A Kereke ya Pele E Ne E Ruta Gore Modimo Ke Tharonngwe?
Karolo 3—A Balwelatumelo Ba Ne Ba Ruta Thuto ya Tharonngwe?
Tora ya Tebelo mo ditokololong tsa yone tsa November 1, 1991, le February 1, 1992, e ne ya bontsha gore thuto ya Tharonngwe e ne e sa rutiwe ke Jesu le barutwa ba gagwe lefa e le ke Borara ba Seaposetoloi ba kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga le kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo la bobedi la dingwaga C.E. A baruti ba ile ba e ruta moragonyana mo lekgolong la bobedi la dingwaga?
GO TSWA fela gaufi le bogare jwa lekgolo la bobedi la dingwaga la Motlha wa Rona O O Tlwaelegileng go ya kwa bokhutlong jwa one, go ne go na le baruti bao gompieno ba bidiwang Balwelatumelo. Ba ne ba kwala ba femela Bokeresete jo ba neng ba bo itse ba bo femela mo botlhalefing jo bo neng bo atile mo Roma ka nako eo. Mekwalo ya bone e ne ya tla gaufi le kwa bokhutlong jwa mekwalo ya Borara ba Seaposetoloi le morago ga yone.
Bangwe ba Balwelatumelo bao ba neng ba kwala ka Segerika e ne e le Justin Martyr, Tatian, Athenagoras, Theophilus, le Clement wa Alexandria. Tertullian e ne e le Molwelatumelo yo o neng a kwala ka Selatine. A ba ne ba ruta Tharonngwe ya Labokeresete jaaka e ntse gompieno—batho ba bararo ba ba lekanang (Rara, Morwa, le Moya O O Boitshepo) e le Modimo o o ditlhogo di tharo, nngwe le nngwe ya tsone e le Modimo wa boammaaruri, mme lefa go ntse jalo e se Medimo e meraro e le Modimo o le mongwe fela?
“Morwa O Mmotlana”
Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya A Short History of the Early Church, Dr. H. R. Boer o akgela jaana ka seo dithuto tsa Balwelatumelo di neng di bolela ka sone:
“Justin [Martyr] o ne a ruta gore pele lefatshe le bopiwa Modimo o ne o le osi le gore Morwa o ne a seyo. . . . Fa Modimo o ne o batla go bopa lefatshe, . . . o ne wa bopa setshedi sengwe sa bomodimo gore se mmopele lefatshe. Setshedi seno sa bomodimo se ne se bidiwa . . . Morwa ka gonne o ne a tsholwa; o ne a bidiwa Logos ka gonne o ne a tswa mo Tlhaloganyong kana mo Mogopolong wa Modimo. . . .
“Ka jalo Justin le Balwelatumelo ba bangwe ba ne ba ruta gore Morwa ke sebopiwa. Ke sebopiwa sa maemo a a kwa godimo, sebopiwa se se nonofileng mo e leng gore se kgona go bopa lefatshe, mme lefa go ntse jalo, e ntse e le sebopiwa. Mo thutabodumeding kamano eno e e fa gare ga Morwa le Rara e bidiwa go nna kafa tlase ga taolo ya mongwe. Morwa o kafa tlase ga taolo ya ga Rara, ke gore o tla kwa morago ga gagwe, o ikaegile ka ene ebile o dirilwe ke ene. Balwelatumelo ba ne ba dumela gore o kafa tlase ga taolo ya mongwe.”1
Mo bukeng ya The Formation of Christian Dogma, Dr. Martin Werner o bolela jaana kaga tsela eo kamano fa gare ga Morwa le Modimo e neng e tlhaloganngwa ka yone pele:
