Tshela Nako e Telelenyana o Ntse o Ikutlwa Botoka

AKANYA botshelo jwa motho e le kgaisano ya sekgala se seleele ya bothubalobelo e go tlolwang maparego mo go yone—kgaisano ya bothubalobelo e mo go yone batabogi ba tlang ba tlola dikgoreletsi dingwe. Batabogi botlhe ba simolola lobelo lono mmogo; le fa go ntse jalo fa ba ntse ba tlola dikgoreletsi tseno mme gangwe le gape ba tsamaya ba kgopiwa ke tse dingwe, ba simolola go iketla mme bontsi jwa bone bo a tlogela.

Ka mo go tshwanang, botshelo jwa motho bo na le mo bo simologang teng mme bo tsamaya bo nna le maparego a a kwa godimo mo go jone. Fa motho a ntse a tshela o lebana le maparego ano ka go latelana ga one. Nako le nako fa a ntse a a tlola o a koafala, mme fa nako e ntse e tsamaya o a ineela. Fa maparego ano a ntse a nna magolo thata, o tlogela ka bonako, kgotsa o a swa. Fa motho a tshela mo dinageng tse di tlhabologileng o tlogela mo e ka nnang fa a le dingwaga di le 75. Paka eno e bidiwa lobaka lo lo tlwaelegileng lwa botshelo jwa motho—lo lekana le sekgala se batabogi ba le bantsi ba se tabogang.a (Bapisa Pesalema 90:10.) Le fa go ntse jalo, batho ba bangwe ba kgona go taboga lobaka lo loleelenyana, mme ba le mmalwa ba kgona go fitlhelela se go akanngwang e le setlhoa sa lobaka lwa go tshela ga motho, dingwaga di le 115 go ya go di le 120—e leng selo se se diregang sewelo jaana mo e leng gore fa se direga go buiwa ka sone mo dikgannyeng tsa lefatshe.

Go Lemoga Maparego Ano

Gompieno batho ba kgona go nna lobaka lo lo menaganeng sebedi mo lobelong lono, go feta jaaka ba ne ba dira kwa tshimologong ya lekgolo leno lwa dingwaga. Ka ntlha yang? Thatathata ke ka gonne motho a kgonne go isa maparego ano kwa tlase. Le fa go ntse jalo, maparego ano ke eng? Mme a a ne a ka se ka a isiwa kwa tlase go feta fa a leng gone?

Mankge mongwe yo o itseng go le gontsi ka ga go itekanela ga batho wa World Health Organization (WHO) o ne a tlhalosa gore mangwe a maparego a magolo, kgotsa mabaka, a a amang lobaka lo motho a lebeletsweng go lo tshela ke mekgwa ya batho, tikologo le kalafi.b Ka jalo fa mekgwa ya gago ya botshelo e le molemo, le tikologo e o nnang mo go yone e itekanetse, e bile o bona kalafi e e botoka, seno se ka dira gore maparego ano a ye kwa tlasenyana mme o ka kgona go tshela lobaka lo loleelenyana. Le fa maemo a batho a farologana fela thata, mo e ka nnang mongwe le mongwe—go simolola ka motsamaisi wa banka kwa Sydney go ya go motho yo o rekisang mo diterateng tsa São Paulo—a ka dira sengwe go isa maparego ano kwa tlase mo botshelong jwa gagwe. Ba ka dira seno jang?

Mekgwa e e Amang Botshelo Jwa Gago

The New England Journal of Medicine e bega jaana: “Batho ba ba itlwaeditseng go boloka mebele ya bone e itekanetse sentle ga ba tshele lobaka lo loleele fela, mme gape seno se ba thusa gore fa nako ya bone ya go palelwa thata e fitlha ba bo ba le mo dingwageng tse di kwa godimo thata tsa botsofe.” Ruri leparego leno la ntlha le ka isiwa kwa tlase ka go fetola mekgwa ya go ja, ya go nwa, ya go robala, ya go goga le ya go ikatisa. Ka sekai, akanya fela ka mekgwa ya go ikatisa.

