Onde Mɛtɛ Bible Mbetshaka Losato L’osanto?
OTONDONGA Losato l’Osanto lekɔ mɛtɛ, tshike lɔ lotɛnyama hwe lo Bible k’otondo. Lande na? Nɛ dia, oko waketawɔ apɔstɔlɔ, Bible ekɔ dibuku diayashola Nzambi ndamɛ le anto. Ndo, lam’ele tekɔ l’ohomba wa mbeya Nzambi dia mbɔ̂tɛmɔla lo yoho yalangande, Bible pombaka totɛ akɔna ende hwe.
Ambetawudi wa l’eleko ka ntondo waketawɔ Afundelo oko woshwelo wa mɛtɛ w’oma le Nzambi. Ɔsɔ mbaki etshina ka mbetawɔ kawɔ, ndo lowandji la lâdiko. Oko ɛnyɛlɔ, lam’akasambishaka ɔpɔstɔlɔ Paulo anto l’osomba wa Bɛrɔya, “vo waketawo diui l’uhetu: [wakasɛdingolaka Afundelo lushi la lushi dia mɛna, NW], kana akambu ane mete kewo.”—Etsha 17:10, 11.
Anto wa Nzambi wa lokumu waki lo nshi shɔ akawɔsaka oko owandji le wɔ na? Etsha 17:2, 3 (NW) ekɔ lo totɛ ɔnɛ: “Oko aki mbekelo ka Paulo . . . nde akakane la wɔ yimba oma l’Afundelo, alembetshiya ndo ɛnya hwe [oma lo Afundelo].”
Yeso ndamɛ akasha ɛnyɛlɔ lam’akandakambaka l’Afundelo oko etshina ka wetshelo ande, ata tena tshɛ ate: “Akafundama ati.” “[Nde] akâmanya akambu andi fundu lu afundelu tshe.”—Mateu 4:4, 7; Luka 24:27.
Ɔnkɔnɛ Yeso, Paulo, la ambetawudi wa l’eleko ka ntondo wakɔsaka Afundelo oko etshina ka wetshelo awɔ. Vɔ wakeyaka vate “Afundelo tshɛ wakasambiyama oma le Nzambi ndo wekɔ ohomba dia mbetsha, mingola, nɔngɔsɔla akambo, dia mpokola lo losembwe, dia onto a Nzambi ndowana, ndo akoke dia ntsha olimu tshɛ w’ɔlɔlɔ.”—2 Timɔtɛ 3:16, 17, NW; enda nto 1 Koreto 4:6; 1 Tesalonika 2:13; 2 Petero 1:20, 21.
Nɛ dia Bible kokaka ‘nɔngɔsɔla akambo,’ tɔ pombaka tewoya dikambo dia Losato l’Osanto hwe, lata wanɛ walisukɛ ɔnɛ lɔ mbele wetshelo w’etshina. Ko onde wa teolojiɛ la afundji w’ɛkɔndɔ vâmɛ mbutaka ɔnɛ lɔ lekɔ mɛtɛ wetshelo w’oma lo Bible?
Onde “Losato l’Osanto” Tanemaka lo Bible?
DIBUKU dimɔtshi di’Ase Asɔnyi mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Tshɛkɛta Losato l’Osanto hatanema lo Bible . . . Yɔ yakayɔtɔka lo vɔkabilɛrɛ ya teoloji paka l’eleko ka nɛi.” (Dictionnaire biblique illustré, angl.) Ndo Nouvelle Encyclopédie catholique (angl.) w’Aseka Mupɛ mbutaka ɔnɛ Losato l’Osanto “hɔsama . . . mbala kakɔ ɔtɔi ndo esadi eto oko dui dia Nzambi.”
Encyclopédie catholique (angl.) mbutaka nto lo dikambo diakɔ ɔnɛ: “Polo ndo kakianɛ watatane ndoko tshɛkɛta ya lânde lo Afundelo yasanganya Etondo akɔ Esato wa Lonzambi. Tshɛkɛta τρίας [trias] (yokadimɔmi lo Latin ɔnɛ trinitas) yakatanema mbala ka ntondo le Théophile d’Antioche oya l’ɔnɔnyi 180 l’ɔkɔngɔ a Yeso. . . . Yema l’ɔkɔngɔ, yɔ yakayotombaka lo Latin trinitas lo mikanda waki Tertullien.”