“Kamano eo e ne e tlhaloganngwa kwantle ga dipelaelo dipe e le ya ‘go nna kafa tlase ga taolo ya mongwe,’ ke gore ka tlhaloganyo ya gore Keresete o kafa tlase ga taolo ya Modimo. Gongwe le gongwe koo kamano fa gare ga Jesu le Modimo, Rara e umakiwang gone mo Tesetamenteng E Ntšha, . . . e akanngwa e bo e tlhalosiwa gotlhelele e le gore mongwe o kafa tlase ga taolo ya yo mongwe. Mme Motho yo go senang pelaelo epe gore ke ene yo o kafa tlase ga taolo mo Tesetamenteng E Ntšha, go ya ka rekoto e e mo Dibukeng tsa yone tsa ntlha tse tharo, e ne e le Jesu ka boene . . . Boemo jono jwa ntlha, bo ntse bo nonofile ebile bo le pepenene jalo, bo ne jwa kgona go nna bo ntse bo le gone ka lobaka lo loleele. ‘Baruti botlhe ba bagolo ba ba neng ba le gone pele ga lekgotla la Nicaea ba ne ba tlhalosa gore Logos o kafa tlase ga taolo ya Modimo.’”2
R. P. C. Hanson o dumelana le seno ka go tlhalosa jaana mo bukeng ya gagwe ya The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God:
“Ga go na moruti ope wa Kereke ya Botlhaba kana ya Bophirima wa pele ga Kganetsano ya ga Arius [ka lekgolo la bone la dingwaga], yo ka tsela nngwe a sa lebeng Morwa a le kafa tlase ga taolo ya ga Rara.”3
Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya The Church of the First Three Centuries, Dr. Alvan Lamson o oketsa ka bosupi jono malebana le dithuto tsa bagogi ba kereke ba pele ga Lekgotla la Nicaea (325 C.E.):
“Borara ba pele ga lekgotla la Nicaea ka kakaretso, fa e se botlhe, ba ne ba gatelela gore Morwa o mmotlana . . . Go ya ka tsela eo ba neng ba tlhalosa ka yone ka phepafalo gore Morwa o mmotlana mo go Rara go bonala sentle gore ba ne ba mo leba a farologane le ene. . . . Ba ne ba mo tsaya a farologane ebile a le kafa tlase ga taolo ya gagwe.”4
Ka mo go tshwanang, Robert M. Grant o bolela jaana kaga Balwelatumelo mo bukeng ya Gods and the One God:
“Selo sa konokono mo mokgweng wa balwelatumelo wa go tlhalosa Keresete, fela jaaka o o dirisiwang mo Tesetamenteng E Ntšha, e ne e le gore yo mongwe o kafa tlase ga taolo ya yo mongwe. Ka dinako tsotlhe Morwa o kafa tlase ga taolo ya ga Rara, yo e leng ene Modimo o o osi wa Tesetamente E Kgologolo. . . . Ka jalo, seo re se fitlhelang mo bakwading bano ba bogologolo ga se thuto ya Tharonngwe . . . Pele ga lekgotla la Nicaea, bodumedi jo bo neng bo rutiwa mo Bokereseteng mo e batlileng e le gongwe le gongwe bo ne bo tlhalosa ka go nna kafa tlase ga taolo ya yo mongwe.”5
Tharonngwe ya Labokeresete e ruta gore Morwa o lekana le Modimo Rara ka go nna wa bosakhutleng, ka thata, ka maemo, le ka botlhale. Mme lefa go ntse jalo Balwelatumelo ba ne ba re Morwa o ne a sa lekane le Modimo Rara. Ba ne ba leba Morwa a le kafa tlase ga taolo ya gagwe. Thuto ya Tharonngwe ga e rute jalo.