Mekgwa ya go ikatisa. Go ikatisa ka tsela e e lekalekaneng go ka solegela motho molemo thata. (Bona lebokoso “O Tshwanetse go Ikatisa go le Kana Kang le Gone Jang?”) Dipatlisiso di bontsha gore go ikatisanyana fela go go sa reng sepe gaufi le mo gae, go thusa batho ba ba godileng, go akaretsa le ba ba ‘setseng ba tsofetse thata’ gore ba boe gape ba nne le maatla le go nna ba le tlhaga. Ka sekai, setlhopha sengwe sa batho ba ba tsofetseng ba ba leng gareng ga dingwaga di le 72 le di le 98 ba fitlhetse gore, morago ga dibeke di le lesome fela tsa go ikatisa ka go tsholetsa ditshipi, ba ne ba kgona go tsamaya ka bonako le go palama ditepisi motlhofo fela. Mme seno ga se gakgamatse le e seng! Diteko tse di neng tsa dirwa morago ga gore batho bano ba ikatise di bontshitse gore mesifa ya bone e ne e nonofile gabedi go feta jaaka e ne e ntse pele. Setlhopha se sengwe sa batho ba basadi ba ba sa direng sepe, ba dingwaga di ka nna 70, se ne se ikatisa gabedi mo bekeng. Morago ga ngwaga mesifa ya bone e ne e nonofile, gape ba na le maatla, ba kgona go ema, le marapo a bone a tiile. Moitse mongwe wa kafa mmele o dirang ka gone e bong Mirriam Nelson yo a neng a tshwere dipatlisiso tseno o ne a re: “Fa re ne re simolola, re ne re tshogile gore gongwe re tlile go gagolaka malokololo, ditshika le mesifa ya bone. Mme go na le moo ba ne ba nna batho ba ba nonofileng thata le ba ba itekanetseng thata.”

Bukathuto nngwe fa e sobokanya dipholo tsa dipatlisiso di le mmalwa tsa saense kaga botsofe le go ikatisa, ya re: “Go ikatisa go thusa motho gore a se tsofale ka bonako, go dira gore a tshele lobaka lo loleelenyana mme go dira gore a se ka a nna morwalo mo go ba bangwe ka lobaka lo loleele, e leng selo se gantsi se diregang pele ga motho a swa.”

Mekgwa ya go katisa tlhaloganyo. Seane se se reng “E dirise go seng jalo e tla go latlhegela,” go bonala se sa dire mo mesifeng fela mme gape se dira le mo tlhaloganyong. Le fa batho ba ba tsofetseng ba na le go nna ba lebala, dipatlisiso tse di neng di tshwerwe ke National Institute on Aging ya United States, di bontsha gore boboko jwa motho yo o tsofetseng bo kgona go nna bo le matlhagatlhaga mo bo kgonang go lepalepana le ditlamorago tsa botsofe. Dr. Antonio R. Damasio yo e leng porofesa wa thuto ya boboko o fetsa ka go re: “Batho ba ba tsofetseng ba ka kgona go tswelela ba tshela ba na le boboko jo bo dirang sentle le jo bo itekanetseng sentle.” Ke eng se se dirang gore boboko jwa motho yo o tsofetseng bo nne bo ntse bo le matlhagatlhaga?

