Ko e Meʻa ʻOkú Ne ʻAi ʻa e Ngaahi Ngāueʻangá ke Fakatuʻutāmakí
“ʻOku lahi ange ʻa e mate ʻa e kakaí ʻi he ngāueʻangá ʻi he mate he halá.” Ko e ʻuluʻi tohi mataʻāʻā ia ʻi ha lauʻipepa fakatokanga naʻe tufaki ʻe he WorkCover, ko ha kautaha fekauʻaki mo e malú ʻi Niu Sauele, ʻAositelēlia.
KO E ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki fakatupu maté, ko e moʻoni, ko e konga pē ia ʻo e palopalemá. ʻOku tofanga fakataʻu ʻa e laui miliona ʻi honau ngaahi feituʻu ngāué, ʻi he ngaahi lavea lalahi, pea aʻu ʻo fōtunga kehe ai ʻa e moʻuí. ʻOku mate mutukia ʻa e tokolahi kehe koeʻuhi ko hono fakaeʻa ʻi he taimi ngāué ki he ngaahi naunau fakatuʻutāmakí pe ko e ola ʻo e mafasia ʻi he ngāué.
Koeʻuhi ko e mate felāveʻi mo e ngāué pea mo e lavea lalahí ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he meimei tafaʻaki kotoa pē ʻo e ngāueʻangá mo e komēsialé, ʻoku feʻungamālie ai ke ʻeke: ʻOkú ke malu fēfē ʻi he feituʻu ʻokú ke ngāue aí? Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻi ai ʻe fakatuʻutāmaki nai ki hoʻo moʻui leleí pea mo hoʻo moʻuí?
ʻĀtakai Fakamafasia
ʻOku faʻa fakamafasiaʻi lahi ʻa e kau ngāué ke maʻu ha ola lahi. ʻI Siapani ko e kupuʻi lea karoshi—“mate mei he hulutuʻa e ngāué”—naʻe ʻuluaki ngāueʻaki ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻeke huhuʻi naʻe hopoʻi ʻe he ngaahi fāmili mamahí. Fakatatau ki ha savea ʻi ai ʻi he ngaahi taʻu kuohilí, ko e peseti ʻe 40 ʻo e kau ngāue ʻōfisi ʻi Siapaní naʻa nau manavahē mei ha ala hoko ha mate tupu mei hulutuʻa ʻa e ngāué. Naʻe fakafuofua ʻe ha loea ʻa ia ʻoku mataotao ʻi he ngaahi ʻeke peheé naʻe ʻi ai ʻo “ʻikai toe siʻi hifo ʻi he kau maʻukovia ʻe he karoshi ʻe toko 30,000 ʻi Siapani ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē.”
Kuo pehē ʻe he potungāue polisi ʻi Siapaní ko e ngaahi palopalema felāveʻi mo e ngāué ko e kī tefito ia ki he fakautuutu ʻo e taonakitá ʻi he kau taʻu 50 ki he 59. Fakatatau ki he tohi The Violence-Prone Workplace, naʻe tukuakiʻi ai ʻe ha fakamaauʻanga ha tangata pule ngāue ki he taonakita ʻa ha tangata ngāue naʻe faingataʻaʻia ʻi he ngaahi loto-hohaʻa felāveʻi mo e ngāué.
ʻOku pehē ʻe he nusipepa ʻAositelēlia ko e The Canberra Times ‘ko e kau ʻAmeliká kuo nau fakalaka ʻi he kau Siapaní ʻi hono fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi houa ngāue lōloa taha ʻi he māmaní.’ Ko ia ai, ko e ngaahi fakamatala ongoongo mo hono ngaahi ʻuluʻitohi hangē ko e “Ngaahi Houa Lōloá ʻOkú Ne Fakangāueʻi ʻa e Kakaí ki he Mate” ʻoku fakamatala ai fekauʻaki mo e kau ngāue ongosia, hangē ko e kau fakaʻuli meʻalele uta-mahakí, kau pailaté, kau ngāue langa mo e fefonongaʻakí, pea mo e kau ngāue fetongi poʻulí, kuo nau mate ʻi he taimi ngāué.
