Sefate se Sebelisetsoang Lintho Tse Fapa-fapaneng
Jeremia 51:8 e re: “Nkang balsame bakeng sa bohloko.” Ha re ntse re batla mohloli o mong oa ntho ena e matla haholo e thobang le e phekolang, likelello tsa rōna li leba sehlekehlekeng sa Chios sa Leoatle la Aegean.
HA LEHLABULA le thoasa, lihoai tsa Chios li lokisetsa kotulo ka tsela e sa tloaelehang haholo. Ha li qeta ho khirila, li etsa setutsoana se bataletseng ka phepa ho pota-pota lifate tse lulang li le tala tsa mastic. Ka mor’a moo lihoai li phunya makhapetla a likutu tsa lifate, li etsa hore lifate tsena li “lutle.” Ho qala ho lutla “mamina” a thothofa a boka ba lifate. Ka mor’a libeke tse peli kapa tse tharo, boka bo lutlileng boa hoama ’me lihoai li bo bokella ka ho toba bo tloha kutung kapa moo ho litsoeng ka phepa. “Mamina” ana a bitsoang boka ba mastic, a ’nile a sebelisetsoa ho etsa balsame.
Leha ho le joalo, pele ho kotulo, ho hlokahala mamello le mosebetsi o boima. Likutu tse sothehileng, tse putsoa li lieha ho hōla. Ho nka lilemo tse 40 ho isa ho tse 50 hore sefate se hōle ka ho feletseng—ka tloaelo se ba bolelele ba limithara tse peli ho ea ho tse tharo.
Ntle ho mosebetsi oa ho phunya likutu le ho bokella “mamina,” ho hlokahala mosebetsi o eketsehileng hore ho etsoe boka ba mastic. Ha bahoebi ba se ba bokeletse “mamina” a mastic, baa a sefa, baa a hlatsoa le ho a beha ka boholo le boleng. Hamorao, mastic e hloekisoa ho ea pele ’me e ka sebelisetsoa lintho tse ngata.
Histori ea Semela sa Bohlokoa
Lentsoe la Segerike le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa “mastic” le amana le poleloana e bolelang “ho tsikitlanya meno.” Ho ka etsahala hore ebe lebitso lena le bolela hore ho tloha mehleng ea boholo-holo, boka ba mastic bo ’nile ba sebelisoa e le chepisi e hlapholang lehano.
Boitsebiso ba khale ka ho fetisisa ba mastic ke ba Herodotus, rahistori oa Mogerike oa lekholong la lilemo la bohlano B.C.E. Lingoli le lingaka tse ling tsa boholo-holo—tse akarelletsang Apollodorus, Dioscorides, Theophrastus le Hippocrates—li ile tsa bua ka tšebeliso ea mastic bongakeng. Le hoja lifate tsa mastic li mela hohle ho sika le Lebōpo la Mediterranean, ho tloha hoo e ka bang ka 50 C.E., mastic e batla e etsoa feela Chios. Ntho e khōlō e neng e thahaselloa ke ba neng ba hapa Chios, ho qala ka Baroma ho ea ho Magenoa le Maturk, e ne e le mastic.
Mastic e Etsang Lintho Tse Fapa-fapaneng
Lingaka tsa boholo-holo tsa Baegepeta li ne li sebelisa mastic ho phekola maloetse a sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa letšollo le ramatiki. Li ne li e sebelisa hape e le libano le moriana o omeletsang litopo. Mohlomong sefate sa mastic e ne e le mohloli o mong oa ‘balsame ea Gileade,’ eo Bibele e buang hantle ka eona ka lebaka la metsoako ea eona e phekolang le ho sebelisoa ha eona litlolong le ho thibeleng ho bola. (Jeremia 8:22; 46:11) Ho ’nile ha boleloa hore sefate se ntšang stakte, e leng o mong oa metsoako ea libano tse halalelang tse monko o monate tse neng li sebelisoa tšebeletsong e halalelang feela, e ka ’na ea e-ba mofuta o mong oa lifate tsa mastic.—Exoda 30:34, 35.
Kajeno, mastic e fumanoa penteng e sireletsang litšoantšo tse pentoang ka oli, thepeng ea ka tlung le liletseng. E sebelisoa linthong tse thibelang mocheso le melumo le tseo metsi a ke keng a phunyeletsa ho tsona, ’me ho nkoa hore e loisa mebala hantle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa lidae tsa masela le lipente tsa bataki ba litšoantšo tsa bonono. Mastic e ’nile ea sebelisoa le likhomaretsing le ho suheng matlalo. Kaha mastic e nkha hamonate ebile e na le metsoako e meng, e sebelisoa lisepeng, litlolong le linonetsong.
Mastic e hlalositsoe mathathamong a molao a 25 a meriana lefatšeng ka bophara. E sa ntsane e sebelisoa hangata merianeng ea setso ea Maarabia. Mastic e kenngoa le lisamenteng tsa meno ’me e tlotsoa ka hare liphutheloaneng tse tobotobo tsa lipilisi.
Kaha “mamina” ana a etsang lintho tse fapa-fapaneng a sefate se “lutlang” sa mastic ke mohloli oa balsame, a ’nile a thoba le ho phekola ka makholo a lilemo. Kahoo, hoa utloahala hore ebe boprofeta ba Jeremia bo re: “Nkang balsame bakeng sa bohloko.”
[Litšoantšo tse leqepheng la 31]
Chios
Ho kotuloa “mastic”
“Mamina” a “mastic” a bokelloa ka hloko
[Litlhaloso Tsa Moo Litšoantšo li Nkiloeng Teng]
Chios and harvest line art: Courtesy of Korais Library; all others: Kostas Stamoulis