Ba Ruta Thuto E E Tshwanang le ya Lekgolo la Ntlha la Dingwaga
Balwelatumelo le Borara ba bangwe ba pele ba Kereke ba ne ba ruta se se tshwanang thata le seo Bakeresete ba lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga ba neng ba se ruta kaga kamano e e fa gare ga Rara le Morwa. Ela tlhoko kafa seno se tlhalosiwang ka gone mo bukeng ya The Formation of Christian Dogma:
“Mo motlheng wa Bakeresete ba Pele go ne go sena sesupo sepe fela sa gore go na le bothata kana kgang kaga Tharonngwe, jaaka eo e neng ya tsosa dikgotlhang tse di masisi moragonyana mo Kerekeng. Kwantle ga pelaelo e ne e le ka gonne, mo Bokereseteng jwa Pele, Keresete e ne e le . . . setshedi sa lefatshe le le kwa godimo la baengele, yo o neng a bopilwe a bo a tlhophiwa ke Modimo gore a tle a dire tiro ya go tlisa, kwa bokhutlong jwa metlha, . . . Bogosi jwa Modimo.”6
The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia le yone e dumela jaana malebana le seo se neng se rutwa ke Borara ba pele ba Kereke:
“Kafa Kereke e neng e tsaya dilo ka gone pele go ne go tlwaetswe gore fa go buiwa ka Modimo Rara A tlhaloganngwe pele jaaka modiri wa ditshedi tsotlhe, eseng jaaka Rraagwe Jesu Keresete. Ka jalo, go ka twe Modimo Rara ke ene Modimo yo o kgonang dilo tsotlhe. Ke Ene a tlhalosiwang e le yo o senang tshimologo, yo o sa sweng, yo o ka se fetogeng, yo o sa kgoneng go tlhalosiwa, yo o ka se bonweng, ebile e le yo o sa bopiwang. Ke Ene a dirileng dilo tsotlhe pele go nna le sepe, go akaretsa le dilo tsa konokono tsa lobopo. . . .
“Seno se ka lebega se kaya gore Rara ke ene fela a tshwanelwang ke go nna Modimo mme Morwa le Moya ba tla kwa morago ga gagwe. Mafoko a pele a le mantsi a lebega a dumalana le seno.”7
Le mororo saetlopedia eno e tswelela pele e ganetsa mafoko ano a boammaaruri le go bolela gore thuto ya Tharonngwe e ne ya amogelwa mo lobakeng lone loo lwa pele, dintlha di ganetsa mafoko ao. Ela tlhoko mafoko a moruti yo o itsegeng wa Mokatoliki ebong Mokadinale John Henry Newman:
“A re dumeleng gore dithuto tsotlhe tse di buang kaga Morena wa rona, di ne di dumelwa ke Kereke ya Pele ka dinako tsotlhe ebile di sa fetoge . . . Mme lefa go ntse jalo tota ga go a nna jalo ka thuto ya Katoliki ya Tharonngwe. Ga ke bone gore ke ka tlhaloganyo efe go ka tweng [bagogi ba kereke] ba pele ba ne ba e amogela botlhe . . .
“Ditumelo tsa metlha eo ya pele ga di umake . . . [Tharonngwe] gotlhelele. Eleruri di umaka bangwe ba Bararo; mme lefa go ntse jalo ga di bolele sepe ebile ga go a fitlhelwa sepe mo go tsone se se bontshang gore go na le sengwe se se sa tlhaloganngweng ka thuto eno, gore Boraro jono bo Bongwefela, gore Ba a lekana, botlhe ba nnela ruri, botlhe ga ba a bopiwa, botlhe ba maatlaotlhe, botlhe ba ka se tlhaloganngwe.”8
Seo Justin Martyr A Neng A Se Ruta
Mongwe wa Balwelatumelo ba ntlhantlha e ne e le Justin Martyr, yo o neng a tshela mo e ka nnang go tloga ka 110 go ya go 165 C.E. Ga go epe ya mekwalo ya gagwe eo e santseng e le gone eo e umakang batho ba bararo ba ba lekanang mo Modimong o le mongwe fela.
