, baramujyana maze bamushyira umutegetsi w’Umuroma witwaga Ponsiyo Pilato.

Yuda, we wagambaniye Yesu, yari arimo yitegereza uko ibintu byagendaga. Abonye Yesu akatiwe urwo gupfa, yicujije icyatumye abikora. Ni yo mpamvu yasanze abatambyi bakuru n’abakuru bo muri rubanda kugira ngo abasubize bya bice by’ifeza mirongo itatu, akababwira ati “nakoze icyaha, kuko nagambaniye amaraso atariho urubanza.”

Bamushubije batamwitayeho bati “biramaze! Ni ibyawe.” Ku bw’ibyo, Yuda yajugunye bya bice by’ifeza mu rusengero, maze ajya kugerageza kwimanika. Ariko uko bigaragara, ishami Yuda yari yamanitseho umugozi ryaracitse maze arahanuka agwa ku bibuye byari aho hasi, arashwanyagurika.

Abatambyi bakuru bayobewe icyo bari bakwiriye gukoresha ibyo bice by’ifeza. Baravuze bati “amategeko ntiyemera ko tubishyira mu bubiko bw’Imana, kuko ari ibiguzi by’amaraso.” Bityo rero, bamaze kubyumvikanaho, ayo mafaranga bayaguze umurima w’umubumbyi kugira ngo bajye bawuhambamo abanyamahanga. Ku bw’ibyo, uwo murima wiswe “Isambu y’amaraso.”

Igihe bafataga Yesu maze bakamujyana mu ngoro y’umutware, hari hakiri kare. Ariko Abayahudi bari bamukurikiye banze kwinjira kubera ko bumvaga ko kugirana imishyikirano ya bugufi n’Abanyamahanga muri ubwo buryo byari kubahumanya. Bityo, kugira ngo Pilato abanezeze, yarasohotse abasanga hanze. Yarababajije ati “uyu muntu muramurega iki?”

Baramushubije bati “uyu iyaba atakoze icyaha, ntituba tumukuzaniye.”

Kubera ko Pilato atashakaga kubyivangamo, yarababwiye ati “nimumujyane, abe ari mwe mumucira urubanza, nk’uko amategeko yanyu ari.”

Abayahudi bashyize ahagaragara umugambi bari bafite wo kwica Yesu, bagira bati “twebwe ntitwemererwa kwica umuntu.” Koko rero, iyo baza kwica Yesu mu gihe cy’Umunsi Mukuru wa Pasika, uko bigaragara byari gutuma abantu bivumbagatanya, kubera ko benshi bubahaga Yesu cyane. Ariko iyo bashobora gutuma yicwa n’Abaroma ku mpamvu za politiki, byari gutuma abaturage babona ko bo batari babifitemo uruhare.

Bityo rero, abayobozi ba kidini ntibigeze bahingutsa iby’urubanza bari baciriye Yesu mbere y’aho bamushinja ko yatutse Imana, ahubwo noneho bahimbye ibindi birego. Bazamuye ikirego cyari kigizwe n’ibintu bitatu bikurikira: “uyu twamubonye [1] agandisha ubwoko bwacu, [2] ababuza guha Kayisari umusoro, [3] kandi avuga ko ari Kristo Umwami.”

Ikirego bashinjaga Yesu cy’uko yari yarihandagaje akavuga ko ari umwami ni cyo cyashishikaje Pilato. Bityo rero, yarongeye yinjira mu ngoro, ahamagara Yesu maze aramubaza ati “ni wowe mwami w’Abayuda?” Mu yandi magambo, ni nk’aho yakamubajije ati: warenze ku mategeko wiyita umwami urwanya Kayisari?

Yesu yashatse kumenya ibyo Pilato yari yaramaze kubwirwa ku bihereranye na we uko bingana, maze aramubaza ati “mbese ibyo ubibajije ku bwawe, cyangwa se ni abandi bakubwiye ibyanjye?”

Pilato yiyemereye ko nta kintu yari azi ku bihereranye na we, kandi ko yifuzaga kumenya uko ibintu byari biri mu buryo nyakuri. Yaramushubije ati “uragira ngo ndi Umuyuda? Ab’ubwoko bwanyu n’abatambyi bakuru ni bo bakunzaniye. Wakoze iki?”

Yesu ntiyari arimo agerageza kwihunza icyo kibazo cyo kumenya niba yari umwami. Nta gushidikanya, igisubizo Yesu yatanze icyo gihe cyatangaje Pilato. Luka 22:66–23:3; Matayo 27:1-11; Mariko 15:1; Yohana 18:28-35; Ibyakozwe 1:16-20.

▪ Kuki Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi rwongeye guterana mu gitondo?

▪ Ni gute Yuda yapfuye, kandi se, ibice 30 by’ifeza byakoreshejwe iki?

▪ Kuki Abayahudi bashakaga ko Abaroma aba ari bo bica Yesu aho kugira ngo bamwiyicire ubwabo?

▪ Ni ibihe birego Abayahudi bashinje Yesu?

Igice cya 122

Bamuvana kwa Pilato Bakamujyana kwa Herode, Hanyuma Bakongera Kumugarura

N’UBWO Yesu atagerageje guhisha Pilato ko ari umwami, yasobanuye ko Ubwami bwe butashoboraga guteza akaga Abaroma. Yesu yaravuze ati “Ubwami bwanjye si ubw’iyi si; iyaba [U]bwami bwanjye bwari ubw’iyi si, abagaragu banjye baba barwanye, ngo ntahabwa Abayuda: ariko noneho [U]bwami bwanjye si ubw’ino.” Bityo rero, Yesu yemeye incuro eshatu zose ko afite Ubwami, n’ubwo butakomokaga ku isi.

