Basha ba Botsa Jaana . . .

AIDS—A ke mo Kotsing?

MAKASINE wa Newsweek o ne wa re kitsiso eo e ne ya ‘gamaregisa lefatshe.’ Ka November 7, 1991, motshameki yo o tumileng wa U.S. ebong Earvin “Magic” Johnson o ne a bolelela babegadikgang gore o na le mogare wa AIDS. Ka ntlha ya go ipolela moo, batho ba le bantsi fela thata ba ne ba founela mafelo a a tlhalosang ka AIDS. Batho ba le bantsi ba ne ba thologela kwa dikokelong dingwe go ya go tlhatlhobiwa AIDS. Batho bangwe ba bile ba fokotsa go nna matlhomatlho—lefa e ne e le ka lobakanyana fela.

Gongwe ba ba ileng ba tshosiwa thata ke kitsiso eo e ne e le basha. Mookamedi mongwe wa ditirelo tsa botsogo kwa yunibesithing nngwe o ne a re: “Baithuti ba ne ba amiwa pelo ke molaetsa wa gore ‘go mo diragaletse, go ka ntiragalela’—ka lobakanyana lo lo rileng. . . . Mo baithuting ba le bantsi, se se diragaletseng Magic Johnson ga se ba reye se re ba dire diphetogo mo boitshwarong jwa bone. Ba santse ba tsaya gore ‘eseng bone.’”

Bibela e ne ya bolelelapele gore motlha wa rona o tla bo o tletse ka “dikgogodi tsa bolwetse,” ke gore, malwetsi a a tshelanwang a a anamang ka bofefo. (Luke 21:11) AIDS e ka bidiwa ka boammaaruri ga twe ke kgogodi ya bolwetsi. Go tsere dingwaga tse di ferang bobedi—go simolola ka 1981 go ya go 1989—gore go lemogiwe batho bantlha ba le 100 000 ba ba nang le AIDS kwa United States. Mme go ne ga tsaya dingwaga di le pedi fela gore go begwe palo ya 100 000 ya bobedi ya batho ba ba nang le yone!

Go ya ka U.S. Centers for Disease Control, dipalopalo tseno tse di tshosang “di gatelela lobelo lo leroborobo lwa [AIDS] lo oketsegang ka lone mo United States.” Lefa gontse jalo, AIDS ke leroborobo le le mo lefatsheng lotlhe, le le bakang dintshontsho mo Afrika, Asia, Yuropa, le Latin America. Go a utlwala go bo Ngaka Marvin Belzer wa Kokelo ya Bana kwa Los Angeles a re AIDS ke “mathata a a boitshegang a a lebaneng basha mo dingwageng tsa bo1990.”

Bolwetsi jo bo Bofitlha

Tota bolwetsi jo bo sa tlwaelesegang jo ke bolwetsi mang, e bile ke eng fa bo le diphatsa jaana? Dingaka di dumela gore AIDS e simologa fa karolwana nngwe e potlana—mogare o o bidiwang HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)—o tsena mo mading. Mme fa o setse o le moo, mogare oo o simolola go tlhasela dingwe tsa disele tse ditshweu tsa madi, tse go tweng ke disele tsa T tse di thusang. Disele tseno ke tsone tshosoerweleng mo go thuseng mmele go lwantsha bolwetsi. Lefa go ntse jalo, mogare wa AIDS, o a di koafatsa, mme ka go dira jalo o bo o senya thulaganyo ya mmele ya go itshireletsa.

Go ka nna ga feta nako e ntsi pele ga motho yo o tsenweng ke mogare a ikutlwa a lwala. Ba bangwe ba ka nna ba tsaya dingwaga tse di ka tshwarang lesome ba sa supe dikai dipe tsa gore ba na le mogare oo. Mme fa nako e ntse e ya dikai tse o ka reng tsa foluu di simolola go itshupa—go latlhegelwa ke mmele le ke keletso ya dijo, letshoroma, le letshololo. Fa jaaka thulaganyo ya tshireletso ya mmele e ntse e koafala, motho yo o nang le mogare o simolola go tshabelelwa ke malwetsi a mantsi—nyumonia, meningitis, kgotlholo e tona, kana le dikankere tsa mefuta mengwe—a a bidiwang bo majapolaelo ka jaana a dirisa sebaka sa go bo mmele wa motho o sa tlhole o kgona go itwela ka nonofo yotlhe fa o tlhaselwa.

Motho mongwe wa dingwaga tse 20 yo o nang le AIDS o ne a re, “Ke nna ke le mo ditlhabing ka metlha.” Bolwetsi joo bo ile jwa mo ntsha diso mo mongopong le mo teleleng. Lefa go ntse jalo fa motho a setse a bolawa ke AIDS, o emetswe ke se se fetang fela ditlhabi le matshwenyego; e re ka jaana batho botlhe ba ba e lwalang ba tlile go swa. Fa e sale ka 1981 mogare oo o ile wa tsena batho ba ba fetang milione kwa United States fela. Fa re bua jaana go setse go sule ba ba fetang 160 000. Baitse ba re e tla re ka ngwaga wa 1995, palo ya baswi e bo e menagane sebedi. Mo nakong eno ga go ise go itsiwe molemo wa AIDS.