ʻI he fou atu ʻa e ngaahi kautahá ʻi he ngaahi sitepu ʻo hono toe fokotuʻutuʻu foʻou mo toe fai ha fakatokosiʻi ke kei tuʻumaʻu ʻa e tupu fakapaʻangá, ko e fakamafasia lahi ange ki ha tupu lahí ʻoku hilifaki ia ʻi he kau ngāué. ʻOku pehē ʻe he British Medical Journal ko e fakatokosiʻí ʻoku ʻi ai hono ola kovi ki he moʻui lelei ʻa e kau ngāué.
Fakamālohi ʻi he Ngaahi Ngāueʻangá
Ko e kau ngāue ʻoku ngāue hulutuʻa mo mafasiá ʻoku ʻikai ko kinautolu pē ʻoku ala fakatuʻutāmaki ki aí. Naʻe ʻilo ʻe ha savea ʻa Pilitānia ʻoku fakamoleki ʻe he tokolahi ʻo e kau ngāue ʻōfisí ʻa e lahi honau taimi ngāué ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻiteʻita ʻi he kaungāngāué pea ko e vā ko iá ʻoku faʻa fakatupunga ai ʻa e ngaahi tōʻonga fakamālohi.
“ʻOku fakafuofua ki he kau ngāue ʻAmelika ʻe toko 15 ʻoku fakapoongi lolotonga ʻa e ngāué ʻi he uike taki taha,” ko e lau ia ʻa e makasini Business Week. ʻOku pehē ʻe he Harvard Business Review: “Ko e fakamālohi ʻi he ngāueʻangá ʻoku ʻikai ko ha kaveinga manakoa ia ki ha pule ngāue. Ka ʻoku kei tuʻumaʻu pē ʻa e foʻi moʻoní ia ko e taʻu kotoa ʻoku laui teau ai ʻa e kau ngāue ʻoku ngaohikoviʻi pea aʻu ʻo tāmateʻi ʻe honau kaungāngāué.”
ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻoku hokosia ʻe he tokolahi ʻa e fakamālohi ʻi he ngāueʻangá mei heʻenau kau kasitomaá pe ko ʻenau kau fakataú. ʻOku pehē ʻe ha līpooti ʻa ʻAositelēlia ʻi ha ako ki he faihiá ʻoku mātuʻaki manavahē ʻa e niʻihi ʻo e kau toketaá ʻi he ngaahi ʻohofi fakamālohí ʻo nau ʻave ai ha fakafeʻao ʻi heʻenau ʻaʻahi ki he ngaahi ʻapí. Ko e toe niʻihi kehe ʻe ala faingataʻaʻiá ʻoku kau ai ʻa e kau ʻōfisa polisí mo e kau faiakó.
Ko ha toe founga ʻe taha ʻo e fakamālohi ʻi he ngāueʻangá ko e ngaohikovia fakaeongó, ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa ia ʻe he Kautaha Leipa Fakavahaʻapuleʻangá ko e fakamālohi fakaeʻatamai. Ko ha founga tefito ʻo e ngaohikoviʻi ko ení ko e houtamakí.
ʻOku pehē ʻe Palōfesa Robert L. Veninga ʻo e ʻUnivēsiti ʻo Minnesota, U.S.A., ko e “mafasiá mo e ngaahi mahaki ʻoku tupu mei aí ʻoku maongo lahi ia ki he kau ngāue ʻi he meimei tapa kotoa pē ʻo e māmaní.” ʻOkú ne pehē ko e “palopalema tefitó ʻo fakatatau ki he Līpooti Leipa ʻa Māmani ʻi he 1993 naʻe fai ʻe he Kautaha Leipa Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá, ko e mafasiá ko e tupu ia mei he ngaahi ngāueʻanga taʻefaiongoʻi, hokohoko fetongitongi, pea fakafili maʻu pē.”
Ko ia ko e fehuʻí leva, Ko e hā ʻoku totonu ke fai ʻe he kau pule ngāué mo e kau ngāué ke ʻai ke malu ange ai ʻenau ngāueʻangá? ʻE fai ʻa e lāulea ki heni ʻi he kupu hono hokó.