Ariko kandi, Pilato yarakomeje aramubaza ati “noneho ga uri umwami?” Ibyo bikaba byari nko kumubaza ati ‘mbese uri umwami n’ubwo Ubwami bwawe atari ubw’iyi si?’

Yesu yabwiye Pilato ko yari yageze ku mwanzuro ukwiriye, agira ati “wakabimenye, ko ndi umwami. Iki ni cyo navukiye; kandi ni cyo cyanzanye mu isi, ni ukugira ngo mpamye ukuri: uw’ukuri wese yumva ijwi ryanjye.”

Ni koko, impamvu y’ingenzi yatumye Yesu aza kuba ku isi yari iyo kugira ngo ahamye “ukuri,” cyane cyane ukuri guhereranye n’Ubwami bwe. Yesu yari yiteguye kuba uwizerwa kuri uko kuri, n’ubwo byari kumusaba gutanga ubuzima bwe. N’ubwo Pilato yabajije ati “ukuri ni iki?,” ntiyategereje guhabwa ibindi bisobanuro. Yari yumvise byinshi bihagije ku buryo yashoboraga guca urubanza.

Pilato yasubiye aho imbaga y’abantu yari itegerereje hanze y’ingoro. Uko bigaragara, Yesu yari iruhande rwe igihe yabwiraga abatambyi bakuru n’abo bari kumwe ati “nta cyaha mbonye kuri uyu muntu.”

Iyo mbaga y’abantu yarakajwe n’uwo mwanzuro, irashega iti “agomesha abantu, yigisha i Yudaya hose, uhereye i Galilaya ukageza n’ino.”

Pilato agomba kuba yaratangajwe n’ishyaka ridahuje n’ubwenge abo Bayahudi bari bafite. Bityo rero, mu gihe abatambyi bakuru n’abakuru bo muri rubanda barimo basakuza, Pilato yarahindukiye abaza Yesu ati “ntiwumvise uko bagushinje byinshi?” Ariko kandi, Yesu ntiyigeze agerageza gusubiza. Pilato yatangajwe n’ukuntu Yesu yari atuje igihe yari ahanganye n’ibirego bidafite ishingiro bamushinjaga.

Igihe Pilato yamenyaga ko Yesu ari Umunyagalilaya, yari abonye uburyo bwo kumwikuraho. Kubera ko umutware w’i Galilaya, ari we Herode Antipa (umuhungu wa Herode Mukuru), yari i Yerusalemu yaje kwizihiza Pasika, Pilato yamwoherereje Yesu. Mbere y’aho, Herode Antipa yari yaraciye Yohana Umubatiza igihanga, hanyuma aza kugira ubwoba cyane igihe yumvaga ibikorwa bitangaje Yesu yari arimo akora, kubera ko yatinyaga ko Yesu yaba mu by’ukuri ari Yohana wazutse.

Ku bw’ibyo, Herode yashimishijwe cyane n’uko yari agiye kubona Yesu. Ariko kandi, ntibyari bitewe n’uko yari ahangayikiye Yesu cyangwa ngo abe yari agiye kugerageza kumenya niba ibyo bamuregaga byari ukuri cyangwa niba bitari ukuri. Ahubwo, yabitewe n’uko yari yifitiye amatsiko gusa kandi akaba yari yiringiye kubona Yesu akora igitangaza runaka.

Ariko kandi, Yesu yanze kumara Herode amatsiko. Mu by’ukuri, igihe Herode yamubazaga ibibazo, ntiyigeze agira ijambo na rimwe avuga. Igihe Herode n’abasirikare be bamurinda bari bamaze kumanjirwa, batangiye kunegura Yesu. Bamwambitse umwenda ubengerana maze baramushinyagurira. Nyuma y’aho, baje kongera kumwohereza kwa Pilato. Ingaruka zabaye iz’uko Herode na Pilato babaye incuti, kandi ubundi baranganaga.

Igihe Yesu yari agarutse, Pilato yahamagaye abatambyi bakuru, abayobozi b’Abayahudi n’abantu bose muri rusange maze arababwira ati “mwanzaniye uyu muntu, ngo yagandishije abantu; none dore ubwanjye namubarije imbere yanyu, nyamara nta cyaha mbonye kuri we mu byo mwamureze. Ndetse Herode na we nta cyo yabonye, kuko yamutugaruriye: kandi dore nta cyo yakoze gikwiriye kumwicisha: nuko nimara kumukubita, ndamubohora.”

Bityo rero, Pilato yavuze incuro ebyiri zose ko Yesu ari umwere. Yifuzaga cyane kumurekura, kuko yabonaga ko abatambyi bari bamutanze babitewe gusa n’uko bari bamufitiye ishyari. Igihe Pilato yari agishakisha ukuntu yarekura Yesu, yabonye impamvu ndetse ikomeye kurushaho yo kumurekura. Mu gihe yari yicaye ku ntebe y’imanza, umugore we yamwoherereje ubutumwa, amwinginga ati “ntugire icyo utwara uwo mukiranutsi; kuko naraye ndose byinshi kuri we [uko bigaragara biturutse ku Mana] byambabaje.”

Pilato yari azi ko yagombaga kurekura uwo muntu utari uriho urubanza, ariko se, yari kubishobora ate? Yohana 18:36-38; Luka 23:4-16; Matayo 27:12-14, 18, 19; 14:1, 2; Mariko 15:2-5.

▪ Ni gute Yesu yashubije ikibazo cyari gihereranye n’ubwami bwe?

