Ko e Fakaofo ʻo e ʻOneʻoné

Ko e ʻoneʻone ʻi ho matá ʻoku fakatupunga mamahi, ka ko e meʻa fakafiemālie moʻoni ʻa hoʻo luelue aí! Ko e fuʻu lahi fau ʻo iá ʻoku maʻu ia ʻi tahi, ka ʻoku toe lahi ia ʻi he ngaahi toafa pakukaá. ʻOku hola ʻa e ngaahi meʻamoʻui lahi mei heʻene mafolá, ka ki he niʻihi kehe, ko honau nofoʻangá ia. ʻOku faʻa vakai ki ai ko ha meʻa fakafiu, ka ʻi he ʻikai iá, ʻe ʻikai meimei malava ʻa e moʻui fakaeonopōní.

Mei he fakamatala ʻi ʻolungá, ko e ʻoneʻoné ʻoku hā ngali ʻi ha tuʻunga fepakipaki. Ko e hā koā ʻa e ʻoneʻoné, pea ʻoku haʻu ia mei fē?

Ko ha Kamataʻanga Petepete

ʻOku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻa e ngaahi pātikolo ʻo e minulolo, maka, pe kelekele, pea ko e fanga kiʻi maka hinehina fefeká ʻa e meʻa tefito lahi tahá. Ko e ngaahi tumutumu naʻe tuʻu ʻi ha taimi ko e maka fefeká kuo ʻauʻauha ia ʻo hoko ko e ʻoneʻone. ʻOku anga-fēfē ʻa e hoko ʻa e ʻauʻauha ko ení?

ʻOku faʻa faʻu ʻa e ʻoneʻoné mei he ngāue mālohi ʻa ʻōsení. ʻOku haʻaki ʻa e ngaahi peaú ʻi he ngaahi lilifa he matāfangá, pea ko e ngaahi fepaki ko ení ʻoku mapaki ai pea mafahifahi ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu lauʻimaká. ʻOku tō ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu konga lalahi ʻaupito ʻi he fuʻu mālohi hokohoko ʻi ʻōsení, ʻo ʻave ʻa e ngaahi kongokonga ko iá ʻe he koa ʻo e peaú ki he matātahí. ʻOku hanga ʻe he tahi hoú ʻo ʻai ke molemole ʻa e ngaahi tapa māsilá, ʻo maʻu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi kongokonga maka molemole. ʻI heʻene hokohoko ngāué ʻoku faifai pē ʻo nau mapakipaki ai ki he fanga kiʻi foʻi maka iiki, pea ʻoku laiki eni ki he fanga kiʻi pātikolo iiki ange, ʻa ia ʻoku tau ʻiloʻi ko e ʻoneʻoné. ʻI he taimi ʻe niʻihi ʻoku ʻave ai ʻe he tahí ʻa e ʻoneʻoné, ka ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu lahi, ʻoku toe fakafoki mai ʻe he ngaahi peaú ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ki ʻuta, ʻo tupu mei ai ha ngaahi matātahi maʻa.

ʻI he taimi ʻoku fakataha ai ʻa e ʻea momokó mo e mālohi ʻo ʻōsení, ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e vai momokó ʻo nofo ʻi he maká, ʻo faʻu ai ha ngaahi kongokonga ʻaisi māsila ʻa ia ʻokú ne fahi ʻa e maká. ʻOku hokohoko atu ʻa e fahí, ʻo fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu maka lalahí ki he fanga kiʻi konga iiki ange, ʻa ia ʻoku faifai pē ʻo hoko ko e ʻoneʻoné.

ʻOku toe fakahoko foki ʻe he matangí ha ngafa, ʻi hono puhi ʻa e ngaahi falukunga ʻoneʻoné ki he ngaahi fuʻu maka lalahí. Ko e fepaki ko iá ʻoku fakatupu ai ʻa e ʻoneʻone lahi ange. Ko e ngaahi lauʻimaka ʻoku mita ʻe laui teau ʻa hono matolú ʻoku hoko ki ai ʻa e founga fakanatula ko eni ʻo e olo ʻa e ʻoneʻoné. Lolotonga iá, ʻoku fakamovete ʻe he matangí ʻa e ʻoneʻone ʻoku maʻú, ʻo fofola ia hangē ha kāpetí ʻi he fukahi toafá.