Boboko bo na le disele, kgotsa dinyurone di le dimilione di le dikete di le 100 le dibilione tsa ditshikana tse di lomaganyang dinyurone tseno. Ditshikana tseno tse di lomaganyang, di tshwana le megala ya difouno e e thusang dinyurone tseno go “buisana,” gore, gareng ga tse dingwe, e bope megopolo. Fa boboko bo ntse bo tsofala, dinyurone tseno le tsone di a swa. (Bona lebokoso la “Go Tlhatlhoba Disele Tsa Boboko Sesha.”) Le fa go ntse jalo boboko jo bo tsofetseng bo kgona go nna bo dira le fa go na le nyurone nngwe e e suleng. Fa go direga gore nyurone nngwe e swe, tse dingwe tse di mabapi di lomagana sesha le dinyurone tse dingwe mme di simolole go dira tiro e e neng e dirwa ke nyurone e e suleng. Ka jalo, boboko bo tsaya boikarabelo jwa tiro nngwe e e tshwanetseng go dirwa bo bo tlosa mo karolong e nngwe ya boboko bo bo isa kwa go e nngwe. Ka jalo he, batho ba le bantsi ba ba tsofetseng ba kgona go dirisa boboko jwa bone jaaka ba basha ba bo dirisa, le fa bone ba dirisa dikarolo tse di farologaneng tsa boboko. Ka tsela nngwe, boboko jwa motho yo o tsofetseng bo batla bo tshwana le motshameki wa thenese yo o godileng, yo, ka gonne a sa tlhole a na le lobelo lo lo tshwanang le lwa pele, a dirisang mathaithai ao batshameki ba basha ba se nang one. Le fa go ntse jalo, le fa motshameki yono yo o godileng a dirisa mathaithai a a sa tshwaneng le a batho bano ba basha, o sa ntse a kgona go tlhaba dintlha.

Ke eng se batho ba ba tsofetseng ba ka se dirang go boloka boboko jwa bone bo dira sentle? Mmatlisisi mongwe yo o ithutang ka botsofe le mathata a batsofe e bong Dr. Marilyn Albert, e rile a sena go dira dipatlisiso ka batho ba feta 1 000 ba dingwaga tse di magareng ga di le 70 le di le 80, o ne a fitlhela gore go katisa tlhaloganyo ke nngwe ya dilo tse di bontshang gore ke batho bafe ba ba tsofetseng ba ba tla kgonang go tswelela ba dirisa tlhaloganyo ya bone sentle. (Bona lebokoso “Go Boloka Tlhaloganyo ya Gago e Tlhagafetse.”) Go katisa tlhaloganyo go boloka ‘megala ya difouno’ ya boboko e ntse e dira sentle. Kafa letlhakoreng le lengwe bomankge ba re boboko bo simolola go se dire sentle “fa batho ba tlogela tiro, ba batla go iketla, mme ba re ga ba tlhole ba tlhoka go lepalepana le maemo a lefatshe.”—Inside the Brain.

Monna mongwe yo o ithutang ka botsofe le mathata a batsofe e bong Dr. Jack Rowe a re ka jalo dikgang tse di monate ke gore “mabaka a re kgonang go a laola kgotsa a re ka kgonang go a fetola a tshwanetse go re thusa go atlega fa re tsofetse.” Mo godimo ga moo, le ka motlha ga go na go tsamaya go nna thari go simolola go nna le mekgwa e mentle. Mmatlisisi mongwe a re: “Le fa gongwe ka nako e ntsi ya botshelo jwa gago o ntse o se na mekgwa e mentle ya boitekanelo mme o bo o fetoga moragonyana, o sa ntse o ka kgona go bona maduo mangwe a mantle a go nna le mokgwa o o siameng wa go tshela.”

Tikologo E a Go Ama

Fa ngwana wa mosetsana a ne a ka tsholwa gompieno kwa Lontone, mme a bo a isiwa go ya go tshela kwa Lontone wa Metlha ya Bogare o ne a tla tshela lobaka lo lo kwa tlase ga halofo lwa lo a neng a tla lo tshela mo Lontone wa metlha ya gompieno. Phetogo eno e ne e se kitla e bakwa ke go fetoga ga tshoganyetso ga seemo se mosetsana yono a leng mo go sone, mme go na le moo e ne e tla bakwa ke go tlhatlosiwa ga maparego a mangwe a mabedi—e leng tikologo le kalafi. Santlha, akanya ka tikologo.