▪ Ni ukuhe ‘kuri’ Yesu yahamije mu gihe cyose yari hano ku isi?

▪ Ni uwuhe mwanzuro Pilato yafashe, ni gute abantu babyitabiriye, kandi se, ni gute yagenje Yesu?

▪ Herode Antipa yari nde, kuki yashimishijwe cyane no kubona Yesu, kandi se, ni gute yamugenje?

▪ Kuki Pilato yifuzaga cyane kurekura Yesu?

Igice cya 123

“Uwo Muntu Nguyu!”

KUBERA ko Pilato yari yatangajwe n’imyifatire ya Yesu kandi akaba yari azi neza ko yari umwere, yashakishije ubundi buryo bwo kumurekura. Yabwiye imbaga y’abantu bari aho ati “mufite umugenzo, ko mbabohorera imbohe imwe mu minsi ya Pasika.”

Kubera ko hari umwicanyi ruharwa witwaga Baraba na we wari ufunzwe, Pilato yarababajije ati “uwo mushaka ko mbabohorera ni nde? Ni Baraba, cyangwa ni Yesu witwa Kristo?”

Abantu babitewe n’abatambyi bakuru bari babashyuhije, basabye ko Baraba yarekurwa, ariko Yesu we bamusabira kwicwa. Pilato ntiyarekeye aho, ahubwo mu kubasubiza yarongeye arababaza ati “muri abo bombi, uwo mushaka ni nde, nkamubabohorera?”

Barashakuje bati “ni Baraba.”

Hanyuma Pilato yababajije yacitse intege ati ‘nuko Yesu witwa Kristo mugire nte?’

Basakurije icyarimwe bati “namanikwe!” “Manika! Mumanike!”

Kubera ko Pilato yari azi ko uwo basabaga ngo yicwe yari umwere, yarabinginze ati “kuki? Uyu yakoze cyaha ki? Simubonyeho icyaha cyo kumwicisha; nuko nimara kumukubita, ndamubohora.”

N’ubwo Pilato yari yakoze uko ashoboye kose, iyo mbaga y’abantu bari barubiye, bohejwe n’abayobozi babo ba kidini, bakomeje gusakuza bagira bati “namanikwe!” Iyo mbaga y’abantu bari barubijwe n’abatambyi, bashakaga amaraso. Kandi wibuke ko, iminsi itanu gusa mbere y’aho, bamwe muri bo bashobora kuba bari mu bahaye Yesu ikaze igihe yinjiraga i Yerusalemu ari Umwami! Muri icyo gihe, abigishwa ba Yesu, niba bari banahari, baricecekeye kandi ntibigaragaza.

Pilato abonye ko ibyo yabasabaga nta cyo byatangaga, ahubwo ko byari byateje imidugararo, yafashe amazi maze akarabira intoki imbere y’iyo mbaga y’abantu, hanyuma aravuga ati “jyeweho nta cyaha kindiho ku bw’amaraso y’uyu mukiranutsi: birabe ibyanyu.” Abantu babyumvise baramushubije bati “amaraso ye natubeho no ku bana bacu.”

Bityo rero, Pilato yubahirije icyifuzo cyabo—kandi bitewe n’uko yashakaga gushimisha iyo mbaga y’abantu aho gukora ibyo yari azi ko ari byo bikwiriye—yababohoreye Baraba. Yafashe Yesu maze amwambura imyenda, hanyuma aramukubita. Uko ntikwari ugukubita gusanzwe. Ikinyamakuru cyitwa Journal de l’Association des médecins américains cyavuze ku bihereranye n’uburyo Abaroma bakubitaga muri aya magambo:

“Ubusanzwe, bakoreshaga ikiboko kigufi (flagrum cyangwa flagellum) cy’imikoba itandukanye umwe umwe cyangwa iboheranyije y’uburebure bugiye butandukana, babaga bahambiriyeho utwuma duto twiburungushuye cyangwa uduce tw’amagufwa y’intama dusongoye bakagenda basiga umwanya hagati. . . . Mu gihe abasirikare b’Abaroma bakubitaga umuntu mu mugongo bikurikiranya kandi babigiranye imbaraga zabo zose, twa twuma twiburungushuye twamukomeretsaga imbere mu mubiri, naho utugufwa tw’intama tugapfumura uruhu tukinjira imbere. Hanyuma, uko bakomezaga kumukubita, imihore yaratanyagurikaga maze igahinduka udushwanyu tw’inyama zivirirana.”

Yesu amaze gukubitwa muri ubwo buryo bubabaje, yajyanywe mu ngoro y’umutware, maze inteko yose y’abasirikare irakorana. Aho ngaho, abasirikare bakomeje kumushinyagurira, baboha ikamba ry’amahwa maze barimutsindagira ku mutwe. Bamushyize urubingo mu kuboko kw’iburyo, banamwambika umwenda w’umuhengeri usa n’uwo abami bambaraga. Hanyuma, bamubwiye bamunnyega bati “ni amahoro, mwami w’Abayuda!” Nanone kandi, bamuciriye mu maso bamukubita n’inshyi. Bamwatse urubingo rukomeye yari afashe mu ntoki maze baba ari rwo bamukubitisha mu mutwe, bikaba byaratumaga amahwa asongoye ya rya ‘kamba’ bari bamwambitse bamushinyagurira arushaho kumujomba mu mutwe.

