Bolwetse Jwa Dengue—Letshoroma le le Bakwang ke go Lomiwa

Ka mmegadikgang wa Tsogang! kwa Philippines

MONANG o nna mo letsogong la mosetsanyana mongwe a sa o bone. Tshenekegi eno e tlhaba letlalo la gagwe ka bonako mme e phunye tshika ya madi. Morago ga lobakanyana, mmè o leba morwadie mme o bona monang. A o faphola fela ka bonako, o bo o setse o ile. A go fedile ka one? Gongwe nnyaa. Monang o ka tswa o ile, le fa go ntse jalo, go tsena ga one mo tshikeng ya ngwana ya madi o ne o sa tshwanela, go tlogetse ditshedi dingwe tse di sa batlegeng tse di ka bakang bolwetse.

Mo dibekeng di le pedi fela, ngwana o a sitwa, o opelwa ke tlhogo, matlho a nna botlhoko, malokololo a gagwe a opa thata, mme o nna le letshoroma le legolo. Fa bolwetse bo ntse bo mo gatelela, o tswa boswata jo bohibidu e bile o lapa ka tsela e e feteletseng. O tshwerwe ke bolwetse jwa dengue, letshoroma le le bakwang ke go lomiwa ke monang.

Ngwana a ka nna a tshwarwa ke mofuta o mongwe o o kotsi thata wa bolwetse jono, letshoroma la dengue la go tshologa madi a mantsi (DHF [dengue hemorrhagic fever]), segolobogolo fa e le gore o kile a tshwarwa ke bolwetse jwa dengue mo nakong e e fetileng. Mo go jone, ditshika tsa madi di a dutla, mo go felelang ka gore a tswe madi mo letlalong. Madi a ka nna a bo a dutlela mo teng. Fa go se na kalafi e e tshwanetseng, molwetse wa teng a ka nna a tsibikela thata mme ditshika tsa gagwe tsa madi tsa se dire sentle, se se ka dirang gore a swe ka bonako.

Bolwetse jono jwa dengue ke eng tota? A bo ka go tshwara? O ka sireletsa wena le lelapa la gago jang? A re boneng.

Bolwetse Jwa Dengue ke Eng?

Bolwetse jwa dengue, jo gape bo bidiwang letshoroma le le robang marapo, ke bongwe jwa malwetse a le mantsi a a bakwang ke go lomiwa ke monang. Selo se tota se bakang bolwetse jono ke baerase. Monang o o tshwaeditsweng (ke gore, monang o o kileng wa loma motho yo o tshwaeditsweng) o tsamaya ka baerase eno e le mo dikgelesweng tsa one tsa mathe. O fetisetsa baerase eno mo mothong fa o mo loma gore o nwe madi a gagwe.

Go na le mefuta e le menè ya dibaerase tsa bolwetse jwa dengue. Fa o tshwaeditswe ke mongwe wa yone ga go dire gore o se ke wa tshwaediwa ke e mengwe e meraro. Fa motho a tshwaeditswe ke mofuta mongwe wa bolwetse jono, mme a bo a longwa ke monang o o nang le mofuta o mongwe gape, a ka nna a tshwarwa ke letshoroma la DHF.

“Pedi Tlhanong ya Baagi ba Lefatshe” e mo Kotsing

Go ya ka World Health Organization (WHO), batho ba le dimilione di le 2500 ba mo kotsing ya go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jono jwa dengue, “pedi tlhanong ya baagi ba lefatshe.” Asiaweek e begile gore: “Dinaga tse di fetang di le 100 tsa boboatsatsi le tse di gaufi thata le boboatsatsi di begile fa di tlhasetswe ke bolwetse jwa dengue e bile go begwa fa dimilione di le masomesome di tshwaetsega ngwaga le ngwaga, mme 95% ya batho ba ba tshwaediwang ke bana.”

