Mebuso e Hlasela Naha e Tšepisitsoeng
SAMARIA, eo e neng e le motse-moholo oa ‘muso oa Iseraele o ka leboea, e ile ea hapuoa ke Baassyria ka 740 B.C.E. Ka lebaka leo, Baiseraele ba e-ba tlas’a ‘muso o khopo. Assyria e ne e le karolong e ka leboea ea lithota tsa Mesopotamia, haufi le Tigris, e leng e ‘ngoe ea linōka tse khōlō tsa Seoli se Nonneng. Nimrode o ne a thehile metse e meholo ea Assyria, e leng Ninive le Kala. (Ge 10:8-12) Mehleng ea Shalmanesere III, Assyria e ile ea atolohela ka bophirimela, ea kenella naheng e mongobo le e behang ea Syria le Iseraele e ka leboea.
Tlas’a puso ea Morena Tiglathe-pilesere III (Pule), ea boletsoeng ka lebitso ka Bibeleng, Assyria e ile ea qala ho hatella Baiseraele. Phutuho ea hae ea sesole ea boela ea ama Bajuda ka boroa. (2Ma 15:19; 16: 5-18) Ha nako e ntse e feta, “metsi” a likhohola a Assyria a ile a fetela Juda, ’me qetellong a fihla motse-moholo oa eona, Jerusalema.—Esa 8:5-8.
Morena Sankeribe oa Assyria o ile a hlasela Juda ka 732 B.C.E. (2Ma 18:13, 14) A hapa metse ea Judea e 46, ho akarelletsa Lakishe, e lutseng botleng Shefela. Joalokaha ’mapa o bontša, sena se bolela hore mabotho a hae a ne a le ka mor’a Jerusalema, ka tsela eo a pota-potile motse-moholo Juda. Litlalehong tsa Sankeribe tsa histori, o ne a ithorisa ka hore o koaletse Ezekiase “joaloka nonyana e koaletsoeng ka har’a ntloana,” empa litlaleho tsa Assyria li qoba ho bua ka ho timetsoa ha masole a Sankeribe ke lengeloi la Molimo.—2Ma 18:17-36; 19:35-37.
’Muso oa Assyria o ne o le haufi le ho timetsoa. Bamede, ba neng ba hlomme liahelo lesabasabeng le lithaba leo kajeno le tsejoang e le Iran, ba qala ho loantša masole a Assyria a setseng. Sena sa etsa hore Assyria e hlokomolohe liprofinse tsa eona tse ka bophirimela, tseo le tsona li ileng tsa e fetohela. Ho sa le joalo, Bababylona ba ne ba ntse ba e-ba matla haholoanyane, ba ba ba hapa motse oa Asshure. Ka 632 B.C.E., Ninive—”motse oa tšollo ea mali”—o ile oa timetsoa ke mabotho a ikopantseng a Bababylona, Bamede le Baskitha, e leng batho ba ratang ntoa ba tsoang ka leboea ho Leoatle le Letšo. Sena se ile sa phethahatsa boprofeta ba Nahume le Sofonia.—Na 3:1; Sof 2:13.
Baassyria ba ile ba hlōloa ka ho feletseng Harane. Ha ba hlaseloa ke lebotho le ikemiselitseng la Babylona, Baassyria ba ile ba leka ho ikemela ho fihlela ba ka thusoa ke Egepeta. Empa ha Faro Neko a e-ea leboea o ile a thibelloa Megido ke Morena Josiase oa Judea. (2Ma 23:29) Qetellong ha Neko a fihla Harane, metsotso e ne e se e jele babeli—’Muso oa Assyria o ne o se o oele.
’Muso oa Babylona
U hopola motse ofe ha ho buuoa ka “lirapa tse mothipoloheng”? Babylona, e leng motse-moholo oa ‘muso oa lefatše oa Babylonia eo hape boprofeta bo e tšoantšang le tau e mapheo. (Dan 7:4) Motse ona o ne o tumme ka leruo la oona, khoebo le tsoelo-pele ea bolumeli le bonohe ba linaleli. Motse-moholo oa ‘muso ona o ne o le lithoteng tse mokhoabo tsa Mesopotamia e ka boroa, lipakeng tsa nōka ea Tigris le ea Eufrate. Motse ona o ne o le ka mahlakoreng a mabeli a Eufrate, ’me ho ne ho bonahala ho le thata ho kena marakong a oona.