Pilato yatangajwe cyane n’imyifatire idasanzwe yo kwiyubaha n’ubutwari Yesu yagaragaje mu gihe yakorerwaga ibyo bintu bibi, ku buryo byamuteye gushakisha ubundi buryo bwo kumukiza. Yabwiye iyo mbaga y’abantu ati “dore, ndamusohoye, ndamubazaniye, ngo mumenye yuko ari nta cyaha mubonyeho.” Wenda yatekereje ko ubwo bari kubona ukuntu Yesu yari yababajwe urubozo, byari gutuma bamugirira imbabazi. Igihe Yesu yari ahagaze imbere y’ako gatsiko k’abantu batagiraga umutima, yambaye ikamba ry’amahwa n’umwitero w’umuhengeri, avirirana mu maso kandi bigaragara ko yababaye, Pilato yaravuze ati “uwo muntu nguyu!”

N’ubwo yari yakubiswe kandi yakomeretse cyane, ni we muntu w’ikirangirire kurusha abandi bose mu mateka ya kimuntu, mu by’ukuri akaba ari we muntu ukomeye kuruta abandi bose mu bihe byose! Ni koko, imyifatire ya Yesu yo kwiyubaha no gutuza yagaragaje ko ari umuntu ukomeye, ku buryo na Pilato ubwe agomba kuba yarabyemeye, kuko uko bigaragara amagambo yavuze yerekanaga ko yari amwubashye kandi amufitiye impuhwe. Yohana 18:39–19:5; Matayo 27:15-17, 20-30, gereranya na NW; Mariko 15:6-19; Luka 23:18-25, gereranya na NW.

▪ Ni gute Pilato yagerageje kurekura Yesu?

▪ Ni iki Pilato yakoze kugira ngo yikureho urubanza?

▪ Gukubitwa byabaga bikubiyemo iki?

▪ Ni gute Yesu yashinyaguriwe amaze gukubitwa?

▪ Ni gute Pilato yongeye gushakisha ukuntu yarekura Yesu?

Igice cya 124

Atangwa Maze Bakamujyana

IGIHE Pilato, wari washishikajwe n’imyifatire irangwa no kwiyubaha Yesu yagaragaje n’ubwo yari yababajwe urubozo, yongeraga kugerageza kumurekura, abatambyi bakuru bararakaye, ndetse cyane kurushaho. Bari biyemeje kutareka ngo hagire ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyakwitambika mu mugambi wabo mubisha. Bityo barongeye barasakuza bati “mumanike! Mumanike!”

Pilato yarabashubije ati “mube ari mwe mumujyana, mumumanike.” (Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ibyo bari bavuze mbere, Abayahudi bashoboraga guhabwa uburenganzira bwo kwica abantu babaga bashinjwa ibyaha bikomeye byerekeranye n’idini.) Hanyuma, Pilato yongeye nibura ku ncuro ya gatanu kuvuga ko Yesu ari umwere, agira ati ‘jyewe simubonyeho icyaha.’

Abayahudi bamaze kubona ko ibirego bamuregaga byerekeranye na politiki bitari byagize icyo bitanga, bagarutse ku kirego baregaga Yesu gihereranye n’iby’idini cy’uko yari yatutse Imana, icyo kirego akaba ari cyo bari bamushinje mu masaha runaka mbere y’aho, igihe yacirwaga urubanza n’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi. Baravuze bati “dufite itegeko, ku bw’iryo tegeko akwiriye gupfa, kuko yigize Umwana w’Imana.”

Icyo kirego cyari gishya kuri Pilato, kandi cyatumye arushaho kugira ubwoba. Icyo gihe yabonye ko Yesu atari umuntu usanzwe, nk’uko byari byagaragajwe n’inzozi umugore we yari yarose ndetse n’imyifatire y’ubutwari budasanzwe Yesu yari yagaragaje. Ariko se, koko yari “Umwana w’Imana”? Pilato yari azi ko Yesu yakomokaga i Galilaya. None se, ashobora kuba yarabagaho na mbere y’aho? Pilato yongeye kumusubiza mu ngoro maze aramubaza ati “wavuye he?”

Yesu yaracecetse. Mbere y’aho, yari yabwiye Pilato ko ari umwami, ariko ko Ubwami bwe butari ubw’iyi si. Ubwo rero, gutanga ibindi bisobanuro nta cyo byari kuba bimaze. Ariko kandi, bitewe n’ubwibone, Pilato yababajwe n’uko Yesu yanze kumusubiza, maze aramukankamira ati “uranyihorera? Ntuzi yuko mfite ububasha bwo kukurekura, kandi ko mfite ububasha bwo kukumanika?”

Yesu yamusubizanyije ikinyabupfura ati “ntiwagira ububasha bwo kugira icyo untwara, utabuhawe buvuye mu ijuru.” Yari arimo yerekeza ku bubasha abategetsi ba kimuntu bahabwa n’Imana kugira ngo bayobore ibintu byo ku isi. Yesu yongeyeho ati “ni cyo gituma ukungabije akurusha icyaha.” Koko rero, umutambyi mukuru Kayafa n’amashumi ye hamwe na Yuda Isikaryota bose bagize uruhare rukomeye ruruta urwo Pilato yagize mu bintu bibi Yesu yakorewe.

Yesu yatumye Pilato atangara cyane kurushaho kandi atinya ko ashobora kuba yarakomotse ku Mana, maze yongera guhatiriza ngo amurekure. Ariko kandi, Abayahudi banze kumva Pilato. Basubiyemo ikirego baregaga Yesu gihereranye na politiki, bakangisha Pilato mu mayeri bati “nurekura uyu, uraba utari incuti ya Kayisari: kuko umuntu wese wigize umwami, aba agomeye Kayisari.”

Pilato yarenze kuri ibyo bikangisho yongera gusohora Yesu. Yongera kuvuga ati “nguyu umwami wanyu.”

Na bo bati “mukureho, mukureho, umumanike!”