Koko, dikambo sɔ hɛnya ɔnɛ Tertullien aketsha Losato l’Osanto. Oko ɛnyɛlɔ, okanda ɔmɔtshi w’Aseka Mupɛ Trinitas: Encyclopédie théologique de la Sainte Trinité (angl.), mɛnyaka ɔnɛ tɔtɛkɛta tɔmɔtshi taki Tertullien takayɔsamaka le afundji akina dia nembetshiya Losato l’Osanto. Koko, okanda akɔ têwolaka ɔnɛ: “Hatonga dimɛna naka sho kitɛ lo mbuta esadi eto l’ɔkɔkɔ wakandɔsɛ ɛtɛkɛta akɔ, nɛ dia nde hakambe l’ɛtɛkɛta ɛsɔ lo teoloji ka Losato l’Osanto.”
Tolembetelo ta l’Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru
LAM’ELE tshɛkɛta “Losato l’Osanto” hatanema lo Bible, onde kokaka mbuta kânga ɔnɛ kanyi ya Losato l’Osanto yakalakanyema hwe lɔkɔ? Oko ɛnyɛlɔ, Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru (“Daka di’Edjedja”) atawɔ?
L’Encyclopédie des religions (angl.) mbetawɔka ɔnɛ: “Wa teolojiɛ ya nshi nyɛ wambetawɔ ɔnɛ wetshelo wa Losato l’Osanto komonga lo Bible ka Hɛbɛru.” Ndo Nouvelle Encyclopédie catholique nto mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Wetshelo wa Losato l’Osanto kondakanyema lo D[aka] di’E[djedja].”
Woho akɔ wâmɛ mbetawɔ Edmund Fortman, Oseka Jésuite, lo dibuku diande Le Dieu trin (angl.) ate: “Daka di’Edjedja . . . hatotɛ ndoko dui, oyadi lohonula kana l’edimidimi, lo dikambo dia Nzambi ka Losato kele Papa, Ɔna ndo Spirito k’Osanto. . . . Ndoko djembetelo yɛnya ɔnɛ ofundji ɔmɔtshi w’ekila aki kânga la lokanyi l’ɔnɛ [Losato l’Osanto] lekɔ lo Lonzambi. . . . Oyadi kânga wɛ mɛna lo [“Daka di’Edjedja”] tokanyi kana ‘tolembetelo toshami’ tɛnya di’oko losato lekɔ, kete wɛ tamba ɛtɛkɛta la tokanyi t’afundji w’ekila.”—Sho mbɛnganyisha alɛta ango.
Ɔsɛdingwelo w’Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru shikikɛka tokanyi tɔsɔ. Ɔnkɔnɛ, ndoko dihole diakalakanyema Losato l’Osanto hwe l’abuku 39 wa ntondo wa lo Bible, Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru wetawɔma mɛtɛ ɔnɛ wakasambiyama oma le Nzambi.
Tolembetelo ta l’Afundelo wa lo Grɛkɛ
KO AFUNDELO wa lo Grɛkɛ w’Akristo (“Daka di’Oyoyo”), onde vɔ nembetshiyaka Losato l’Osanto hwe?
L’Encyclopédie des religions mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Wa teolojiɛ tshɛ mbetawɔka ɔnɛ ndo Daka di’Oyoyo bu kânga la wetshelo ɔtɔi wa Losato l’Osanto.”
Fortman, Jésuite ekɔ lo mbuta ate: “Afundji wa Daka di’Oyoyo . . . kokamba ndoko la wetshelo wa Losato l’Osanto wetawɔma, ndo hawotosha ndoko wetshelo wa lohonula w’ɔnɛ lo Nzambi ɔtɔi etondo esato wa lonzambi mbekɔ wɛdimi. . . . Ndoko dihole diatanaso kanyi ya losato l’etondo esato wotshikitanyi wele wa nzambi yele la lɔsɛnɔ ndo yosanganyi lo Nzambi ɔtɔi.”
Enda kɛnɛ kokokiso mbala lo Nouvelle Encyclopédie britannique: “Oyadi kânga tshɛkɛta Losato l’Osanto kana kitshimudi ya wetshelo akɔ, ndoko katanema lo Daka di’Oyoyo.”
Bernhard Lohse ekɔ lo mbuta lo dibuku Une brève histoire de la doctrine chrétienne (angl.) ate: “Lo kɛnɛ k’endana la Daka di’Oyoyo, hatotane ndoko wetshelo w’oshika wa Losato l’Osanto.”
