Ke Eng Fa Afrika E Boga Thata Jaana?
JACOB, ke monna yo o lwalang, yo o dingwaga tse 42. O tshwerwe ke AIDS. O ne gape a tshwaetsa mosadi wa gagwe ka AIDS. “Mosadi wa me wa itse gore ke nna ke mo e tshetseng,” Jacob o dumalana jalo.
Lefa go le jalo go tlile jang gore Jacob a tshwaediwe ke mogare ono o o bolayang? O tlhalosa jaana: “Ke ne ke nna ke le mongwe mo Harare, ke kgweetsa go tloga Zambia, ke kgabaganya ka Zimbabwe, go fologela kwa Botswana le Swaziland. Mosadi wa me o ne a nna le bana ba rona kwa Manicaland [kwa Zimbabwe]. Mme jaaka bakgweetsi, re ne re dira dilo dingwe tse re neng re tshwanetse go bo re ile ra nna kelotlhoko thata ka tsone.”
Sebetso Sa boitsholo Jo Bo Repileng
Gompieno, boitsholo jo bo repileng jwa tlhakanelo dikobo ke jone selo se segolo seo se anamisang AIDS mo Afrika. Fa re bua ka tsela e e bonolo fela, “melao ka ga tlhakanelodikobo e itlhokomolositswe go ya selekanong se segolo thata,” go tlhalosa jalo modiradipatlisiso ka AIDS Dawn Mokhobo. Lekwalodikgang la African Affairs le bolela gore “karolo e e welang kafa tlase ga Sahara ya Afrika e beile tlhokomelo e kgolo thata mo go nneng le bana mme e sa tsee lenyalo le le botlhokwa go le kalo. Tlhakanelodikobo kwantle ga dikamano tsa lenyalo, le e leng . . . lefa e ka gogela kwa go imeng, ga se selo se se tsewang se le maswe go le kalo.” Go ya ka Nature, tshwaetsego e simolola ka motho yo e leng seaka. Pego e bolela gore: “Diaka tsa basadi di jala leroborobo leno la bolwetsi mo basading bao ba nang le monna a le mongwe fela ka go tlhakanela dikobo le banna ba ba senang boitshwaro ba basadi bano.”
Ga se ba bantsi bao ba ikaeletseng go fetola maitsholo ano a bone. Panos Document eo e leng malebana le AIDS mo Afrika e re bolelela maitemogelo ano a modiradipatlisiso mo go tsa kalafi kwa Zaire: “Bosigo bongwe, morago ga go dira diteko tsa madi mo motseselegaeng mongwe ke na le badirimmogo le nna mo go tsa kalafi ba Zaire, ba ne ba itsalanya ka maitlhomo a go ratana le basetsana bangwe ba lefelo leo. Ba ne ba robala le bone, mme ke a le mongwe fela mo go bone yo o neng a dirisa khondomo.” Ga a ne a ba botsa ka kgonagalo ya gore ba ka tshwarwa ke bolwetsi jono, “ba ne ba tshega, bare ba ka seka ba itima monate fela ka gonne ba tshaba gore ba tla tshwarwa ke bolwetsi.” Ee, ba le bantsi ba leba go tlhakanela dikobo le mongwe le mongwe e le go “ipelela botshelo”—e le go ijesa monate, le go itlosa bodutu.
Jaaka fa go ntse mo dikarolong tse dintsi tsa lefatshe, basha ke bone bao segolobogolo ba sekametseng mo go tsheleng botshelo jo bo repileng. Patlisiso nngwe ya bosheng e e neng e dirwa gareng ga basha ba le 377 mo Afrika Borwa e bontshitse gore 75 lekgolong ya bone e setse e tlhakanetse dikobo. Ka mo go tshwanang, morongwa mongwe kwa borwa bogare jwa Afrika o lemogile gore go na le palo e e potlana fela ya “basetsana ba ba dingwaga tse 15 bao ba iseng ba nne mo mmeleng.” O oketsa jaana: “O bona mosetsana yo mmotlana, yo o iseng a nyalwe, mme o bo o setse o ipolelela gore, ‘Mo ngwageng e e tlang ka yone nako eno, o tla bo a le mo mmeleng.’”