Tikologo. Mo nakong e e fetileng tikologo ya motho—ka sekai, legae la gagwe—e ne e le lefelo le le kotsi thata mo botsogong jwa motho. Le fa go ntse jalo dikotsi tse di bakwang ke tikologo di fokoditswe fela thata mo masomeng a bosheng jaana a dingwaga. Thulaganyo e e tokafaditsweng ya go tlosa leswe, metsi a a phepa, le go fokodiwa ga ditshenekegi mo ntlong go tokafaditse tikologo e motho a tshelang mo go yone, ga tokafatsa botsogo jwa gagwe, mme ga lelefatsa le botshelo jwa gagwe. Ka lebaka la seno, mo dikarolong di le dintsi tsa lefatshe batho jaanong ba kgona go tshela lobaka lo loleelenyana.c Le fa go ntse jalo go isa leparego leno kwa tlase ga go felele fela ka go tsenya dipeipi tsa metsi mo ntlong. Gape go tlhoka gore o boloke tikologo e ntle ya loago le ya bodumedi.

Tikologo ya loago. Tikologo ya gago ya loago e bopiwa ke batho—ba o tshelang le bone, o berekang le bone, o jang le bone, o obamelang le bone le go tshameka le bone. Tikologo ya gago e a tokafala fa o kgona go bona metsi a a phepa; ka mo go tshwanang, tikologo ya gago ya loago e ka tokafala fa, gareng ga tse dingwe, o na le ditsala tse di molemo thata. Fa o kgona go itumela le go hutsafala mmogo le batho ba bangwe, o kgona go ba bolelela ka ditoro tsa gago le ditlhobaelo tsa gago, seno se isa leparego leno la tikologo kwa tlase mme se go thusa go taboga sekgala se seleelenyana.

Le fa go ntse jalo, go dira dilo ka tsela e e farologaneng le eno le gone go go ama ka tsela e sele. Go tlhoka ditsala go ka dira gore motho a jewe ke bodutu mme a nne a itlhaotse mo bathong. O simolola go tlhora fa o nna o sa utlwe mafoko a a bontshang go go kgathalela go tswa mo bathong ba bangwe. Mosadi mongwe yo o nnang kwa legaeng la batsofe o ne a bua jaana fa a ne a kwalela tsala ya gagwe lekwalo: “Ke na le dingwaga di le 82 mme ke ntse ke le mo legaeng leno la batsofe ka dingwaga di le 16 tse ditelele. Ba re tshwere sentle fano, mme lefa go ntse jalo ka dinako tse dingwe motho o jewa ke bodutu thata.” Maswabi ke gore, go na le batsofe ba le bantsi ba ba iphitlhelang ba le mo seemong se se tshwanang le sa mosadi yono, segolo jang kwa mafatsheng a Bophirima. Gantsi ba nna mo tikologong ya batho ba ba kgonang go ba itshokela mme lefa go ntse jalo ba sa ba anaanele. Ka ntlha ya moo, “go jewa ke bodutu ke lengwe la mabaka a magolo thata a a nnang a tshosetsa botsogo jwa batho ba ba tsofetseng mo mafatsheng a a tlhabologileng,” go rialo James Calleja wa International Institute on Ageing.

Ke boammaaruri gore o ka nna wa se ka wa kgona go tlosa maemo a a dirang gore o jewe ke bodutu—a a jaaka go patelelwa go tlogela tiro, go se tlhole o kgona go tsamaya jaaka o ne o tle o dire pele, go latlhegelwa ke ditsala tsa gago tsa bogologolo kgotsa go swelwa ke molekane wa lenyalo—le fa go ntse jalo o sa ntse o ka dira sengwe go dira gore leparego leno le nne bogodimo jo o ka kgonang go bo fitlhelela. Santlha, o tshwanetse go gakologelwa gore botsofe ga se jone jo bo dirang gore o jewe ke bodutu; basha bangwe ba a tle ba jewe ke bodutu le bone. Go tsofala ga se gone go bakang bothata—go nna o itlhaotse mo bathong ke gone go bo bakang. O ka dirang go lwantsha go nna o itlhaotse mo bathong?