Pilato yababajije yihebye ati “mbese manike umwami wanyu?”

Abayahudi binubiraga ubuyobozi bw’Abaroma. Mu by’ukuri, basuzuguraga ubutegetsi bw’i Roma! Ariko kandi, abatambyi bakuru bavuze mu buryo burangwa n’uburyarya bati “nta mwami dufite keretse Kayisari.”

Kubera ko Pilato yatinyaga ko yatakaza umwanya we wa gipolitiki n’icyubahiro cye, amaherezo yaje kwemera guha Abayahudi icyo bamusabaga bamutitiriza. Yabahaye Yesu. Abasirikare bambuye Yesu wa mwenda w’umuhengeri bari bamwambitse, bamusubiza umwitero we. Igihe bajyanaga Yesu kumumanika, bamwikoreje igiti cye cy’umubabaro.

Icyo gihe, hari mu masaha y’igitondo ku wa Gatanu tariki ya 14 Nisani; wenda hakaba hari hafi mu ma saa sita. Yesu yari yahereye ku wa Kane mu museso ahagaze, ari na ko agenda akorerwa ibintu bibabaje. Birumvikana rero ko imbaraga zahise zimushiramo bitewe n’uburemere bw’icyo giti. Bityo, bahatiye umugenzi wihitiraga witwaga Simoni w’i Kurene, muri Afurika, kwikorerera Yesu icyo giti. Mu gihe bakomezaga kugenda, abantu benshi harimo n’abagore babagiye inyuma, baboroga, baririra Yesu.

Yesu yakebutse abo bagore maze arababwira ati “bakobwa b’i Yerusalemu, ntimundirire: ahubwo mwiririre n’abana banyu; kuko iminsi izaza bazavuga bati ‘hahirwa ingumba n’inda zitabyaye n’amabere atonkeje.’ . . . Mbese ubwo bagenje batya igiti kikiri kibisi, nikimara kuma, bizacura iki?”

Yesu yarimo yerekeza ku giti ari ryo shyanga ry’Abayahudi, ryari rigitohagiye ho gato kubera ko Yesu yari ahari, kandi rikaba ryari rikirimo abasigaye bamwizeraga. Ariko mu gihe abo bari kuvanwa muri iryo shyanga, hari gusigara gusa igiti gipfuye mu buryo bw’umwuka, ni koko, umuteguro wo mu rwego rw’igihugu wumye. Mbega ukuntu byari kuba biteye agahinda igihe ingabo z’Abaroma, izo Imana yari kuzakoresha mu gusohoza urubanza rwayo, zari kurimbura ishyanga ry’Abayahudi! Yohana 19:6-17, gereranya na NW; 18:31; Luka 23:24-31; Matayo 27:31, 32; Mariko 15:20, 21.

▪ Ni ikihe kirego abayobozi ba kidini bareze Yesu igihe babonaga ko ibirego byabo bihereranye na politiki bitari byagize icyo bitanga?

▪ Kuki Pilato yarushijeho kugira ubwoba?

▪ Ni bande babarwagaho icyaha gikomeye mu birebana n’ibintu byageze kuri Yesu?

▪ Ni gute amaherezo abatambyi batumye Pilato abaha Yesu ngo bamwice?

▪ Ni iki Yesu yabwiye abagore bamuririraga, kandi se, ni iki yashakaga kuvuga igihe yerekezaga ku giti mu gihe cyari kikiri “kibisi,” hanyuma kikaba cyari “kuma”?

Igice cya 125

Umubabaro Mwinshi Yagiriye ku Giti

HARI ibisambo bibiri byari biri kumwe na Yesu babijyanye kubyica. Icyo kivunge cy’abantu kitaragera kure y’umujyi, cyahagaze ahantu hitwaga i Gologota, cyangwa i Nyabihanga.

Imfungwa zavanywemo imyenda, hanyuma baziha vino y’umushari ivanze n’ishangi yatumaga ihinduka ikiyobyabwenge. Uko bigaragara, iyo vino yabaga yateguwe n’abagore b’i Yerusalemu, kandi Abaroma ntibangiraga ababaga bagiye kumanikwa kunywa kuri iyo vino y’uruvange kugira ngo batumva ububabare. Ariko kandi, Yesu amaze kumva uko imeze, yanze kuyinywa. Kubera iki? Uko bigaragara, ni ukubera ko yashatse kugumana ubushobozi bwo gutekereza muri icyo gihe cy’ikigeragezo gikomeye cyane cy’ukwizera kwe.

Ubwo noneho, baryamishije Yesu ku giti, amaboko arambuye hejuru y’umutwe. Hanyuma, abasirikare bafashe imisumari minini maze bayitera mu biganza bye no mu birenge. Yarinyagamburaga bitewe n’ububabare, mu gihe imisumari yahinguranyaga inyama z’umubiri we n’imitsi ye. Ubwo beguraga icyo giti, ububabare bwarushijeho kwiyongera, kubera ko uburemere bw’umubiri bwagendaga bushwanyura ibikomere by’aho imisumari yari iteye. Nyamara kandi, aho gukoresha iterabwoba, Yesu yasabiye abasirikare b’Abaroma agira ati “Data, ubababarire, kuko batazi icyo bakora.”

Pilato yashyize kuri icyo giti icyapa cyari cyanditsweho ngo “Yesu w’i Nazareti, Umwami w’Abayuda.” Uko bigaragara, ibyo ntiyabyandikiye gusa ko yubahaga Yesu, ahubwo yanabyandikiye ko yari yazinutswe abatambyi b’Abayahudi bari batumye acira Yesu urubanza rwo gupfa. Pilato yandikishije icyo cyapa mu ndimi eshatu kugira ngo abantu bose bashobore kugisoma—ni ukuvuga mu Giheburayo, mu Kilatini, ari rwo rurimi rwakoreshwaga mu butegetsi, no mu Kigiriki cyakoreshwaga na rubanda rusanzwe.