Lefa go le jalo, malebana le Afrika, go na le mabaka a mangwe gape a a okeditseng lebelo la go amana ga AIDS.
Malapa A A Kgaoganeng
“Fa fela dipalo tse dikgolo tsa banna bao ba leng mo dingwageng tsa bo masome a mabedi le masome a mararo ba santse ba patelesega go ya go dira kgakala le moo basadi ba bona le malapa a bone a nnang gona—e ka tswa e le mo madirelong a metsemegolo, kwa meepong, kwa dipolantasing kgotsa mo go kgweetseng dilori tse dikgolo tseo di tsayang maeto a maleele—go anama ga Aids go tla tswelela pele go sa ngotlege,” go rialo lokwalodikgang lwa Africa South. Bafaladi ba Afrika ba tshela botshelo jo bo boima tota. Ba kgaogane le basadi ba bone le malapa a bone, ba le bantsi ba kgaratlhela go bona bonno le tiro mo ditoropong. Go ya ka lokwalodikgang lwa African Affairs, kgatelelo ya maikutlo ya go leka go itlamela le go tlamela lelapa kwa gae e dira mofaladi yono gore a iphitlhele a “tlaletswe le go nna le maikutlo a go sa kgotsafaleng.” Lekwalodikgang leno lo oketsa ka gore seno gantsi se tlhotlheletsa mofaladi yono gore a “itlhokomolose maikarabelo a gagwe gotlhelele.”
Mesepele ya dilori tse dikgolo ke yone eo segolobogolo e ileng ya tshwaiwa gore ke mesele e e bolayang eo AIDS e anamang thata ka yone. Jaaka fa mokgweetsi mongwe wa dilori tseno a bolela, “Ke tshwanetse ka tlhomamisega gore gongwe le gongwe koo ke yang gona, ke na le kgarebe nngwe fa thoko ga me go ntlhokomela.” Lefelo lengwe leo kwa go lona AIDS e jalwang gone ke kwa matlong mangwe a bonno ao a leng kwa toropong nngwe e e tlhakatlhakaneng ya Afrika Botlhaba koo diaka di le 600 di kopanelang mo tirong eno ya tsone gone. Bontsi jwa bao diaka tseno di thekisang mo go bone ke bakgweetsi ba dilori tse dikgolo bao ba tla tsenang fa go bona go ya go dira seo ba se bitsang boikhutso jwa mogodungwana. Selekanyo sa tshwaetsego ya HIV gareng ga diaka tseno go fitlhetswe gore e ka nna diperesente tse 80. Kgabagare, bakgweetsi bano bao ba tshwaetsegeng ba dilori tse dikgolo ba tla tsamaya jalo go fitlha ba fitlha gape fa “boikhutsong jwa mogodungwana” jo bongwe mme kwa bofelong ba boele kwa malapeng a bone—ba ntse ba tla ba anamisa megare eno e e bolayang eo ba e rweleng.
Se sengwe gape ke dintwa tsa selegae le ntwa ya sepolotiki—maemo ao a tlhotlheletsang gore go nne le dimilione tsa batshabi. “Koo go nang le dintwa tsa sepolotiki le tsa selegae gone,” go tlhalosa jalo mankge wa AIDS ebong Alan Whiteside, “maemo a a tlwaelegileng a boitshwaro mo loagong a a koafala. . . . Batshabi bao ba ka tshabang go tloga lefelong le lengwe go ya kwa go le lengwe ke bone bao ba ka anamisang bolwetsi jono jo bo tshwaetsanwang mo bathong ba bangwe ba bantsi mme ebile le bone go ka nna ga diragala gore ba nne le batho ba bantsi bao ba tlhakanelang dikobo nabo.”