Motlholagadi mongwe yo o tsofetseng o gakolola jaana: “Dira gore batho ba itumelele go nna le wena. Ga se batho ba le bantsi ba ba itumelelang go nna le motho yo o tlholang a ngongoregetse ruri. O tlhoka go leka ka natla gore o nne o itumetse. Ke boammaaruri gore go dira jalo go tlhoka matsapa eleruri, me le fa go ntse jalo matsapa ape a o a tsayang a tla go solegela molemo moragonyana. Fa o le pelonomi, batho ba tla nna pelonomi le mo go wena.” O tswelela ka gore: “E le gore ke nne ke na le se ke se buang le batho ba ke kopanang le bone, ba bannye kana ba bagolo, ke leka go dira gore ke nne ke itse ditiragalo tsa bosheng ka go bala dimakasine tse di rutang le go reetsa dikgang.”

Ditlhagiso tse dingwe ke tse: Ithute go kgatlhegela dilo tse batho ba bangwe ba di ratang. Botsa dipotso. Nna pelotshweu ka mo o ka kgonang ka teng. Fa o sena dilo tse di bonalang, o ka ithaopa go thusa batho ba bangwe; go na le boitumelo mo go abeng. Kwala makwalo. Dira sengwe go itlosa bodutu. Fa batho ba go laletsa gore o ba etele kgotsa o tsamaye le bone go ya go tlhajwa ke phefo golo gongwe, amogela ditaletso tseo. Dira gore legae la gago e nne le le itumedisang le le le kgatlhang batho ba ba go etelang. Bona gore ke bomang ba ba tlhokang thuso mme o ba thuse.

Tikologo ya bodumedi. Bosupi jo bo ntseng bo oketsega bo bontsha gore ditiro tsa bodumedi di thusa batho ba ba tsofetseng go bona “bokao le boikaelelo jwa botshelo,” le go nna ba “itumetse,” go “ikutlwa e le batho ba botlhokwa,” “ba kgotsofetse thata mo botshelong,” mme ba “ikutlwa e le karolo ya setšhaba e bile ba ikutlwa sentle.” Ka ntlha yang? Buka ya Later Life—The Realities of Aging e tlhalosa jaana: “Tumelo e fa batho filosofi ya botshelo le metseletsele ya boikutlo, mekgwa, le ditumelo tse di ba thusang go tlhalosa le go tlhaloganya lefatshe le ba tshelang mo go lone.” Mo godimo ga moo, ditiro tsa bodumedi di kopanya batho ba ba tsofetseng le batho ba bangwe mme seno se dira gore “ba se ka ba itlhaola mo bathong le go jewa ke bodutu.”

Mo go Louise le Evelyn, bao ka bobedi e leng batlholagadi ba dingwaga di le 80 e bile e le maloko a phuthego ya Basupi ba ga Jehofa, dipatlisiso tseno di bontshitse se ba sa bolong go nna ba se itse ka masome a dingwaga. Louise a re: “Kwa Holong ya rona ya Bogosi,d ke itumelela go bua le batho ba bangwe, ba bagolo le ba bannye. Dipokano di a ruta. Fa re ntse re tlotla le ba bangwe morago ga dipokano, re itumelela go tshega fela thata. Ke nako e e itumedisang fela thata!” Evelyn le ena o solegelwa molemo thata ke dilo tse a di dirang tsa bodumedi. A re: “Go tswa ke ya go bua le baagelani ba me ka Baebele go dira gore ke se ka ka itlhaola mo bathong. Mme mo godimo ga moo go dira gore ke itumele. Go thusa ba bangwe go bona boikaelelo jwa mmatota jwa botshelo ke tiro e e kgotsofatsang.”

Go phepafetse gore Louise le Evelyn ba na le boikaelelo mo botshelong. Boikutlo jo bontle jo ba feleletsang ba na le jone bo isa leparego leno la bobedi kwa tlase—e leng tikologo—mme bo ba thusa go tswelela ba taboga lobelo lono lwa botshelo ba sa ineele.—Bapisa Pesalema 92:13, 14.