Basha ba mo Kotsing

Go tla go fitlha mo nakong eno, palonyana e e seng ya sepe mo bathong ba go begilweng fa ba na le AIDS—palo e e kwa tlase ga 1 lekgolong kwa United States—ke ya basha. Ka lebaka leo, o ka nna wa bo o sa itse mosha ope yo o bolailweng ke bolwetsi jwa AIDS. Seno ga se reye gore basha ga ba mo kotsing! Palo e e ka tshwarang nngwetlhanong ya balwetsi ba AIDS mo United States ba mo dingwageng tsa bone tsa bo 20. E re ka go tsaya dingwaga tse dintsi pele ga fa dikai di itshupa, bontsi jwa batho bano ba tshwanetse ba bo ba ile ba tsenwa ke bolwetsi ba santse ba le mo dingwageng tsa bone tsa bolesome. Fa dilo di ka tsamaya jaaka di tsamaya gompeino, diketekete tsa basha tse dingwe di tlile go lwala AIDS.

Go ya ka U.S. Centers for Disease Control, mogare ono o o diphatsa o nna “mo mading, peo ya monna, le diedi tsa mosele wa mosadi tsa batho ba ba nang le jone.” Ka jalo HIV e tshelanwa ka go “tlhakanela dikobo—ga mosele wa mosadi, ga kafa maragong, kana ka molomo—le motho yo o nang le mogare.” Bontsi jwa batho ba tsenwe ke bolwetsi ka mekgwa eno. Gape AIDS e ka tshelanwa ka go “dirisa kana go tlhabiwa ka lomao lo lo neng lo dirisitswe kana la kenta motho yo o nang le megare.” Mo godimo ga moo, “batho bangwe ba tsenwe ke megare fa ba sena go tshelwa madi” a a nang le HIV.—Voluntary HIV Counseling and Testing: Facts, Issues, and Answers.

Ka lebaka leo he, basha ba le bantsi ba mo kotsing. Palo e e tshosang ya basha (bangwe ba re e e ka tshwarang 60 lekgolong kwa United States) ba setse ba kile ba lekeletsa diokobatsi tse di sa letlelelwang. E re ka dingwe tsa diokobatsi tseno di tsenngwa ka lomao, kotsi ya go tsenwa ke bolwetsi ka ntlha ya go dirisa lomao lo lo nang le mogare e kwa godimo thata. Go ya ka patlisiso ya U.S., 82 lekgolong ya baithuti ba dikolo tse dikgolwane ba setse ba kile ba a nwa bojalwa, mme mo e ka nnang 50 lekgolong ba santse ba bo nwa le gompieno. Ga o kake wa tsenwa ke AIDS fela ka go bo o nole thini ya biri, mme lefa go ntse jalo e ka nna ya go fifatsa mogopolo mme ya dira gore o itshware ka tsela e e diphatsa thata—go tlhakanela dikobo le mongwe le mongwe, bosodoma kana go tlhakanela dikobo ga monna le mosadi.

Ka 1970 e ne e le palo e e kwa tlase ga 5 lekgolong ya basetsana ba ba dingwaga di 15 ba ba neng ba setse ba tlhakanetse dikobo. Ka 1988 palo eo e ne e setse e fetile 25 lekgolong. Fa ba ya go tshwara dingwaga tse 20, jaaka fa dipatlisiso di bontsha, 75 lekgolong ya basadi le 86 lekgolong ya banna kwa United States ba tlhakanela dikobo ka metlha. Palo e nngwe gape e e tshosang ke ya gore: Mo e ka nnang mosha a le 1 mo go ba le 5 o ile a tlhakanela dikobo le batho ba feta bonè. Ee, palo e e golelang pele ya basha ba tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo, mme ba simolola ba santse ba le bannye le go feta.

Seemo ga se botoka mo dinageng tse dingwe. Kwa mafatsheng a Latin America, palo e e tshwarang tharonneng ya basha ba dingwaga tsa bolesome ba setse ba tlhakanetse dikobo pele ga lenyalo. Mo dinageng tsa Afrika go begwa fa banna ba le bantsi ba ipatlela basetsana ba dingwaga tsa bolesome go tlhakanela dikobo le bone ka maiteko a go itshireletsa mo mogareng wa AIDS. Phelelo ke efe? Go ntsifala fela thata ga bolwetsi jwa AIDS mo basetsaneng ba dingwaga tsa bolesome ba Maafrika.