Ka sekai, go ya ka The Jerusalem Bible ya Katoliki, Diane 8:22-30 e bolela jaana kaga Jesu fa a ise a nne motho: “Yahweh o mpopile fa a simolola go diragatsa boikaelelo jwa gagwe, pele a dira ditiro tsa gagwe tsa bogologolo. . . . Fa ke tsholwa, go ne go sena metsi a a boteng . . . Ke tshotswe pele dithaba di nna gone . . . Ke ne ke le fa thoko ga gagwe [Modimo], setswerere mo tirong.” Fa a bua ka ditemana tseno, Justin o bolela jaana go Dialogue With Trypho:
“Lokwalo lo ile lwa bolela gore Ngwana yono o ne a tsalwa ke Rara pele dilo tsotlhe di bopiwa; le gore se se tshotsweng se farologane gotlhelele le seo se tsholang, mongwe le mongwe a ka dumela seo.”9
Gone Justin o dirisa lefoko “Modimo” fa a bua kaga Morwa ka gonne Morwa o tshotswe a tswa mo Modimong. O bolela jaana mo bukeng ya gagwe ya First Apology: “Rara wa lobopo o na le Morwa; yo gape e leng Modimo ka gonne e le Lefoko yo o tsetsweng pele wa Modimo.”10 Bibela gape e bitsa Morwa Modimo ka sereto sa “Modimo.” Mo go Isaia 9:6 o bidiwa “Modimo Mothata.” Mme lefa go ntse jalo mo Bibeleng, baengele, batho, medimo ya maaka, le Satane le bone ba bidiwa “medimo.” (Baengele: Pesalema 8:5, NW; bapisa Bahebera 2:6, 7. Batho: Pesalema 82:6. Medimo ya maaka: Ekesodo 12:12; 1 Bakorintha 8:5. Satane: 2 Bakorintha 4:4.) Mo Dikwalong tsa Sehebera, lefoko le le ranotsweng “Modimo,” ʼEl, le raya fela gore “Yo o Maatla” kana “Yo o Nonofileng.” Lefoko le le tshwanang le lone mo Dikwalong tsa Segerika ke the·osʹ.
Mo godimo ga moo, lefoko la Sehebera le le dirisitsweng mo go Isaia 9:6 le bontsha pharologano ya mmatota fa gare ga Morwa le Modimo. Mo temaneng eo Morwa o bidiwa “Modimo Mothata,” ʼEl Gib·bohrʹ, eseng “Modimo, Mothata eotlhe.” Lefoko leo ka Sehebera ke ʼEl Shad·daiʹ mme le raya Jehofa Modimo fela.
Lefa go ntse jalo, ela tlhoko gore lefa Justin a bitsa Morwa a re “Modimo,” ga a ke a re Morwa ke mongwe wa batho ba bararo ba ba lekanang, mongwe le mongwe wa bone e le Modimo mme lefa go ntse jalo boraro jono bo bopa Modimo o le mongwe fela. Go na le moo, o bolela jaana mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Dialogue With Trypho:
“Go na le . . . Modimo o mongwe yo gape e leng Morena [Jesu fa a ise a nne motho] yo o kafa tlase ga Modiri wa dilo tsotlhe [Modimo Mothatayotlhe]; [Morwa] yo gape a bidiwang Moengele, ka gonne [Morwa] O itsise batho lefa e ka nna eng seo Modiri wa dilo tsotlhe—yo go senang Modimo ope o sele kwa godimo ga gagwe—a batlang go se ba itsise. . . .