Kalafi e e Tlhwatlhwatlase Mme e Alafa Batho ba le Bantsi e Teng

Kgatelopele mo saenseng ya tsa kalafi mo lekgolong leno la dingwaga e isitse leparego la boraro, e leng kalafi, kwa tlase fela thata—le fa e se mo lefatsheng lotlhe. The World Health Report 1998 e tlhokometse gore mo dinageng di le mmalwa tse di humanegileng, “lobaka lo batho ba lebeletsweng go lo tshela lo fologile thata mo magareng ga ngwaga wa 1975 le 1995.” Motsamaisimogolo mongwe wa WHO o ne a akgela gore “batho ba le 3 mo go ba le 4 mo dinageng tse di sa tlhabologang gompieno ba swa le pele ba nna le dingwaga di le 50—eleng lobaka lo batho mo lefatsheng lotlhe ba neng ba lebeletswe go lo tshela sephatlo sa lekgolo la dingwaga se se fetileng.”

Lefa go ntse jalo palo e e ntseng e oketsega ya batho ba ba godileng le ba basha mo dinageng tse di humanegileng e isa leparego leno kwa tlase ka go dirisa kalafi e e leng teng le e ba kgonang go e duelela. Tsaya ka sekai mokgwa o mosha wa go alafa thiibi.

Mo lefatsheng ka bophara thiibi e bolaya batho ba le bantsi go feta palo e e kopantsweng ya ba ba bolawang ke AIDS, malaria, le malwetse a a fitlhelwang thata kwa boboatsatsi—e bolaya batho ba le 8 000 letsatsi lengwe le lengwe. Mo balwetseng ba le 100 ba ba tshwerweng ke thiibi, ba le 95 ke ba ba nnang mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang tsa lefatshe. Batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 20 ba tshwerwe ke thiibi e e gateletseng, mme ba le dimilione di le 30 e ka ba bolaya mo dingwageng di le lesome tse di tlang, e leng palo e e lekanang le ya baagi ba Bolivia, Cambodia le Malawi ba kopantswe.

Ke ka ntlha ya moo WHO e neng ya itumelela go itsise ka 1997 gore e bone tsela ya go alafa thiibi mo sebakeng sa dikgwedi di le thataro go sa tlhokege gore molwetse a ye go robatswa kwa bookelong kgotsa a dirise kalafi ya boranyane jwa maemo a a kwa godimo. Kgatiso nngwe ya WHO e leng The TB Treatment Observer e ne ya bolela gore “ka lekgetlho la ntlha, lefatshe le bone didirisiwa le mekgwa ya go fokotsa leroborobo la thiibi, e seng mo dinageng tse di humileng fela mme gape le mo dinageng tse di humanegileng thata tsa lefatshe.” Mokgwa ono—o bangwe ba o tlhalosang e le kgatelopele e kgolo thata mo go tsa kalafi mo lesomeng leno la dingwaga—o bidiwa DOTS.e

Le fa mokgwa ono o ja madi a a kwa tlase thata go feta wa kalafi e e tlwaelegileng ya thiibi, se o se dirang se kgothatsa thata, segolo jang mo bathong ba ba tshelang mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang. Motsamaisi wa Thulaganyo ya Thiibi ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya WHO e bong Dr. Arata Kochi a re: “Ga go na mokgwa ope o mongwe wa go laola Thiibi o o bontshitseng ka tlhomamo jaana gore o kgona go e alafa ka selekanyo se se kwa godimo jaana. DOTS e kgona go alafa ka selekanyo se se kwa godimo sa diperesente di le 95, le eleng mo dinageng tse di humanegileng thata.” Kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga wa 1997 dinaga di le 89 di ne di setse di dirisa mokgwa ono wa DOTS. Gompieno dinaga tseno di tlhatlogetse go di le 96. WHO e solofela gore mokgwa ono o tla fitlhelela dimilione tse di oketsegileng tsa batho ba ba humanegileng mo dinageng tse di sa tlhabologang, mme ka jalo o ba kgontshe go isa leparego leno la boraro kwa tlase le le ba kgoreletsang mo lobelong lwa bone lwa botshelo.