Ga go itsiwe sentle gore bolwetse jwa dengue bo lemogilwe leng lwa ntlha. Pego e e kaga “letshoroma la lengole” kwa Cairo ka 1779 e ka tswa totatota e ne e raya bolwetse jwa dengue. Fa e sa le go tloga ka nako eo, go ne ga begwa ka bolwetse jwa dengue mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Segolobogolo fa e sale ka Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, bolwetse jwa dengue bo ile jwa lwatsa batho thata, go simolola kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia. Mefuta e le mentsi ya baerase eno e ne ya simolola go anama mme seno se ne sa felela ka mefuta e e farologaneng e e kotsi ya letshoroma la go tshologa madi a mantsi. Kgatiso nngwe e e gatisitsweng ke WHO ya re: “Lekgetlho la ntlha fa letshoroma la go tshologa madi a mantsi le ne le tlhasela tota kwa Asia le ne la lemogiwa kwa Manila ka 1954.” Dinaga tse dingwe le tsone di ne tsa latela segolobogolo Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia le mafelo a a mabapi. Palo ya batho ba ba neng ba bolawa ke bolwetse jono fa bo simolola kwa Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia e ne e tloga go diperesente di le 10 go ya go di le 50, mme fa go ntse go ithutiwa go le gontsi ka bolwetse jono, dipalo tseno di ne tsa fokotsega.

Bolwetse jwa dengue bo ne jwa oketsega thata go tloga ka bo1960, ka gonne batho ba ne ba goga dinao go latela dithulaganyo tsa go fokotsa monang o o tsamaisang baerase eno. Fa bolwetse jwa dengue bo ntse bo anama, letshoroma la DHF le lone le ne la anama. Pele ga 1970 e ne e le dinaga tse 9 fela tse di neng di wetswe ke leroborobo leno, mme ka 1995 palo eno e ne ya tlhatlogela go 41. WHO e lekanyetsa gore ngwaga le ngwaga, balwetse ba le 500 000 ba ba tshwerweng ke letshoroma la DHF ba tlhoka go isiwa kwa bookelong.

Le fa gone bolwetse jono bo sa itsiwe kwa mafelong a a kwa ntle ga boboatsatsi, mo mabakeng a mangwe batsamai ba ba yang kwa dikgaolong tse go diregang gore ba tshwaediwe mo go tsone ba ne ba tshwaetsega mme ba ya le bolwetse jono kwa gae. Ka sekai, go ya kwa bofelong jwa 1996, The New York Times e ne ya bega ka bolwetse jwa dengue kwa United States—kwa Massachusetts, New York, Oregon le kwa Texas.

Dikotsi Dingwe Tsa Letshoroma la DHF

Jaaka go bontshitswe pelenyana, letshoroma la DHF ke mofuta mongwe o o kotsi thata wa bolwetse jwa dengue. Nngwe ya dikotsi tsa letshoroma la DHF ke gore batho ba ithaya ba re ga le kotsi thata. Ba le bantsi ba dira phoso ya go le tsaya fela jaaka foluu. Le fa go ntse jalo, go sa tseye kgato ka bonako go ka dira gore bolwetse jono bo kekele go fitlha bo nna kotsi thata mo dipolatelete tsa madi di fokotsegang thata, madi a simolole go dutla (mo teng kana mo marinining, mo dinkong kgotsa ka letlalo), mme kgatelelo ya madi e fokotsege. Molwetse a ka nna a wa. Ka nako ya fa lelapa le lemoga gore go maswe, molwetse o setse a tsibikela. Ba mo tabogisetsa kwa bookelong. Koo teng, dingaka di fitlhela gore madi a gagwe ga a dikologe sentle. Ka ntlha ya boemo jwa gagwe jo bo masisi, go laelwa gore a tshelwe dieledi tse di emisetsang tsa mo ditshikeng tsa madi.

Go Sireletsa Lelapa la Gago

Ke eng se se ka dirwang go fokotsa se se dirwang ke bolwetse jono? Fa lelapa le nna mo bolwetse jwa dengue bo anameng teng e bile mongwe mo lelapeng a tshwarwa ke letshoroma le le maatla sebaka se se fetang letsatsi, ba lelapa ka botlhale ba tshwanetse go ikgolaganya le ngaka. Seno se botlhokwa segolobogolo fa e le gore molwetse o na le matshwao a mangwe a bolwetse jwa dengue, a a jaaka go tswa boshwata kana go opelwa ke ditshika le malokololo kgotsa mo teng ga matlho.