Abatambyi bakuru, hakubiyemo Kayafa na Ana, barumiwe. Ayo magambo yeruye ya Pilato, yatumye batagera ku migambi yabo. Ku bw’ibyo, barabirwanyije baramubwira bati “ntiwandike ngo ‘Umwami w’Abayuda,’ ahubwo wandike uti ‘yiyise umwami w’Abayuda.’” Kubera ko Pilato yari yarakajwe n’uko abatambyi bari bamugize igikoresho, yabasubizanyije agasuzuguro kenshi ati “icyo nanditse nacyanditse.”

Hanyuma, abatambyi hamwe n’imbaga y’abantu bakoraniye aho ngaho Yesu yari agiye kwicirwa, maze abatambyi bagerageza kuvuguruza amagambo yari yanditswe kuri cya cyapa. Bongeye kuzamura ibirego by’ibinyoma nk’ibyo bari bazamuye mbere y’aho igihe bari imbere y’Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi. Ntibitangaje rero kuba abagenzi banyuraga aho ngaho baratangiye gutuka Yesu, bakazunguza imitwe mu buryo bwo kumukwena, bavuga bati “wowe usenya urusengero, ukarwubaka mu minsi itatu, ikize: niba uri Umwana w’Imana, manuka uve ku . . . [“giti cy’umubabaro,” NW].”

Abatambyi bakuru n’amashumi yabo y’abanyedini bunzemo bati “yakijije abandi, ntabasha kwikiza. Ko ari umwami w’Abisirayeli, namanuke ave ku . . . [“giti cy’umubabaro,” NW] nonaha, natwe turamwemera. Yiringiye Imana, ngaho nimukize nonaha, niba imukunda: kuko yavuze ati ‘ndi Umwana w’Imana.’”

Abasirikare na bo bandujwe n’uwo mwuka maze batangira guseka Yesu. Bamuhaye vino isharira bamukwena, uko bigaragara bakaba barayikojeje ku minwa ye yari yumye. Baramushinyaguriye bati “niba uri umwami w’Abayuda ikize.” Ndetse na bya bisambo—kimwe cyari kimanitswe iburyo bwa Yesu n’ikindi ibumoso bwe—byaramukobye. Tekereza nawe! Umuntu ukomeye kuruta abandi bose mu bihe byose, ni koko, uwafatanyije na Yehova Imana kurema ibintu byose, yemeye amaramaje guteshwa agaciro bene ako kageni!

Abasirikare bafashe umwitero wa Yesu maze bawucamo ibice bine. Hanyuma, bakoresheje ubufindo kugira ngo bamenye abari kubijyana abo ari bo. Ariko kandi, ikanzu ye ntiyari ifite uruteranyirizo, kandi yari iy’agaciro gahanitse. Ku bw’ibyo, abasirikare baravuganye bati “twe kuyitanyagura: ahubwo tuyifindire, turebe uri bube nyirayo uwo ari we.” Bityo rero, basohoje amagambo yo mu Byanditswe batabizi, amagambo agira ati “bagabanye imyenda yanjye; kandi bafindira umwambaro wanjye.”

Amaherezo, umwe muri bya bisambo yaje kubona ko Yesu agomba kuba mu by’ukuri yari umwami. Ni yo mpamvu yacyashye mugenzi we agira ati “no kūbaha Imana ntuyubaha? Uri mu rubanza rumwe n’urwe. Ko twebweho duhowe ukuri, tukaba twituwe ibihwanye n’ibyo twakoze: ariko uyu nta kibi yakoze.” Hanyuma, yinginze Yesu agira ati “uzanyibuke, ubwo uzazira mu bwami bwawe.”

Yesu yaramushubije ati “uyu munsi ndakubwira ukuri yuko tuzabana muri Paradiso.” Iryo sezerano rizasohozwa igihe Yesu azaba ategeka ari Umwami mu ijuru maze akazurira uwo mugizi wa nabi wihannye kuba ku isi izaba yahindutse Paradizo, iyo abazarokoka Harimagedoni hamwe na bagenzi babo bazagira igikundiro cyo gutunganya. Matayo 27:33-44; Mariko 15:22-32; Luka 23:27, 32-43, ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji; Yohana 19:17-24.

▪ Kuki Yesu yanze kunywa vino y’umushari bari bavanze n’ishangi ikayihindura ikiyobyabwenge?

▪ Uko bigaragara, kuki bashyize icyapa ku giti Yesu yari amanitseho, kandi se, ni izihe mpaka byabyukije hagati ya Pilato n’abatambyi bakuru?

▪ Ni ibihe bintu bindi by’urukozasoni Yesu yakorewe igihe yari ari ku giti, kandi uko bigaragara, ni iki cyabiteye?

▪ Ni gute ubuhanuzi bwasohojwe mu bihereranye n’ukuntu bagenje imyenda ya Yesu?

▪ Ni irihe hinduka umwe mu bisambo yagize, kandi se, ni mu buhe buryo Yesu azamukorera icyo yamusabye?