Ruri motho o kgonne go lelefatsa lobaka lo lo tlwaelegileng lo batho ba lo tshelang, le go lelefatsa lobaka lo a lebeletsweng go lo tshela, ka go fetola mekgwa ya gagwe, ka go tokafatsa tikologo ya gagwe, le ka go tokafatsa kalafi ya gagwe. Potso ke gore, A go tla direga gore ka letsatsi lengwe motho a kgone go lelefatsa le botshelo jwa motho gore bo fitlhe kwa setlhoeng sa jone—gongwe e bo e nne botshelo jo bo se nang bokhutlo?

[Dintlha tse di kwa tlase]

[Lebokoso/Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 6]

O TSHWANETSE GO IKATISA GO LE KANA KANG LE GONE JANG?

National Institute on Aging (NIA) ya re: “Go molemo go ipeela mokgele wa go dira tiro nngwe e e lekanetseng ka metsotso e le 30 letsatsi lengwe le lengwe.” Mme ga go tlhokege gore o dirise metsotso eno e le 30 ka nako e le nngwe go ikatisa. Go bolelwa gore go kgaoganya nako ya gago ya go ikatisa ka dikarolo di le tharo tsa metsotso e le 10 karolo nngwe le nngwe go na le diphelelo tse di tshwanang le tsa go ikatisa ka metsotso e le 30 ka nako e le nngwe. O ka dirisa mekgwa efe ya go ikatisa? Bukana nngwe ya NIA e e bidiwang Don’t Take It Easy: Exercise! e akantsha jaana: “Go dira dilo dingwe tse di sa reng sepe tse di jaaka, go palama ditepisi mo boemong jwa go dirisa lefiti, kgotsa go tsamaya ka dinao go na le go dirisa koloi, go ka feleletsa ka gore mo letsatsing o bo o ikatisitse ka metsotso e le 30. Go haraka matlhare, go tshameka le bana, go dira mo tshingwaneng, le eleng go dira ditiro tsa mo lelapeng fela, tsotlhe tseno di ka fitlha mo nakong e o ikatisang ka yone letsatsi le letsatsi.” Gone mme, go botlhale gore o kope kgakololo ya ngaka ya gago pele o ka simolola ka thulaganyo ya go ikatisa.

[Setshwantsho]

Go dira ditiro tse di lekanetseng tsa go itshikinya mmele go ka thusa batho ba ba tsofetseng gore ba boe ba nne le nonofo ba bo ba nne ba tlhagafetse

[Lebokoso/Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 7]

GO BOLOKA TLHALOGANYO YA GAGO E TLHAGAFETSE

Dipatlisiso tsa saense tse di neng di akaretsa batho ba le diketekete ba ba tsofetseng di bone mabaka a le mmalwa a a ka thusang batho ba ba tsofetseng go boloka tlhaloganyo ya bone e tlhagafetse. Mabaka ano a akaretsa “go bala thata, go ja nala, go tshwarega ka ditiro tsa loago, go ithuta, go itlwaelanya le batho ba ditlelapa tse di rileng, le go itlwaelanya le batho ba thuto e e rileng.” “Dira dilo di le dintsi tse di farologaneng ka mo o ka kgonang ka teng.” “Tswelela o bereka. O se ka wa tlogela.” “Tima thelebishene.” “Ithutele go dira sengwe.” Go dumelwa gore go dira ditiro tseno ga go felele fela ka go go itumedisa mme gape go dira gore boboko jwa gago bo kgone go dira sentle.

[Setshwantsho]

Go katisa mogopolo go thusa go dira gore mogopolo o nne o tlhagafetse

[Lebokoso/Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 8]

DIKGAKOLOLO TSA BOITEKANELO MO BATHONG BA BA TSOFETSENG

National Institute on Aging e e leng karolo ya Lephata la Pholo le Ditirelo Tsa Batho la United States e bolela gore “motho a ka kgona go nna a itekanetse sentle le go tshela lobaka lo loleele” fa a ka latela kgakololo e e botlhale, e e tshwanang le e e latelang:

● Ja dijo tse di nang le dikotla go akaretsa maungo le merogo.