“[Morwa] o farologane le Ene yo o dirileng dilo tsotlhe,—ke raya gore ke batho ba babedi ba ba farologaneng, mme ga ba [farologane] mo dilong tseo ba di ratang.”11
Go na le serapa se se kgatlhang mo bukeng ya ga Justin ya First Apology, kgaolo 6, koo a buelelang Bakeresete fa ba latofadiwa ke baheitane gore ga ba dumele gore Modimo o teng. O kwala jaana:
“Re obamela Ene [Modimo], le Morwa (yo o neng a tswa kwa go Ene a tla go re ruta dilo tse, le baengele ba bangwe ba bantsintsi ba ba molemo bao ba mo latelang ebile ba dirilwe jaaka Ene), le Moya o o tlhotlheletsang boperofeti ebile re a ba tlotla.”12
Mongwe yo o ranotseng serapa seno, Bernhard Lohse, o akgela jaana: “Justin ga a okaoke go umaka baengele pele ga fa a bua ka Moya o o Boitshepo, jaaka ekete go ne go sa lekana go bo a ne a boletse fa baengele e le ditshedi tse di tlotliwang le go obamelwa ke Bakeresete.”13—Bona gape le An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine.14
Ka jalo, lefa go lebega Justin Martyr a fapogile mo thutong e e itshekileng ya Bibela mo kgannyeng ya gore ke mang yo o tshwanetseng go obamelwa ke Mokeresete, go phepafetse gore o ne a sa lebe Morwa a lekana le Rara, fela jaaka go ne go sa tsewe gore baengele ba ne ba lekana le Ene. Re tsopola buka ya ga Lamson gape ya Church of the First Three Centuries malebana le Justin:
“Justin o ne a dumela fa Morwa a farologane le Modimo, ebile a le mmotlana mo go ene: a sa farologana le ene jaaka mogopolo wa segompieno o mo farologanya, gore ke mongwe wa batho bangwe ba bararo, . . . mme o farologane tota le ka botho jwa gagwe; o teng jaaka motho wa mmatota ka boene, a farologane le Modimo, yo o mo fileng maatla a gagwe otlhe le maina a gagwe; a beilwe kafa tlase ga gagwe, ebile a tshwanetse go dira dilo tsotlhe go ya kafa thatong ya gagwe. Rara o mogolo; Morwa o kafa tlase ga taolo ya gagwe: Rara ke motswedi wa maatla; Morwa wa a amogela: Rara o simolola dilo; Morwa, jaaka modihedi wa gagwe kana sedirisiwa sa gagwe, o diragatsa seo a se simolotseng. Ba babedi ka palo, mme ba a dumalana, kana ba bangwe fela mo go se ba se batlang; Morwa a ntse a laolwa ke se Rara a se batlang.”15
Mo godimo ga moo, ga go na gope koo Justin a bolelang gore moya o o boitshepo ke motho yo o lekanang le Rara le Morwa gone. Ka jalo re ka se ke re bolele ka boikanyegi ka kgopolo epe fela gore Justin o ne a ruta Tharonngwe e e rutiwang mo go Labokeresete gompieno.
Seo Clement A Neng A Se Ruta
Clement wa Alexandria (mo e ka nnang ka 150 go ya go 215 C.E.) le ene o bitsa Morwa a re “Modimo.” Gape o mmitsa “Mmopi,” lefoko leo le iseng le ko le dirisiwe mo Bibeleng go raya Jesu. A o ne a raya gore Morwa o ne a lekana le Mmopi yo o maatla otlhe ka ditsela tsotlhe? Nnyaa. Kwantle ga pelaelo Clement o ne a bua kaga Johane 1:3, koo e bolelang jaana kaga Morwa: “Dilō cotlhe di bopilwe ka èna.”16 Modimo o ne a dirisa Morwa jaaka morongwa mo dilong tseo A neng a di bopa.—Bakolosa 1:15-17.
Clement o bitsa Modimo O Mogolo a re “Modimo le Rra Morena wa rona Jesu”17 a bo a bolela gore “Morena ke Morwa Mmopi.”18 Gape a re: “Modimo wa botlhe ke Mmopi mongwe yo o molemo, yo o tshiamo fela, mme Morwa [o] mo go Rara.”19 Ka jalo o ne a kwala gore Morwa o na le Modimo o o kwa godimo ga gagwe.
Clement o bolela gore Modimo ke “ene wa ntlha ebile ke ene fela yo o abang botshelo jo bo sa khutleng, jo Morwa, yo o bo amogetseng mo go Ene [Modimo], a bo re nayang.”20 Go phepafetse gore Monei wa ntlha wa botshelo jo bo sa khutleng o feta yo go ka tweng o bo fetisetsa mo go ba bangwe. Ka jalo, Clement o bolela gore Modimo “ke ene wa ntlha, ebile ke ene wa maemo a a kwa godimodimo.”21 Mo godimo ga moo, o bolela gore Morwa “ke ene a leng gaufiufi le Ene yo e leng ene fela Mothatayotlhe” le gore Morwa o “rulaganya dilo tsotlhe go dumalana le thato ya ga Rara.”22 Clement o bontsha gangwe le gape kafa Modimo Mothatayotlhe a leng mogolo ka gone mo go Morwa.