ʻI he laui mileniume, ko e ngaahi ngāue mālohi ko ení kuo tupu mei ai ʻa e ngaahi toni ʻoneʻone taʻefaʻalaua. ʻE fiefia ʻa e kakai tokolahi kapau ʻoku ngāueʻaki pē ia ke hoko ko e pilo molū ʻi he matātahí. Ka ko e mahuʻinga ʻo e ʻoneʻoné ʻoku aʻu ʻo fakalaka atu ia ʻi he matātahí, ʻo hangē ko ia te tau vakai ki aí.

Fanga Kiʻi Meʻa Valevale, Ngaahi ʻAonga Lalahi

ʻI ha tuʻunga lahi, ko ʻetau kaí mo e inú ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ʻoneʻoné. ʻO anga-fēfē? ʻI ha founga pē, ko e kotoa ʻo ʻetau meʻakaí ʻoku haʻu ia mei he ʻakau ʻo e māmaní. Ko e ʻoneʻoné mo e meʻa ʻoku felāveʻi mo ia kuo momosi valevale ko e kelé mo e ʻumeá ʻoku nau ʻomai ʻa e ngaahi minulolo ʻa ia ʻoku fiemaʻu ʻe he ʻakaú. Pehē foki, ko e ʻoneʻone ʻi he kelekelé ʻoku fakaʻatā ai ʻa e ʻeá mo e vaí ke vilo. Ko ia, ʻe lava ke mimisi ngofua ai ʻe he ngaahi akaʻi ʻakaú ʻa e meʻakaí. Ka ʻoku anga-fēfē ʻa e kau e ʻoneʻoné ʻi hono fakahauhau ʻetau fieinuá?

Kapau te ke fakafonu ha siā lita ʻe taha ʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻone mōmoá, ʻe lava ke ke tānaki ha vai mililita ʻe 300 ki he siā tatau ʻo ʻikai ʻai ia ke hake ki tuʻa. ʻOku pehē ení koeʻuhí ko e ʻoneʻoné ʻoku avaava—ʻa ia, ʻoku lahi ʻa e fanga kiʻi ʻatā ʻi aí. Ko hono moʻoní, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e “ngaahi fuʻu siā vai” ʻoneʻone ʻoku lalahi feʻunga ke nau tokonaki ki he ngaahi kolo lalahí ʻa e vai foaki moʻuí. Ko e hā kinautolu?

Ko e ngaahi faʻunga fakasioloki ʻoku ui ko e ngaahi aquifer ʻoku nau tokoto ʻi lalo ʻi he konga lahi ʻo e fukahi māmaní. ʻI hono faʻuʻaki ʻa e ngaahi lau ʻoneʻone lahi mo e ngaahi minulolo avaava kehé, ʻoku ʻi he ngaahi meʻá ni ʻa e vai ʻa ia kuo sivi ia ki lalo ʻi he taʻu nai ʻe laui afe. ʻOku fikaʻi ʻe he kau saienisí ʻi he “ngaahi fuʻu siā vai” taʻelava ke sio ki ai ko ení ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e vai melie ʻoku liunga ʻe 40 hono lahí ʻi he kotoa ʻo e ngaahi anovai mo e vaitafe ʻi he māmaní. ʻOku maʻu ʻe he ngaahi vaitupú mei he ngaahi aquifer ʻenau vai mahuʻingá, ʻa ia ʻokú ne fakatolonga ʻa e moʻui ʻa e laui miliona.