Dibuku Nouveau Dictionnaire international de théologie du Nouveau Testament (angl.) mbutaka ɔsɔku akɔ ɔnɛ: “Wetshelo wɔlɔngɔswami wa Losato l’Osanto kema lo D[aka] di’O[yoyo]. [Karl Barth, toelojiɛ k’Ose Asɔnyi] ate: ‘Lo Bible, hatotane ɛtɛkɛta w’ɔnɛ Papa, Ɔna la Spirito k’Osanto hawotshikitanyi.’”
E. Washburn Hopkins, pɔlɔfɛsɛrɛ lo Univɛlɛsite Yale akate ate: “Ekɔ oko Yeso la Paulo kombeya wetshelo wa Losato l’Osanto; . . . vɔ kombuta ndoko dui di’endana la wetshelo akɔ.”—Origine et évolution des religions (angl.).
Arthur Weigall, ofundji w’ɛkɔndɔ, akafunde ate: “Ndoko lushi lakate Yeso Kristo dikambo dia ngasɔ, ndo ndoko dihole diatanema tshɛkɛta ‘Losato l’Osanto’ lo Daka di’Oyoyo. Lokanyi lakɔ lakayetawɔma lo Ɛkɛlɛsiya ɛnɔnyi nkama shato l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi ka Nkumɛso.”—Survivances païennes dans le monde chrétien.
Ɔnkɔnɛ, oyadi abuku 39 wa l’Afundelo wa lo Hɛbɛru kana abuku 27 wa l’Afundelo wa lo Grɛkɛ w’Akristo wetawɔma ɔnɛ wakasambiyama oma le Nzambi, ndoko wanɛ wetsha Losato l’Osanto.
Onde Akristo wa Ntondo Wakalietsha?
ONDE Akristo wa ntondo waketsha Losato l’Osanto? Tênde kɛnɛ kata afundji w’ɛkɔndɔ la wa teolojiɛ lo dikambo sɔ:
“Lokristo la ntondo konembetshiya wetshelo ɔmɔtshi wa Losato l’Osanto wele oko wɔnɛ wakayɔtshiyama lo dietawɔ l’ɔkɔngɔ.”—Nouveau Dictionnaire international de théologie du Nouveau Testament (angl.).
“Koko, Akristo wa ntondo kombidja lokanyi la [Losato l’Osanto] lo mbetawɔ kawɔ hita. Vɔ wakatɛmɔlaka Nzambi Papa la Yeso Kristo, Ɔna Nzambi ndo wakeyaka . . . Nyuma k’Ekila; koko vɔ komonga la kanyi ya mbâkonya vɔ akɔ asato lo Losato l’Osanto, wɛdimi popo ndo wosanganyi ɛngɔ Ɔtɔi.”—Survivances païennes dans le monde chrétien.
“Ntondotondo, mbetawɔ k’Okristo komonga lo Losato l’Osanto . . . Komonga ɔsɔku lo nshi y’apɔstɔlɔ ndo l’ɔkɔngɔ awɔ, oko wɛnyamidiɔ lo D[aka] di’O[yoyo] ndo l’ekanda ekina w’Akristo wa ntondo.”—Encyclopédie de la religion et de l’éthique (angl.).
“Wotelo w’ɔnɛ ‘lo Nzambi ɔtɔi Etondo esato mbekɔ’ koshikikɛma, ndo kɔmbɔtshiyama mɛtɛ la tshondo lo lɔsɛnɔ l’Akristo ndo l’osuyelo wa mbetawɔ kawɔ, la ntondo ka eleko ka nɛi. . . . Ndoko ɛngɔ kakatanema le wa Mɔpɛlɛ w’Ɛkɛlɛsiya wa ntondo kasha kânga kanyi tshitshɛ lo dikambo sɔ.”—Nouvelle Encyclopédie catholique.
Kɛnɛ Kakalakanya wa Mɔpɛlɛ Anténicéens
WA MƆPƐLƐ anténicéens (kana waki la ntondo ka losanganya la la Nicée) wekɔ ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ wa weke ndo waketshaka l’eleko ka ntondo l’ɔkɔngɔ wa eotwelo ka Kristo. Kɛnɛ kakawetshaka kekɔ ohomba.