Ngaka e ka nna ya mo tlhatlhoba madi. Bolwetse jwa dengue jo e seng jwa go tswa madi bo ka tlhoka fela kalafi e e motlhofo. Le fa go ntse jalo, fa tlhatlhobo e bontsha gore ke letshoroma la DHF, ngaka e ka nna ya akantsha gore go dirisiwe dieledi dingwe ka kelotlhoko. Seno se ka akaretsa gore a nosiwe metswako mengwe ya go busetsa metsi mo mmeleng, e e tshwanang le e e diriwang fa motho a na le letshololo kana mo maemong a a maswe thata, seeledi se se emisetsang sa mo ditshikeng tsa madi ba dirisa motswako wa ga Ringer, metswako ya saline kana e mengwe. Fa a tsibekela, ngaka e ka nna ya mo kwalela melemo e mengwe go mo thusa go oketsa kgatelelo ya madi le go busetsa dipolatelete tsa madi mo selekanyong se se siameng.

Fa a tswile madi thata, dingaka di ka nna tsa rata go buelela gore a tshelwe madi. Ba bangwe ba ka nna ba akantsha seno ka bonako fela kwantle ga go akanya ka sengwe se sele se se ka diriwang. Le fa go ntse jalo, mo godimo ga go nna kgatlhanong le molao wa Modimo, seno gantsi ga se tlhokege. (Ditiro 15:29) Maitemogelo a bontshitse gore go dirisa dieledi tse di tsamaisang madi mo mmeleng ka kelotlhoko go tloga fela fa bolwetse bo simolola go botlhokwatlhokwa gore o alafe bolwetse jono. Tirisanommogo gareng ga molwetse le ngaka mo go seno e ka thusa go fokotsa dikgogakgogano kaga kgang ya go tshelwa madi. Seno sotlhe se gatelela botlhokwa jwa go tsaya kgato ka bonako fa go belaelwa gore motho o na le letshoroma la DHF.—Bona lebokose la “Matshwao a Gone ke Afe?”

Dikgato Tsa go bo Thibela

Nngwe ya ditshenekegi tse dikgolo tse di tsamaisang baerase ya bolwetse jwa dengue thata ke monang wa Aedes aegypti. Mofuta ono o tlwaelegile thata kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi le a a gaufi thata le boboatsatsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe. (Bona mmapa o o mo setlhogong seno.) Menang ya Aedes aegypti e gola thata mo mafelong a a nang le batho ba bantsi. Go laola monang ono ke sengwe sa dilo tsa konokono tsa go laola bolwetse jono.

Ga go motlhofo go laola monang ono mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le dilo tse o ka di dirang go thusa go fokotsa kotsi eno mo legaeng la gago. Monang o mo namagadi o beela mae a one mo metsing. Seboko sa one se ka golela mo teng ga sengwe le sengwe se se bolokileng metsi sebaka sa mo e ka nnang beke kana go feta, se se jaaka dithaere tse di sa dirisiweng, dikane tse di latlhilweng, dibotlolo kgotsa dikgapetla tse di butsweng tsa khokonate. Go tlosa dilo tseno go tla fokotsa mafelo a monang o tsalelang mo go one. Mo godimo ga moo, go akantshiwa gore o ribege dikgamelo kgotsa mekoro. Gape go ka thusa go tlosa metsi ape fela a a sa eleleng a a mo meeding ya metsi. Se se kgatlhang ke gore mo masimologong a ngwaga wa sekolo wa 1997/98, lephata la puso la boitekanelo kwa Philippines le ne le nyatsa go dirisiwa ga dipitsa tsa dithunya kwa diphaposing tsa borutelo kwa dikolong ka lone lebaka leno.

Fa mongwe mo gae a tshwerwe ke bolwetse jwa dengue, tsaya dikgato tse di tshwanetseng go tila gore a se lomiwe ke menang e mengwe e le yone e ka nnang ya tshwaetsa ba bangwe. Kago e e sireletsegileng sentle kgotsa e e nang le moya o lekaneng e ka lo sireletsa.