● Fa e le gore o nwa bojalwa, bo nwe ka tekatekano.

● O se ka wa goga. Ga go ise go nne thari go tlogela.

● Ikatise ka metlha. Botsa ngaka ya gago pele o simolola ka thulaganyo ya go ikatisa.

● Nna o tlhola ba lelapa le ditsala tsa gago.

● Nna o tlhagafetse ka go bereka, go tshameka le go kopana le batho ba bangwe.

● Leba botshelo ka maikutlo a a siameng.

● Dira dilo tse di go itumedisang.

● Dira gore o nne o tlholwe gore a o sa ntse o itekanetse sentle.

[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 9]

GO TLHATLHOBA DISELE TSA BOBOKO SESHA

Moporofesa mongwe wa malwetse a tlhaloganyo le a boboko e bong Dr. Marilyn Albert a re: “Pele re ne re akanya gore letsatsi le letsatsi motho o latlhegelwa ke disele tsa boboko gongwe le gongwe mo bobokong. Ga go a nna jalo—gone fa o nna o tsofala sentle o latlhegelwa ke dikarolo dingwe, lefa go ntse jalo e seng mo go maswe go le kalo, le gone go latlhega fela dikarolo tse di rileng tsa boboko.” Mo godimo ga moo, dipatlisiso tsa bosheng jaana di bontsha gore tota le selo se se sa bolong go nna se dumelwa sa gore batho ba ka se kgone go tlhoga disele tse disha tsa boboko, re ka re fela, “ga se boammaaruri,” go bega jalo Scientific American ya November 1998. Borasaense ba boboko ba re ba bone bosupi jaanong, jo bo bontshang gore le eleng batho ba ba tsofetseng “ba kgona go tlhoga dinyurone tse di oketsegileng ka makgolokgolo.”

[[Lebokoso mo go tsebe 11]

A BATHO BA BA TSOFETSENG BA BOTLHALE THATA?

Baebele e botsa jaana: “A ga go na botlhale mo go ba ba tsofetseng le tlhaloganyo mo boleeleng jwa malatsi?” (Jobe 12:12, NW) Karabo ya reng? Babatlisisi ba tlhokometse gore batho ba ba tsofetseng ba na le dinonofo tse di tshwanang le “temogo, go dira ditshwetso tse di botlhale, pono e ntle ya mogopolo le go kgona go sekaseka dikgang tsa botlhokwa tse di sa tsamaisaneng, e bile ba kgona go akanyetsa mekgwa e mentle ya go rarabolola mathata.” Go ya ka U.S.News & World Report, dipatlisiso di bontshitse gore “batho ba ba tsofetseng ka metlha ba gaisa basha ka botlhale jotlhe fela, ba naya kgakololo e e akanyeditsweng sentle le e e botlhale thata.” Dipatlisiso gape di bontsha gore “le mororo batho ba ba tsofetseng ba tsaya lobaka lo loleele go feta basha go dira ditshwetso, gantsi ditshwetso tsa bone di botoka thata.” Ka jalo fela jaaka buka ya Baebele ya Jobe e bontsha, ruri botsofe bo tletse ka botlhale.

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 5]

Botshelo jwa motho bo tshwana le kgaisano ya bothubalobelo eo mo go yone go tletseng maparego

[Setshwantsho mo go tsebe 9]

“Dira gore batho ba itumelele go nna le wena,” go gakolola jalo motlholagadi mongwe

[Ditshwantsho mo go tsebe 10]

“Go thusa ba bangwe go bona boikaelelo jwa mmatota jwa botshelo ke tiro e e kgotsofatsang.”—Evelyn

[Ditshwantsho mo go tsebe 10]

“Kwa Holong ya rona ya Bogosi, ke itumelela go bua le batho ba bangwe, ba bagolo le ba bannye.”—Louise