Bababylona ba ile ba haha litsela tsa khoebo ho pholletsa le lehoatata le majoe la Arabia e ka leboea. Ka nako e ‘ngoe Morena Nabonidase a lula Tema, a tlohela Belshatsare hore a buse Babylona.
Babylona e ile ea hlasela Kanana ka makhetlo a mararo. Ka mor’a hore Nebukadnezare a hlōle Baegepeta Karkemishe ka 625 B.C.E., Bababylona ba leba boroa Hamathe, moo ba ileng ba boela ba hlōla Baegepeta ba balehang. Eaba Bababylona ba theosa le lebōpo ho ea phuleng ea molapo o phoroselang ea Egepeta, ba ripitla Ashkelone ha ba feta. (2Ma 24:7; Jer 47:5-7) Phutuhong ena, Juda ea oela tlas’a taolo ea Babylona.—2Ma 24:1.
Morena Jojakime oa Juda e ile ea e-ba lerabele ka 618 B.C.E. Eaba Babylona e romela mabotho a linaha tse haufi hore li hlasele Juda, ’me mabotho a Babylona a thibella Jerusalema le ho e hapa. Kapele ka mor’a moo, ka ho etsa selekane le Egepeta, Morena Tsedekia a etsa hore Bababylona ba halefele Juda haholo. Ba ile ba hlasela hape ’me ba qala ho ripitla metse ea Juda. (Jer 34:7) Qetellong, Nebukadnezare a lebisa tlhokomelo ea mabotho a hae a ntoa Jerusalema, ’me a e hapa ka 607 B.C.E.—2Likr 36:17-21; Jer 39:10.
[Lebokose le leqepheng la 23]
LIBUKA TSA BIBELE TSE NGOTSOENG HO TLOHA KA NAKO ENA:
Hosea
Esaia
Mikea
Liproverbia (karolo e itseng)
Sofonia
Nahume
Habakuke
Lillo Tsa Jeremia
Obadia
Ezekiele
1 le 2 Marena
Jeremia
[’Mapa o leqepheng la 23]
(Sheba boitsebiso bo hlophisitsoeng hantle khatisong)
’Muso oa Babylona/Assyria
’Muso oa Assyria
B4 Memfise (Nofe)
B4 Zooane
B5 EGEPETA
C2 CYPRASE (KITIME)
C3 Sidone
C3 Tyre
C3 Megido
C3 Samaria
C4 Jerusalema
C4 Ashkelone
C4 Lakishe
D2 Harane
D2 Karkemishe
D2 Arpade
D2 Hamathe
D3 Ribla
D3 SYRIA
D3 Damaseka
E2 Gozane
E2 MESOPOTAMIA
F2 MINI
F2 ASSYRIA
F2 Khorsabad
F2 Ninive
F2 Kala
F2 Asshure (Assure)
F3 BABYLONIA
F3 Babylona
F4 KALDE
F4 Ereke
F4 Ure
G3 Shushane
G4 ELAME
’Muso oa Babylona
C3 Sidone
C3 Tyre
C3 Megido
C3 Samaria
C4 Jerusalema
C4 Ashkelone
C4 Lakishe
D2 Harane
D2 Karkemishe
D2 Arpade
D2 Hamathe
D3 Ribla
D3 SYRIA
D3 Damaseka
D5 Tema
E2 Gozane
E2 MESOPOTAMIA
E4 ARABIA
F2 MINI
F2 ASSYRIA
F2 Khorsabad
F2 Ninive
F2 Kala
F2 Asshure (Assure)
F3 BABYLONIA
F3 Babylona
F4 KALDE
F4 Ereke
F4 Ure
G3 Shushane
G4 ELAME
[Libaka tse ling]
G2 MEDIA
Litsela Tse Khōlō (Sheba sengoliloeng)
[Moo ho Nang le Metsi]
B3 Leoatle la Mediterranean (Leoatle le Leholo)
C5 Leoatle le Lefubelu
H1 Leoatle la Caspian
H5 Kou ea Persia
[Linōka]
B5 Nile
E2 Eufrate
F3 Tigris
[Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 22]
Leralla la Lakishe
[Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 22]
Setšoantšo sa Megido ea boholo-holo
[Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 23]
Setšoantšo sa lirapa tse mothipoloheng tsa Babylona