Justin Martyr, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 165 T.D., aketawɔ ɔnɛ la ntondo ka Yeso ndja lanɛ la nkɛtɛ, nde aki ondjelo, akatongama, ndo “akatshikitana la Nzambi ɔnɛ lakatonge diangɔ tshɛ.” Nde akate ate Yeso aki l’ɛse ka Nzambi ndo “ndoko lushi lakandasale ema kana tɛkɛta kɛnɛ kakikombotɛ Otungi . . . dia nde sala kana mbuta.”
Irénée, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 200 T.D., akate ate la ntondo ka Yeso ndja lanɛ la nkɛtɛ, nde aki la lɔsɛnɔ lotshikitanyi la Nzambi ndo aki l’ɛse ka nde. Nde akɛnya ɔnɛ Yeso hɛdimi la “Nzambi Kâmɛ ka mɛtɛ,” ɔnɛ “lâheme tshɛ, ndo ndoko okina lele suke la nde.”
Clément, Ose Alexandrie, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 215 T.D., akate dia Nzambi ate “nde kotongama ndo havɔki ndo ekɔ tshɔi yakɔ ya Nzambi ka mɛtɛ.” Nde akate ate Ɔna “mbahɔna la Papa kanga-nkudu-tshɛ” koko hɛdimi la nde.
Tertullien, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 230 T.D., aketsha anto lowandji la lâdiko laki Nzambi. Nde akate ate: “Papa tshikitana la Ɔna (onto okina), lo woho wôlekinde woke; oko otshikitanyi ɔnɛ lôta la ɔnɛ lotawɔ; ɔnɛ latoma tshikitana la ɔnɛ lotomami.” Nde akate nto ate: “Etena kakikɔ kaki Ɔna komonga. . . . La ntondo ka diangɔ tshɛ, Nzambi aki ndamɛ oto.”
Hippolyte, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 235 T.D., akate ate Nzambi ekɔ “Nzambi ɔtɔi, ka ntondo ndo Tshɔi yakɔ, Otungi ndo Nkumi ka tshɛ,” ɔnɛ “lahɛdimi ndoko l’ɛngɔ ɔtɔi [l’ɛnɔnyi] . . . Koko nde aki Ɔtɔi, ndamɛ oto; ɔnɛ lakatonge kɛnɛ kaki komonga ntondo oma lo lolango lande,” oko Yeso, ɔnɛ lakatongama la ntondo ka ndja la nkɛtɛ.
Origène, lakavu oya l’ɔnɔnyi 250 T.D., akate ate “Papa la Ɔna wekɔ anto ahende wotshikitanyi . . . diangɔ dihende lo kɛnɛ k’endana la eongelo kawɔ,” ndo ɔnɛ “naka sho mbɛ̂dika la Papa, nde [Ɔna] ekɔ shaseshase ya tshitshɛ.”
Lam’akandataka tolembetelo tshɛ ta l’ɔkɔndɔ w’anto lo hiembola, Alvan Lamson mbutaka lo dibuku L’Eglise des trois premiers siècles (angl.) ate: “Losato l’Osanto, wetshelo wambekɔnɛ nshi nyɛ . . . haye oma l’ɛtɛkɛta waki Justin [Martyr], kânga oma le wa Mɔpɛlɛ anténicéens; mbuta ate, oma le afundji tshɛ w’Akristo wa lo deko sato dia l’ɔkɔngɔ w’eotwelo ka Kristo. Ekɔ mɛtɛ dia wakatɛkɛta dikambo dia Papa, Ɔna, ndo . . . Spirito k’Osanto, koko aha ɔnɛ vɔ mbɛdima, kana ɔnɛ wekɔ la eongelo kâmɛ, kana wekɔ Etondo Esato l’etei k’Ɔtɔi, kana lo yoho mɔtshi yetawɔ ambetawudi wa Losato l’Osanto. Kɛnɛ kotshikitanyi la kɛsɔ mbele mɛtɛ.”
Ɔnkɔnɛ, kɛnɛ kata Bible la ɛkɔndɔ w’anto mɛnyaka hwe ɔnɛ Losato l’Osanto kombeyama l’eleko kakafundamaka Bible ndo deko efula l’ɔkɔngɔ wa tɔ fundama.
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“Ndoko djembetelo yɛnya ɔnɛ ofundji ɔmɔtshi w’ekila aki kânga la kanyi y’ɔnɛ [Losato l’Osanto] lekɔ l’atei a Lonzambi.”
—Le Dieu trin