Malebana le Clement wa Alexandria, re bala jaana mo bukeng ya The Church of the First Three Centuries:
“Re ka tsopola dirapa di le dintsi tse mo go tsone Clement a bolelang ka phepafalo gore Morwa o mmotlana. . . .
“Re gakgamadiwa ke gore a go a kgonega gore mongwe a ka bala mafoko a ga Clement a a etse tlhoko fela ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng, go tswa foo a bo a akanya gore o ne a leba Morwa a tshwana—a le mongwe fela—le Rara. Botho jwa gagwe jwa go nna kafa tlase ga taolo le go nna mmotlana, jaaka a lebega a ntse mo go rona, bo bonala gongwe le gongwe. Clement o ne a dumela gore Modimo le Morwa ke batho ba babedi ba ba farologaneng; ka mafoko a mangwe, ditshedi di le pedi,—se sengwe se le segolo, se sengwe se le kafa tlase ga taolo ya se segolo.”23
Mo godimo ga moo, gape go ka nna ga twe: Lefa Clement ka dinako tse dingwe go lebega a bua le dilo tse di seong mo Bibeleng kaga Jesu, ga go na gope koo a buang kaga Tharonngwe e e dirilweng ka batho ba bararo ba ba lekanang mo Modimong o le mongwe fela. Balwelatumelo ba ba tshwanang le Tatian, Theophilus, le Athenagoras, bao ba neng ba tshela mo motlheng o o fa gare ga wa ga Justin le wa ga Clement, ba ne ba leba kgang eno ka tsela e e ntseng jalo. Lamson o bolela gore ba ne ba “sa dumele Tharonngwe fela jaaka Justin ka boene; ke gore, ba ne ba sa dumele mo Borarong jo bo pataganeng, jo bo lekanang, mme ba ne ba ruta thuto e e neng e farologane gotlhegotlhe le tumelo eno.”24
Thutabodumedi ya ga Tertullian
Tertullian (mo e ka nnang ka 160 go ya go 230 C.E.) e ne e le ene motho wa ntlha go dirisa lefoko la Selatine la trinitas. Jaaka Henry Chadwick a boletse, Tertullian o ne a akantsha gore Modimo ke ‘setshedi se le sengwe se se dirilweng ka batho ba le bararo.’25 Lefa go ntse jalo, seno ga se reye gore o ne a gopotse batho ba bararo ba ba lekanang ebile e le ba ba nnelang ruri. Lefa go ntse jalo, megopolo ya gagwe e ne ya dirisiwa moragonyana ke bakwadi ba ba neng ba tlhama thuto ya Tharonngwe.
Kgopolo ya ga Tertullian kaga Rara, Morwa, le moya o o boitshepo e ne e farologane gotlhelele le Tharonngwe ya Labokeresete, ka gonne o ne a dumela gore yo mongwe o kafa tlase ga taolo ya yo mongwe. O ne a dumela gore Morwa o kafa tlase ga Rara. O kwadile jaana mo bukeng ya Against Hermogenes:
“Ga re a tshwanela go akanya gore go na le setshedi sengwe se sele kwantle ga Modimo o le nosi se se sa tsalwang ebile se sa bopiwa. . . . Go ka direga jang gore sengwe, kwantle ga Rara, se bo se le segolo, mme mo kgannyeng eno se bile se le molemo go gaisa Morwa Modimo, Lefoko yo o tsetsweng a le esi ebile a le motsalwapele? . . . [Modimo] o o sa kang wa tlhoka Modiri gore a dire gore a nne gone, o tla bo a le mogolo thata ka maemo go feta [Morwa] yo o neng a nna le mongwe yo o neng a dira gore a nne teng.”26
Gape, mo go Against Praxeas, o bontsha gore Morwa o farologane le Modimo Mothatayotlhe ebile o kafa tlase ga gagwe ka go re:
“Rara o feletse ka boene, mme lefa go ntse jalo Morwa o tswa mo go ene ebile ke karolo ya se se feletseng, fela jaaka Ene ka Boene a bolela: ‘Rara o mogolo bogolo go nna.’ . . . Ka jalo Rara o farologane le Morwa, o mogolo go Morwa, fela jaaka yo O tsalang a le mongwe fela, yo O tsalwang e le mongwe o sele; Ene yo o romang, le ene o mongwe fela, mme yo O rongwang ke mongwe o sele; gape yo O dirang o mongwe fela, mme yo selo se dirwang ka Ene ke mongwe o sele.”27
Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Against Hermogenes, Tertullian o bolela gape gore go ne go na le nako eo ka yone Morwa a neng a seo jaaka motho, se se bontshang gore o ne a sa akanye gore Morwa ke setshedi se se nnelang ruri fela jaaka Modimo.28 Mokadinale Newman o ne a re: “Tertullian o tshwanetse go tsewa e le moganetsatumelo e e tlwaelegileng [a dumela dithuto tse di sa tlhomiwang] fa go tliwa mo thutong ya gore Morena o tsetswe ka bosenangtshimologo.”29 Lamson o bolela jaana malebana le Tertullian:
“Tlhaloganyo eno, kana Logos, jaaka Bagerika ba ne ba mmitsa, e ne ya re moragonyana, jaaka fa Tertullian a ne a dumela, a fetoga go nna Lefoko, kana Morwa, ke gore, a nna setshedi sa mmatota, yo o neng a le gone go tloga bosasimologeng jaaka karolo fela ya ga Rara. Lefa go ntse jalo, Tertullian o ne a mo neela maemo a gore o kafa tlase ga taolo ya ga Rara . . .
“Fa go atlholwa go ya ka tlhaloso epe fela ya Tharonngwe eo e amogelwang ke ba le bantsi gompieno, boiteko jwa go sireletsa Tertullian gore a se ka a atlholwa [jaaka moikeodi] bo ne bo ka se solofetse gore bo ka atlega. O ne a ka se ke a kgone go itshokela go lekwa lefa e le ka nakwana fela.”30
Ga Go Na Tharonngwe
Fa o ne o ka bala mafoko otlhe a Balwelatumelo, o ne o tla bona gore lefa mo dilong tse dingwe ba ne ba fapoga mo dithutong tsa Bibela, ga go ope wa bone yo o neng a ruta gore Rara, Morwa, le moya o o boitshepo ba ne ba lekana ka go nna ba bosakhutleng, ka thata, ka maemo, le ka botlhale.
Go ntse jalo gape le ka bakwadi ba bangwe ba lekgolo la bobedi le la boraro la dingwaga, ba ba tshwanang le Irenaeus, Hippolytus, Origen, Cyprian, le Novatian. Lefa bangwe ba bone ba ne ba re Rara le Morwa ba lekana mo dilong dingwe, mo dilong tse dingwe ba ne ba leba Morwa a le kafa tlase ga taolo ya Modimo Rara. Ebile ga go ope wa bone yo o neng le go akanya a akanya gore moya o o boitshepo o ne o lekana le Rara le Morwa. Ka sekai, Origen (mo e ka nnang ka 185 go ya go 254 C.E.) o bolela gore Morwa Modimo ke “Motsalwapele wa lobopo lotlhe” le gore Dikwalo “di Mo itse e le ene wa bogologolo go gaisa dilo tsotlhe tse di bopilweng.”31
Mekwalo ya bagogi bano ba kereke ba bogologolo fa e balwa fela kwantle ga dikakanyo dipe di sele e bontsha gore thuto ya Tharonngwe ya Labokeresete e ne e seyo mo metlheng ya bone. Jaaka fa The Church of the First Three Centuries e bolela:
“Thuto e e dumelwang ke ba le bantsi gompieno ya Tharonngwe . . . ga e tshegediwe ka gope ke se se kwadilweng ke Justin: ebile go ka bolelwa jalo le ka Borara botlhe ba pele ga lekgotla la Nicaea; ke gore, go bakwadi botlhe ba Bakeresete ba ba neng ba kwala makgolo a mararo a dingwaga morago ga botsalo jwa ga Keresete. Ke boammaaruri, ba bua kaga Rara, Morwa, Moya o o tlhotlheletsang boperofeti kana o o boitshepo, mme ga ba bue kaga bone jaaka ekete ba a lekana, lefa e le gore ke setshedi se le sengwe fela, lefa e le gore ke Boraro mo Bongweng, ka tsela epe fela eo Batho ba ba dumelang Tharonngwe ba e tlhalosang ka yone. Boammaaruri bo farologane fela thata le seo. Se se botlhokwa ke gore thuto ya Tharonngwe, jaaka fa e tlhalosiwa ke Borara bano, e ne e farologane le thuto e e rutiwang jaanong. Re bolela boammaaruri jono jaaka jo bo ka se keng jwa bonwa phoso fela jaaka boammaaruri bope mo hisitoring ya fa batho ba ntsha mekgopolo ya bone.”32
