Koo Bontswi ba Fofelang Teng go ja Ditlhapi

Koo Bontswi ba Fofelang Teng go ja Ditlhapi

BA TLA ba le diketekete, ba apere bontle go tla go ja tinara, ba tla ba phaphasela go tswa kwa dikarolong tsotlhe tsa Alaska, British Columbia le go tswa kgakalakgakala kwa nageng ya Washington. Ke dinonyane tse di kgatlhang tota, di itsege thata ka ditlhogo tsa tsone tse ditshweu le diphuka tsa megatla ya tsone tse ditshweu tse o fitlhelang di di tšharolola go fokotsa lebelo fa di kotama fa fatshe. Ka mebele ya tsone e e mmala o o borokwa o o bokete jwa palogare ya dikilogerama tse thataro, ya tse di namagadi yone e megolo go sekae mo go ya tse di tona, di kgona go fofa ka lobelo lwa dikilometara di le 50 ka ura ka diphuka tse di boleele jwa dimetara tse 1,8 go ya go 2,4—lefa go ntse jalo, fa matlho a teng a a bogale a ka gaudisa tlhapi e santse e le bokgakala jwa dikilometara di le 1,5, di ka tsapogela kwa go yone go ya go e phamola ka lobelo lwa dikilometara di le 160 ka ura!

Lefa go ntse jalo, fa di ya moletlong wa tsone wa tinara kwa Nokeng ya Chilkat gone, ga di tlhoke go ithankgola jalo mo phefong. Dijo tsa tsone tsa tlhapi ya salmon ga di siele gope. Di koelana ka bontsi di letile fela gore di tle go di garola. Di baakanyeditswe menate eno ke Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, e e neng ya agiwa ka 1982 ke puso ya Alaska “go sireletsa le go atisa losika lo logolo go a gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng lwa Bontswi ba ba Tlhogotshweu le lefelo la bone le le botlhokwatlhokwa.”

Serapa seno se bogolo jwa diheketara di le 19 000 go iphaphatha le karolo e dinoka tsa Chilkat, Klehini, le Tsirku di kopanelang mo go yone mme se akaretsa fela mafelo a bontswi ba ratang go nna mo go one. Lefelo le le kgethegileng le diketekete tsa bontswi di ratang go kgobokanela fa go lone le le baeti ba tlang ka bontsi fa go lone go tla go ba bona le dikilometara tse robedi go iphaphatha le Noka ya Chilkat e e bapileng le Haines Highway e e fa gare ga Haines le Klukwan.

Pampitshana nngwe ya puso ya setlhogo se se reng “Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve” e tlhalosa lebaka la go bo karolo eno e e dikilometara di le robedi ya noka e kgona go tlhagisa ditlhapi tse dintsi tsa salmon tse di jewang ke bontswi bano.

“Tiragalo ya tlholego e e bakang gore metsi ano a Noka ya Chilkat a a elelang dimaele di le tlhano [dikilometara di le robedi] a se ka a swa dikgapetla ka nako ya dikgwedi tse di tsididitsididi, e bidiwa ‘letsha la sekafene la seretse le matlapa.’ Fene ya Tsirku, e leng thotana ya makgarapana a mmu, matlapana, moshawa le makgabana a kapoko e e bopegileng jaaka fene fa Dinoka tsa Tsirku, Klehini le Chilkat di kopanang gone e fitlha e itira letsha le legolo la metsi.”

Ka tlwaelo, fa noka e fitlhang e nna tshesane teng gore metsi a yone a tshelegele mo go e nngwe, e kgwela sengwe le sengwe mo go e nngwe e bo e fetoga makgadikgadi, mme go sala go sena metsi ape foo. Lefa go ntse jalo, fa Noka ya Tsirku e kopanang le Noka ya Chilkat teng, go phanyega ga lefatshe le dikgapetlakedi di dirile kgampu e e boteng jo bo fetang dimetara di le 230 kwa tlase ga selekanyo sa bogodimo jwa lewatle. Fa dikgapetlakedi di ntse di gakologa, leswe la teng le ne la sala, mme dinoka tseo le tsone di ne tsa kgwela moshawa wa tsone le makgarapana a tsone foo go fitlha kgampu eo e sala e na le maregerege a a elelang a a bokima jwa dimetara tse 230 a ikgatile kwa tlase.