Matlhotlhapelo mo go Tsa Kalafi
Afrika e e nang le tlhaelo ya matlole ga e kgone go emelelana le mathata a yone a tsa kalafi. “Mo dinageng di le dintsi tsa Afrika boleng jwa madi ao a lekanyeditsweng go tlhokomela ditlhokafalo tsa kalafi tsa motho a le mongwe fela ka ngwaga e kwa tlase thata fa e bapisiwa le ditshenyegelo tsa teko e le nngwe fela ya madi go tlhatlhoba kgonagalo ya gore a motho yono a ka tswa a na le mogare wa AIDS,” go tlhalosa jalo boroutšhara ya Understanding & Preventing AIDS. Ka tsela e e tshwanang, Keith Edelston, mokwadi wa buka ya AIDS—Countdown to Doomsday, o tlhalosa gore “le eleng molora wa go bolaya megare mo didirisiweng, kana dilo tse di tlwaelegileng fela tsa go tlhatswa melemo e e tshologileng, go le gantsi ga di nne teng.”
Mo dinageng dingwe tsa Afrika tlwaelo ya go boaboeletsa lemao le le lengwe mo balwetsing ba ba farologaneng e ne ya tlhotlheletsa Edelston go tlhagisa jaana: “O nne kelotlhoko fa e le gore o tshwanetse wa tlhabiwa lemao . . . mo Afrika . . . Kopa gore o tlhabiwe ka sepeite le lomao tseo o iponetseng ka matlho gore di tswa mo dibolayamegareng.”
Kgonagalo ya go tshwaetsega ka phoso e dira gore batho ba bantsi ba tsa kalafi ba fokotsege. Dingaka tse pedi tseo di neng di dira mo bookelong bongwe mo Afrika Borwa di ne tsa ngapiwa ke lomao ka nako ya fa di ne di alafa balwetsi ba AIDS. Ba ne ba tshwaetsega mme ba ne ba swa. Ka ntlha ya seno, dingaka tse thataro tseo di tswang dinageng di sele di ne tsa rola tiro mo bookelong joo.
Kafa tlase ga maemo a a ntseng jalo, ga go gakgamatse go bo ba le bantsi ba ile ba fetola maikutlo a bone malebana le tlwaelo ya go tshelwa sengwe sa dilo tse dikgolo tseo di oketsang lebelo la go tshwaediwa ke mogare wa AIDS—madi! “Madi a a tshwaetsegileng e sala e ntse e le sengwe se segolo seo se bakang go anama ga bolwetsi jono,” go rialo South African Medical Journal, e oketsa ka gore “le e leng didirisiwa tsa go tlhatlhoba madi mo Afrika bogare ga di yo mme bobotlana 60% ya madi a baabi a tshwaetsegile.”
Ke gone ke moo, lefa Afrika e setse e dikaganyeditswe ke masetlapelo a mantsi, e bogang gape. Mme gareng ga ditlamorago tse di amang pelo thata tsa sebetso seno sa AIDS mo Afrika ke seo se diragaletseng basadi le bana.
Bao Ba Bogang Mme Ba Sena Molato
Lucy ke motswasetlhabelo wa AIDS yo o senang molato. O ne a tshwaediwa ke monna wa gagwe yo o senang boitshwaro. Jaanong, e le motlholagadi wa dingwaga tse 23, Lucy o lwantshana le maikutlo a gagwe. “Ke santse ke lwa le gore a ke rate go tlhola ke mo gopola kgotsa a ke mo tlhoe ka jaana a ntshwaeditse,” o bolela jalo. Maikutlo ano a ga Lucy a bontsha ka moo AIDS e ka utlwisang botlhoko le go tlhorontsha motswasetlhabelo wa yona yo o senang molato ka gona.
“Lefa gone HIV mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang e ka tshwaetsa banna le basadi ka dipalo tseo di batlang di lekalekana,” go rialo lekwalodikgang la The World Today, “diphelelo tsa seno mo basading e ka nna . . . tse di makgwakgwa ka tsela e e sa lekalekaneng.” Seno se ntse jalo segolobogolo ka Afrika, koo basadi—ereka ba sena lesego ka ntlha ya go sa itseng go bala le go kwala, khumanego, le banna bao ba ba tlogelang mo gae go ya go dira go sele—ba boga ba itidimaletse fela.