Ebile tota, Tharonngwe ga e ise e ko e bo e umakiwe pele ga ga Tertullian. Mme Tharonngwe ya ga Tertullian e e leng “kgatlhanong le thuto e e tlwaelegileng” e ne e farologane fela thata le eo e dumelwang gompieno. Ka jalo, thuto ya Tharonngwe jaaka fa e tlhaloganngwa gompieno e simologile jang? A ke kwa Lekgotleng la Nicaea ka 325 C.E.? Re tla tlhatlhoba dipotso tseno go Karolo 4 ya motseletsele ono mo tokololong e e santseng e tla tla ya Tora ya Tebelo.
Ditshupiso:
1. A Short History of the Early Church, e e kwadilweng ke Harry R. Boer, 1976, tsebe 110.
2. The Formation of Christian Dogma, e e kwadilweng ke Martin Werner, 1957, tsebe 125.
3. The Search for the Christian Doctrine of God, e e kwadilweng ke R. P. C. Hanson, 1988, tsebe 64.
4. The Church of the First Three Centuries, e e kwadilweng ke Alvan Lamson, 1869, ditsebe 70-1.
5. Gods and the One God, e e kwadilweng ke Robert M. Grant, 1986, ditsebe 109, 156, le 160.
6. The Formation of Christian Dogma, tsebe 122, le 125.
7. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1982, Bolumo 2, tsebe 513.
8. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, e e kwadilweng ke Mokadinale John Henry Newman, Kgatiso ya Borataro, 1989, ditsebe 14-18.
9. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, e e gatisitsweng ke Alexander Roberts le James Donaldson, Kgatiso e Ntšha ya Amerika ya Kgatiso ya Edinburgh, 1885, Bolumo I, tsebe 264.
10. Ibid., tsebe 184.
11. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Bolumo 1, tsebe 223.
12. Ibid., tsebe 164.
13. A Short History of Christian Doctrine, e e kwadilweng ke Bernhard Lohse, e ranotswe go tswa mo Sejeremaneng ke F. Ernest Stoeffler, 1963, kgatiso ya bobedi ya khabara e e seng thata, 1980, tsebe 43.
14. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, tsebe 20.
15. The Church of the First Three Centuries, ditsebe 73-4, 76.
16. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Bolumo II, tsebe 234.
17. Ibid., tsebe 227.
18. Ibid., tsebe 228.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid., tsebe 593.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., tsebe 524.
23. The Church of the First Three Centuries, tsebe 124-5.
24. Ibid., tsebe 95.
25. The Early Church, e e kwadilweng ke Henry Chadwick, kgatiso ya 1980, tsebe 89.
26. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Bolumo III, tsebe 487.
27. Ibid., ditsebe 603-4.
28. Ibid., tsebe 478.
29. An Essay on the Development of Christian Doctrine, tsebe 19, le 20.
30. The Church of the First Three Centuries, ditsebe 108-9.
31. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Bolumo IV, tsebe 560.
32. The Church of the First Three Centuries, ditsebe 75-6.
[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 27]
Clement
[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]
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[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 28]
Tertullian
[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]
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