Pego eno e tlhalosa gore ka nako e go leng mogote ka yone ka dikgakologo, selemo le mo masimologong a setlha sa pula, metsi a kapoko le a dikgapetlakedi tse di gakologileng a elelela mo teng ga letsha leno la sekafene. Metsi a a tsenang mo go yone a tsena ka bonako go feta a a tswang mo go itirang letsha le legolo la metsi. Pampitshana eno ya serapa sa bontswi e tswelela jaana: “Fa go nna mariga, go nna tsididi thata mme metsi a tikologo eo a swa dikgapetla. Lefa go ntse jalo, metsi a a mo letsheng le legolo leno one a nna a le mogotenyana go feta metsi a mangwe a tikologo eo ka didikirii tsa Fahrenheit di le 10 go ya go 20 [5° go ya go 10° C]. Metsi ano a a bothitonyana a ‘tlhotlhegela’ mo teng ga Noka ya Chilkat a bo a dira gore metsi a teng a se ka a swa dikgapetla.

“Go nyeuma mefuta e le metlhano ya ditlhapi tsa salmon moo le mo melapong le mo melatswaneng e e fa gaufi. Di-salmon di simolola go nyeuma moo ka selemo go fitlha mo karolong ya bofelo ya setlha sa pula kana mo masimologong a mariga. Di-salmon di swa ka bonako fela fa di sena go tsala mme bontswi bano ba ja ditoto tseo tse dintsi tsa tsone.”

Moletlo oo wa di-salmon o simologa ka October mme o fela ka February, ka bonako fela morago ga moo diketekete tsa bontswi di phatlalala le naga yotlhe. Lefa go ntse jalo, mo serapeng seno gone go nna bontswi ba palo e e fa gare ga 200 le 400 ngwaga otlhe. Mo godimo ga ditlhapi dipe fela tse ba di tshwarang, gape ba ja digodi, diamusi tse dinnye le dilo tse di suleng.

Lefereo le le Kgatlhang, “Manyalo” a a Nnelang Ruri

Ba nyalana botshelo jotlhe jwa bone—ba ka tshela dingwaga tse 40—mme ka tlwaelo ba nna mmogo fela ka nako ya fa ba santse ba dira sentlhaga. Ba simolola go fereana ka April mme go ya ka pampitshana ya Eagles—The Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve, “go fereana goo ga bontswi go ka akaretsa go phaphasela mo phefong ba gonne menoto le go ja semenogane mo loaping.” A ba dira dilo tseo tsotlhe mme gape ba tshwarane ka diatla? Go utlwala ba tlhakanngwa tlhogo ke lorato tota!

Go ile ga sekasekwa dintlhaga di le 94 mo serapeng seno. Ka tlwaelo ba thuthusa lee le le lengwe go ya go a le mararo mo magareng a malatsi a bofelo a May le a a simololang a June morago ga go a elama malatsi a le 34 kana 35. Mamphorwana a simolola go tswa mo sentlhageng ka September, mme a nna fela a le mmala o morokwa le boswaana. Ga a kitla a nna le mmala wa one o montle o mosweu mo tlhogong le mo mogatleng go fitlha a nna dingwaga tse nnè kana tse tlhano!

Pampitshana eno gape e tlhalosa kafa bontswi ba tlhaselang sengwe le sengwe ka teng go iponela dijo mme e gakolola batho ka dilo tse ba ka di dirang go itumelela go etela serapa seno ba babalesegile:

“Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve e tlhophile lefelo la diakere di le 48 000 [diheketara di le 19 000] go sireletsa bontswi mo go lone. Lefa go ntse jalo, bontswi ba kile ba ne ba sa sireletsega; ba kile ba ne ba tlhaselwa thata ke batsomi ba ba neng ba batla go ba nyeletsa. Ka ntlha ya pego ya gore bontswi ba rata thata go ja di-salmon tse di tshelang le diphologotswana tse dingwe, Alaska Territorial Legislature e ne e duelela batho go bolaya bontswi ka 1917. Batho ba e kileng ya bo e le masole a Ft. William H. Seward kwa Haines, ba tlhalosa gore ba ne ba tlhola ba oketsa madinyana a mannye a Bosole a ba neng ba duelwa ka one ka go rekisa menoto ya bone e e neng e ja $1 (moragonyana e ne ya okediwa go nna $2).