Go tweng ka go entiwa? Go santse go ise go bonwe mokento o o tshwanetseng. Go dirwa dipatlisiso tsa gore o bonwe, mme seno se raraanngwa ke kgang ya gore go sireletsega sentle go tla tlhoka gore mokento ono o lwe le mefuta yotlhe e le menè ya bolwetse jwa dengue. Go entela mofuta o le mongwe fela totatota go ka oketsa bodiphatsa jwa letshoroma la DHF. Babatlisisi ba solofela gore ba tla bona mokento o o dirang sentle mo dingwageng di le tlhano go ya go di le lesome.

Babatlisisi bangwe ba ntse ba leka tsela nngwe gape. Ka go dirisa mokgwa wa go fetolwa ga dijini, ba solofela go thibela baerase ya bolwetse jwa dengue gore e se ke ya ikoketsa mo matheng a monang. Fa seno se ka dira jaaka se rulagantswe, menang e e fetotsweng dijini eno e tla fetisetsa kwa lotsalong lwa tsone gore lo se tlhole lo kgona go baka bolwetse jwa dengue. Le fa gone go setse go bonwe kgatelopele e e rileng, re tla bona gore e tla atlega go le kana kang.

Mo nakong eno, ga go bonale go ka fedisiwa bolwetse jwa dengue gotlhelele. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tsaya dikgato tse di dirang go ka thusa wena le batho ba o ba ratang go tila mathata a a tshosetsang botshelo a go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jwa dengue—letshoroma le le bakiwang ke go lomiwa.

[Lebokso mo go tsebe 17]

Matshwao a Gone ke Afe?

Matshwao a letshoroma la dengue le letshoroma la dengue la go tshologa madi a mantsi (DHF)

• Letshoroma le le bogale la ka tshoganetso

• Go opiwa ke tlhogo e e bogalea

• Go opelwa ke matlho

• Go opelwa ke malokololo le mesifa

• Go ruruga dikgeleswa tsa lymph

• Boshwata

• Go lapa thata

Matshwao a a tlhomologileng a letshoroma la DHF

• Go wa ka tshoganetso

• Go dutla madi mo letlalong

• Go tswa madi gotlhe

• Letlalo le le tsididi le le kgomarelang

• Go tlhobaela

• Go tsibikela le pelo e e iteelang kwa tlase (dengue shock syndrome)

O se ke wa senya nako go bona ngaka fa e le gore o lemoga matshwao ano. Bana ke bone ba ba mo kotsing thata

[Ntlha e e kwa tlase]

[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 17]

Tlhagiso go Batsamai

Go le gantsi batsamai ba ba yang kwa mafelong a boboatsatsi ba tshwaediwa ke bolwetse jwa dengue, lefa go ntse jalo letshoroma la dengue la go tshologa madi a mantsi ga le a tlwaelega ka gonne gantsi le go tshwaetsa morago ga go tshwarwa ke bolwetse jwa dengue ka lekgetlho la bobedi. Fano ke dikakantsho tsa polokesego go batsamai:

• Apara dihempe tsa matsogo a maleele le marokgwe a maleele

• Dirisa sebolaya menang

• Nna kgakala le mafelo a a nang le batho ba bantsi

• Nna mo mafelong a o ka kgonang go tswala difensetere mo go one le go tswalela menang kwa ntle

• Fa o tshwarwa ke letshoroma morago ga go boela kwa gae, bolelela ngaka kwa o neng o ile gone

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 17]

Mofuta wa “Aedes aegypti,” monang o o tsamaisang bolwetse jwa “dengue”

Mafelo a “dengue” e tlhasetseng thata mo go one bosheng jaana

Mafelo a a leng mo kotsing ya leroborobo la “dengue”

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]

Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1997

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC

[Ditshwantsho mo go tsebe 18]

Mafelo a o ka nnang wa ata mo go one ke (1) dithaere tse di sa dirisiweng, (2) meedi ya pula, (3) dipitsa tsa dithunya, (4) dikgamelo kana medutwana e mengwe, (5) meteme e e latlhilweng, (6) difaki

[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 17]

© Dr. Leonard E. Munstermann/Fran Heyl Associates, NYC