Igice cya 126

“Ni Ukuri, Uyu Yari Umwana w’Imana”

YESU yari ataramara akanya amanitswe ku giti ubwo mu ma saa sita habagaho umwijima mu buryo bw’amayobera, umwijima wamaze amasaha atatu. Uwo mwijima ntiwari utewe n’ubwirakabiri, kubera ko bubaho gusa mu gihe cy’imboneko z’ukwezi, kandi ukwezi kukaba kwarabaga ari inzora mu gihe cya Pasika. Ikindi kandi, ubwirakabiri bumara iminota mike gusa. Bityo rero, uwo mwijima wari utewe n’Imana! Ushobora kuba waratumye abasekaga Yesu batuza, ndetse ugatuma bareka kumushinyagurira.

Niba icyo kintu giteye ubwoba cyarabayeho mbere y’uko umwe muri ba bagizi ba nabi acyaha mugenzi we kandi agasaba Yesu ko yazamwibuka, iyo ishobora kuba ari impamvu yamusunikiye kwihana. Wenda muri icyo gihe cy’umwijima ni bwo abagore bane, ari bo nyina wa Yesu hamwe na mwene nyina Salome, Mariya Magadalena na Mariya nyina w’intumwa Yakobo Muto bigiye hafi y’igiti cy’umubabaro. Yohana, intumwa Yesu yakundaga cyane, yari ari kumwe na bo aho ngaho.

Mbega ukuntu nyina wa Yesu ‘yacumiswe’ mu mutima igihe yabonaga uwo yonkeje akamukuza ari aho ngaho amanitswe, ababara cyane! Nyamara kandi, Yesu ntiyatekerezaga ku mibabaro ye bwite, ahubwo yari ahangayikishijwe n’uko nyina yamererwa neza. Akoresheje imihati ikomeye, yarebye Yohana, maze abwira nyina ati “mubyeyi, nguyu umwana wawe.” Hanyuma, yahindukije umutwe areba Mariya, maze abwira Yohana ati “nguyu nyoko.”

Muri ubwo buryo, Yesu yahaye intumwa ye yakundaga cyane inshingano yo kwita kuri nyina, icyo gihe uko bigaragara wari umupfakazi. Impamvu yatumye abigenza atyo, ni uko abandi bahungu ba Mariya bari batarizera Yesu. Bityo rero, yatanze urugero rwiza, atari gusa mu bihereranye no guteganyiriza nyina ibyo yari kuzakenera mu buryo bw’umubiri, ahubwo no mu kumuteganyiriza ibyo yari kuzakenera mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Bigeze mu ma saa cyenda, Yesu yaravuze ati “mfite inyota.” Yesu yumvaga ko Se yasaga n’aho yaretse kumurinda, kugira ngo ubudahemuka bwe bugeragezwe kugeza ku iherezo. Ni yo mpamvu yahamagaye mu ijwi riranguruye ati “Mana yanjye, Mana yanjye, ni iki kikundekesheje?” Igihe abantu bamwe bari bahagaze aho hafi babyumvaga, bariyamiriye bati “dorere, arahamagara Eliya.” Ako kanya, umwe muri bo yarirukanse maze afata sipongo yari yinitse muri vino isharira, ayishyira ku mutwe w’urubingo hanyuma aramuha ngo anywe. Ariko abandi bo baravuze bati “reka turebe yuko Eliya aza . . . [“kumumanura,” NW].”

Igihe bahaga Yesu iyo divayi isharira, yavuze mu ijwi rirenga ati “birarangiye.” Ni koko, yari arangije ibintu byose Se yari yaramutumye gukora ku isi. Hanyuma, yaravuze ati “Data, mu maboko yawe ni ho nshyize ubugingo bwanjye.” Muri ubwo buryo, Yesu yashyize imbaraga ye y’ubuzima mu maboko y’Imana yiringiye adashidikanya ko Imana yari kongera kuyimusubiza. Nyuma y’aho, yubitse umutwe nuko arapfa.

Mu gihe Yesu yavagamo umwuka, habayeho umutingito w’isi ukomeye cyane usatura ibitare. Uwo mutingito wari ufite imbaraga nyinshi, ku buryo imva z’urwibutso zari hanze y’i Yerusalemu zasadutse maze imirambo ikajya hanze. Mu gihe abagenzi babonaga iyo mirambo yanamye, bagiye mu murwa kubivuga.

Ikindi kandi, igihe Yesu yapfaga, umwenda munini watandukanyaga Ahera n’Ahera Cyane mu rusengero rw’Imana watabutsemo kabiri, uhereye hejuru kugeza hasi. Uko bigaragara, uwo mwenda w’amabara meza cyane wari ufite uburebure bwa metero 18, kandi wari uremereye cyane! Icyo gitangaza giteye ubwoba nticyari ikimenyetso cyagaragazaga gusa umujinya Imana yari ifitiye abishe Umwana Wayo, ahubwo cyanagaragazaga ko bitewe n’urupfu rwa Yesu, kujya Ahera Cyane, ni ukuvuga mu ijuru ubwaho, noneho byashobokaga.

Igihe abantu bumvaga umutingito w’isi kandi bakabona ibibaye, bahiye ubwoba. Umukuru w’ingabo wari urinze aho Yesu yiciwe yasingije Imana. Yaravuze ati “ni ukuri, uyu yari Umwana w’Imana.” Uko bigaragara, uwo mukuru w’ingabo yari ahari igihe Yesu yaburanishirizwaga imbere ya Pilato bamurega ko yiyise umwana w’Imana. Icyo gihe rero, yemeye adashidikanya ko Yesu ari Umwana w’Imana, ni koko, yamenye ko mu by’ukuri ari we muntu ukomeye kuruta abandi bose mu bihe byose.