“Moragonyana babatlisisi ba ne ba lemoga gore e ne e se boammaaruri gore bontswi ba bolaya di-salmon, mme ba ne ba se ka ba tlhola ba duelela seo go tloga ka 1953. Ka nako eo, go ne go setse go bolailwe bontswi ba ba fetang 128 000 ka ntlha ya tuelo eo. Go fopholediwa gore palo ya losika lwa bontswi ba Borwabotlhaba jwa Alaska ka 1940, ka nako ya fa batho ba ne ba duelelwa go ba bolaya, e ne e le halofo ya palo ya losika lwa bontswi e e neng e le teng ka bo1970.

“E ne ya re fa Alaska e simolola go ipusa ka 1959, bontswi ba ba tlhogotshweu ba Alaska ba ne ba sirelediwa thata ke puso ka 1940 ka molawana wa Bald Eagle Act. Ke molato o mogolo thata fa motho a ka bolaya ntswi e bile motho o a bo a tlotse molao fa a tshotse ntswi o o tshelang kana o o suleng kgotsa serwe sepe fela sa yone (go akaretsa le diphuka!), kwantle fela ga mo maemong mangwe a a rileng.

“Ka 1972 Alaska State Legislature e ne ya aga Chilkat River Critical Habitat Area, e e neng e tlhokometswe ke Alaska Department of Fish and Game, go sireletsa palo e kgolo ya bontswi. Mafelo a mantsi a bontswi ba nnang mo go one a santse a sa sirelediwa, mme go ile ga feta nako e telele batlhokomedi ba tikologo le badiraditlhabologo ba kgakgauthana ba lwela naga e e fa Mokgatšheng wa Chilkat. Morago ga fa National Audubon Society le Haines/Klukwan Resource Study e e neng e duelwa ke puso di sena go dira dipatlisiso, baremaditlhare, batshwaraditlhapi, batlhokomedi ba tikologo, borakgwebo le boradipolotiki ba koo ba ne kgabagare ba dumalana. Ka 1982, puso e ne ya diragatsa tumalano eo ka go aga Alaska Chilkat Bald Eagle Preserve ya diakere tse 48 000 [diheketara tse 19 000].

“Mo Serapeng seo, ga go a letlelelwa ope go rema ditlhare kana go dira meepo, mme gone, dilo tse e leng kgale di dirwa mo nageng eo tsone di letleletswe, tse di jaaka go kgetla moretlwa, go tshwara ditlhapi le go tsoma. Serapa seo se laolwa ke Alaska Division of Parks ka thuso ya maloko a bagakolodi a le 12 a a dirilweng ka baagi ba koo, badiredi ba bagolo ba puso le moithutatshelo.

“Go santse go sekasekwa tsela e ka yone go ka dirisiwang dikuno tsa mokgatšha oo kwantle ga go senya tikologo, mme go santse go ka tsoga kgang ka ga gore go dirwe eng ka naga e e fa Mokgatšheng wa Chilkat. Lefa go ntse jalo, baagi ba koo ba itumelela go bo ba ile ba kgona go itharabololela bothata jo bo kaga go sireletsa bontswi.”

Lefelo le legolo le baeti ba ka tlang go leba bontswi fa go lone ke go bapa le Haines Highway e e bapileng le Noka ya Chilkat, mme foo go dirilwe mafelo a o ka ba lebang sentle fa go one.

[Mmapa mo go tsebe 15]

(For fully formatted text, see publication)

Letsha la Chilkat Noka ya Chilkoot

Noka ya Klehini KLUKWAN

Mafelo a go Leba Bontswi

(letsha la sekafene la seretse le matlapa)

▴

Haines Highway

Noka ya Tsirku ▾ Letsha la Chilkoot

Letsha la Chilkat ▾

Noka ya Chilkat ▾ Molomo wa Lutak

Noka ya Takhin ▾

HAINES

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 15]

Bald eagles on pages 15-18: Alaska Division of Tourism