Go anama ga AIDS ga go a kgoreletsa ka mokgwa ope boitshwaro jono jo bo diphatsa. Tsaya naga nngwe ya Latin America ka sekai. Palo e e fetang 60 lekgolong ya “basha ba ba iseng ba nyale kana ba nyalwe ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo ba mo kotsing e kgolo thata ya go ka tsenwa ke mogare wa AIDS.” Lefa go ntse jalo, ke ba ba kwa tlase ga 10 lekgolong ba ba akanyang gore ba mo kotsing ka namana. Ba ipolelela jaana: ‘Ga go kake ga ntiragalela.’ Mme naga eno e na le “nngwe ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo tsa batho ba ba nang le mogare wa HIV kwa mafatsheng a Amerika.”—U.S. Centers for Disease Control.

Go Ka Direga!

Kgogodi ya AIDS e supa boammaaruri jwa tlhagiso ya Bibela ya gore “bokhutlō” jwa boitsholo jo bo sa siamang jwa tlhakanelodikobo “bo botlhoko yaka loñana.” (Diane 5:3-5; 7:21-23) Ee, gone Bibela e bua segolobogolo ka tshenyego ya bomoya le ya boikutlo. Mme ga go a tshwanela go re gakgamatsa gore boitsholo jo bo sa siamang jwa tlhakanelodikobo bo bo bo senya le mmele.

Ka jalo he go botlhokwa gore basha ba lebe dikotsi tsa go tsenwa ke AIDS le malwetsi a mangwe a tlhakanelodikobo kwantle ga go iphoufatsa. Mogopolo wa go ipolelela gore AIDS ‘ga e ka ke ya ntsena’ o ka nna diphatsa thata. Lekawana lengwe le le bidiwang David le ne la re, “Fa o na le dingwaga tse di lesome le botlhano kana lesome le borataro kana tota lefa o na le dingwaga tse di lesome le bosupa, lesome le borobabobedi, lesome le borobabongwe, kana masome a mabedi, o rata go tsaya gore wena ga o ka ke wa twe sepe ke sepe.” Lefa go ntse jalo, boammaaruri jone bo supa se sele. David o ne a tsenwa ke AIDS a na le dingwaga di le 15.

Go bua puophaa fela: Fa o dirisa diokobatsi tse di seng kafa molaong kana o tlhakanela dikobo pele ga lenyalo, o mo kotsing! Go tweng ka puo ya gore motho o ka “tlhakanela dikobo ka tsela e e seng kotsi”? A go na le ditsela tse di boammaaruri tse o ka itshireletsang mo leroborobong leno? Setlhogo sa rona se se latelang mo motseletseleng ono se tla araba dipotso tseno.

[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 22]

Malwetsi a Mangwe a Tlhakanelodikobo

AIDS ke kgangkgolo. Mme lefa go ntse jalo, The Medical Post e tlhagisa jaana: ‘Canada e mo nthagarageng ya leroborobo la STD [sexually transmitted disease (malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo)].’ Mme ga se kwa Canada fela. Center for Population Options ya kwa U.S. e bolela gore, “Ngwaga le ngwaga dimilione di le 2,5 tsa basha ba dingwaga tsa bolesome kwa U.S. ba tsenwa ke malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo. Palo eno e raya gore ke mo e ka nnang mosha a le mongwe mo go ba le barataro ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le nngwetlhanong ya balwetsi botlhe ba malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo mo lefatsheng leo lotlhe.”

Ka sekai, thosola, e go kileng ga bo go tsewa gore e a fela, e ile ya tsenya letsatsi gape mo dingwageng tsa bosheng, e tshwara basha ka dipalo tse dikgolo fela thata. Rasephiphi le makhwekhwenene (a e leng malwetsi a malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo a a atileng thata kwa United States) a itshupile fa le one a palela maiteko a go a fedisa. Mme basha ke bone segolobogolo ba tsenwang ke malwetsi ao thata. The New York Times le yone ka tsela e e tshwanang e bega ka “go oketsega thata” ga palo ya basha ba ba tsenweng ke dikakana tsa mapele. Diketekete tsa basha gape di na le mogare wa herpes. Go ya ka Science News, “batho ba ba nang le herpes ya mapele ba tshabelelwa ke go tsenwa ke [HIV], e e bakang AIDS.”

Center for Population Options ya re: “Le mororo basha e le bone ba tsenwang ke malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo go gaisa setlhopha sepe fela, ke bone ba e bileng ba ka nna ba se ka ba bona kalafi go gaisa ditlhopha tse dingwe. Fa malwetsi a malwetsi a tlhakanelodikobo, a sa lemogiwe le go alafiwa, a baka mathata a magolo a lotheka, boopa, go farelwa, le kankere ya molomo wa popelo.”

[Ditshwantsho mo go tsebe 20, 21]

Mongwe le mongwe yo o ikentang ka diokobatsi tse di sa letlelelwang kana a tlhakanela dikobo le yole le yole o itsenya mo kotsing ya go tsenwa ke AIDS