Abandi na bo barumiwe bitewe n’ibyo bintu bitangaje byari bibaye, maze batangira gusubira mu ngo zabo bikubita mu gituza mu buryo bwo kugaragaza agahinda kenshi n’ikimwaro. Hari abagore benshi bari abigishwa ba Yesu bari bahagaze ahitaruye bitegereza ibyo bintu bitazibagirana, ku buryo byabakoze ku mutima mu buryo bwimbitse. Intumwa Yohana na yo yari ihari. Matayo 27:45-56; Mariko 15:33-41; Luka 23:44-49; 2:34, 35; Yohana 19:25-30.

▪ Kuki umwijima wamaze amasaha atatu udashobora kuba waratewe n’ubwirakabiri?

▪ Mbere gato y’uko Yesu apfa, ni uruhe rugero rwiza yahaye abantu bafite ababyeyi bageze mu za bukuru?

▪ Ni izihe nteruro enye za nyuma Yesu yavuze mbere yo gupfa?

▪ Umutingito w’isi watumye habaho iki, kandi kuba umwenda wakingirizaga mu rusengero waratabutsemo kabiri bisobanura iki?

▪ Ni izihe ngaruka ibyo bitangaza byagize ku mukuru w’ingabo wari urinze aho Yesu yiciwe?

Igice cya 127

Ahambwa ku wa Gatanu—Ku Cyumweru Bagasanga Imva Irimo Ubusa

ICYO gihe noneho byari bigeze ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa Gatanu, kandi Isabato yo ku itariki ya 15 Nisani yari gutangira izuba rirenze. Umurambo wa Yesu wanaganaga ku giti, ariko bya bisambo bibiri byari bimuri impande byo byari bikiri bizima. Igicamunsi cyo ku wa Gatanu cyitwaga Imyiteguro kubera ko ari bwo abantu bateguraga ibyokurya kandi bakarangiza indi mirimo yose yabaga yihutirwa itarashoboraga gutegereza kugeza Isabato irangiye.

Iyo Sabato yari igiye gutangira ntiyari Isabato isanzwe gusa (y’umunsi wa karindwi), ahubwo yari n’Isabato ikubiyemo ebyiri, cyangwa Isabato “nkuru.” Yitwaga ityo kubera ko itariki ya 15 Nisani, ari wo wari umunsi wa mbere w’Umunsi Mukuru w’Imigati Idasembuwe wamaraga iminsi irindwi (kandi witwaga Isabato batitaye ku munsi uwo ari wo wose waberagaho), yari yahuriranye n’Isabato isanzwe.

Mu buryo buhuje n’Amategeko y’Imana, umurambo ntiwagombaga kurara umanitswe ku giti ijoro ryose. Ni yo mpamvu Abayahudi basabye Pilato ko bavuna amaguru y’abari bamanitswe kugira ngo babahwanye. Ku bw’ibyo rero, abasirikare bavunnye bya bisambo bibiri amaguru. Ariko kubera ko Yesu yagaragaraga ko yari yamaze gupfa, amaguru ye ntibigeze bayavuna. Ibyo byasohoje amagambo yavuzwe mu Byanditswe ngo “nta gufwa rye rizavunwa.”

Ariko kandi, kugira ngo bemeze neza ko Yesu yari yapfuye koko, umwe mu basirikare yamucumise icumu mu rubavu. Iryo cumu ryarapfumuye rigera hafi y’umutima, maze hahita hava amaraso n’amazi. Intumwa Yohana yabyiboneye n’amaso yayo yavuze ko ibyo byasohoje andi magambo yavuzwe mu Byanditswe agira ati “bazabona uwo bacumise.”

Aho ngaho Yesu yiciwe nanone hari Yozefu wo mu mujyi wa Arimataya, umwe mu bari bagize Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi, abantu bakaba baramwubahaga cyane. Yanze gushyigikira ibintu by’akarengane urukiko rukuru rwakoreye Yesu. Mu by’ukuri, Yozefu yari umwigishwa wa Yesu, n’ubwo yatinyaga kubigaragaza. Ariko noneho, icyo gihe yagize ubutwari bwo kujya kwa Pilato kumusaba umurambo wa Yesu. Pilato yahamagaje umusirikare mukuru wari urinze aho ngaho, hanyuma amaze kwemeza ko Yesu yari yamaze gupfa, Pilato abona guha Yozefu umurambo.

Yozefu yafashe uwo murambo awuzingazingira mu mwenda w’ihariri mwiza kugira ngo awutegurire guhambwa. Yabifashijwemo na Nikodemu, na we wari umwe mu bari bagize Urukiko Rukuru rwa Kiyahudi. Nikodemu na we yari yarananiwe kwatura ko yizeraga Yesu, kubera ko yatinyaga gutakaza umwanya yari arimo. Ariko noneho, icyo gihe yazanye ikizingo cyarimo ishangi n’umusaga uhenze cyane byapimaga nk’ibiro 33. Bazingiye umurambo wa Yesu mu myenda yari irimo iyo mibavu, nk’uko ubusanzwe Abayahudi bateguriraga imirambo guhambwa.

Ubwo noneho, bajyanye uwo murambo bawushyira mu mva nshya ya Yozefu yari yaracukuwe mu rutare rwari mu busitani bw’aho hafi. Hanyuma, bahirikiye igitare ku munwa w’iyo mva. Bateguye umurambo vuba vuba kugira ngo barangize guhamba mbere y’uko Isabato itangira. Ku bw’ibyo, Mariya Magadalena na Mariya nyina wa Yakobo Muto, bashobora kuba barafashije mu gutegura umurambo, bihutiye kujya mu rugo gutegura indi mibavu n’amavuta bihumura. Isabato irangiye, bashatse kongera gusiga umurambo wa Yesu imibavu kugira ngo umare igihe kinini kurushaho utangiritse.