Lefa go le jalo kgobalo e kgolo eo e bakilweng ke AIDS e fitlhelwa mo baneng. UNICEF (United Nations Children’s Fund) e fopholetsa gore jaaka fa basadi ba le dimilione di le 2,9 ba swa ka ntlha ya AIDS mo lesomeng leno la dingwaga mo Afrika, bana ba fitlha ga dimilione di le 5,5 e tla nna masiela. Motlhankedi mongwe go tswa kwa nageng nngwe e e nang le bobotlana bana ba ba tlhokafaletsweng ke batsadi ka ntlha ya AIDS ba le 40-000 o bega gore ebile “go na le metse . . . ya bana fela.”
Selo se sengwe gape se se bontshang masetlapelo ano ke bomme ba ba tshwaetsegileng ba ba nang le bana ba ba tshwaetsegileng. South African Medical Journal e tlhalosa gore “potso eo go le gantsi e bodiwang ke mme yoo diteko tsa madi di bontshang fa ngwana wa gagwe a tshwaeditswe ke HIV ke gore ‘ke mang yo o tla swang pele?’”
Ga go gakgamatse go bo basadi ba le bantsi ba ikutlwa ba sa sireletsega kgatlhanong le AIDS. Ngaka ya Zambia M. Phiri a re: “Basadi ba tla fano ba botsa gore a ga go na melemo epe eo e leng teng eo e ka ba sireletsang kgatlhanong le go tshwaediwa ke bolwetsi jono . . . Go na le poifo eno ya gore lefa ba ne ba itlhokomelasentle, balekane ba bone, banna ba bone ba ka nna ba seka ba ikanyega jaaka bone. Seno se a ba tlhobaetsa.”
Ka gone, ke eng seo motho yo o mo kgolaganong ya lenyalo a ka se dirang fa monna wa gagwe kana mosadi wa gagwe a ile a dira boitsholo jo bo repileng? Fa e le gore ba a itshwarelana le go boelana ka ntlha ya mabaka mangwe a lenyalo, molekane yo o molato o tshwanetse a dumela gore a tlhatlhobiwe ke ba tsa kalafi gore go bonwe fa gongwe a ka tswa a sa tshwaediwa ke HIV. (Bapisa Mathaio 19:9; 1 Bakorintha 7:1-5.) Go fitlhelela ba itse ka dipholo tsa tlhatlhobo eno, balekane ba lenyalo bao ba lebaneng le seemo se se ntseng jalo ba ka nna ba tla mo tshwetsong ya gore ba seka ba tlhakanela dikobo kgotsa bobotlana ba dirise dilo dingwe tseo di ka thibelang kgonagalo ya tshwaetsego.
Ereka jaana go tsaya lobaka lo loleele jaana gore matshwao a AIDS a itlhagise mo go yo o tshwaetsegileng, batho ba basha bao ba akanyetsang go nyala ba tshwanetse gape ba nna kelotlhoko thata pele ba ikgolega ka gore ba nyala mongwe yo pele a neng a tshela botshelo jo bo repileng, le eleng lefa gone jaanong motho yono a tshela tumalanong le melaometheo ya Bokeresete. Malebana le batho bano bao go nang le kgonagalo ya gore ba bo ba tshwaetsegile, mankge wa Tanzania mo mererong ya AIDS, Dr. S. M. Tibangayuka, o gakolola gore batho ba basha ba tsee tlhagiso ya gore “ba tlhatlhobiwe ba tlhatlhobelwa kgonagalo ya tshwaetsego ya HIV pele ga ba nyalana le mongwe.”
Ke boammaruri gore, fa fela go santse go na le AIDS mo Afrika, totatota, le e leng mo dikarolong tsotlhe tsa lefatshe, batswasetlhabelo ba ba senang molato, go kopanyeletsa balekane ba lenyalo le bana, ba tla nna ba boga.
[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 7]
Go na le mabaka a le mantsi a go bo AIDS e ganyaotse Afrika
[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]
WHO/E. Hooper