ʻOneʻone ʻi Muʻa ʻi Ho Matá

ʻOkú ke luelue nai he ʻoneʻoné ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pē ʻo ʻikai ʻaupito ʻalu ki he matātahí. ʻOku faliki sima ʻa e ngaahi hala pe ʻaluʻanga ʻi ho kolo nofoʻangá? ʻI he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻa e peseti ʻe 25 ʻo e naunau langa anga-maheni ko ení. Ko e toni ʻoneʻone ʻe laui teau miliona ʻoku ngāueʻaki fakataʻu ia ko e naunau langa, ʻo fuʻu lahi ʻa ia ʻoku hokosia ai ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻe niʻihi ʻa e nounou fakaeʻoneʻone.

Lolotonga ʻoku nofo lahi ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻi he lalo vaʻé, ʻi he founga ʻe taha ʻoku ʻi muʻa nai pē ia ʻi ho matá. Ko e sioʻata ʻo hoʻo komipiutá ʻoku ngalingali naʻe faʻu ia mei he ʻoneʻoné, ʻo hangē pē ko e ngaahi sioʻata ʻo e meʻa-fakaʻata-fetuʻu he tumutumu moʻungá mo e ngaahi meʻa-fakaʻata-siemu ʻi he funga tesí. Ko e meʻa tatau pē ia ʻoku hoko ʻi he ngaahi vaasi kilisitalá mo e sioʻata ʻi ho fale kaukaú. Ko e ngaahi meʻa ko iá ʻoku ngaohi kotoa ia mei he sioʻatá, pea ʻoku faʻuʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻo laka hake he vaeua ʻo e naunau tefito ko ia ʻoku ngāueʻaki ki hono ngaohi ʻo e sioʻatá. ʻOku anga-fēfē hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ke ngaohi ʻa e sioʻatá?

Ko e ʻoneʻoné mo e ngaahi meʻa kehé ʻoku fio ia pea toki fakavaiaʻi ʻi he māfana laka hake he tikilī Selosiasi ʻe 1,400. Ko e huhuʻa fatu ʻoku maʻu mei aí ʻoku lava ke takaiʻi ia, puhi, peluki, fusi, pea mioʻi ki ha meimei faʻahinga fuo pē. Ko e ngaahi faipa sioʻatá ʻoku aʻu ʻo lālanga ia ki ha tupenu. Kae tatau ai pē pe ʻokú ne pouaki ʻa e fakaʻofoʻofá pe ngāué, pe ʻokú ne ʻai ke ngaofe ʻa e hueló pe tapua atu, ko e sioʻata molemole mo ʻāsinisiní ʻoku haʻu ia mei he kiʻi foʻi ʻoneʻone fefeká.

Ngaʻunu ʻa e ʻOneʻoné

Fakaʻuta atu ki ha moʻunga ʻoku mita ʻe 75 hono māʻolungá ʻa ia ʻoku ngaʻunu. ʻOku hoko eni ʻi he taimi ʻoku hiki ai ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻunga ʻoneʻone ʻa ia ʻoku ui ko e ngaahi moʻunga ʻoneʻoné, ʻi hono teke ʻe he matangí. ʻI he ngaahi konga lahi ʻo e Sahalá, ʻoku hā ngali mafola taʻehanongataʻanga ai ʻa e ngaahi ʻotu moʻunga ʻoneʻone ʻoku fehulohulaí.

ʻI he taimi ʻoku nofo ofi ai ki ai ʻa e tangatá, ʻe hoko mai nai kia kinautolu ʻa e ngaahi moʻunga ʻoneʻoné ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻikai lelei. Ko e moʻoni, ko e ngaʻunu ʻa e ʻoneʻoné kuo ʻiloa ia ʻi heʻene tāpuniʻi ʻa e ngaahi hala lalahí, kāpui ʻa e ngaahi falé, pea tanu ha ngaahi kolo kakato.

Fonu ʻi he Moʻuí

ʻI heʻene hā ngali ʻikai moʻui ʻa e ʻoneʻoné, ʻoku nofo ai ʻa e ngaahi meʻamoʻui lahi. Ko e fanga fōkisí, fanga ngatá, mo e fanga sikopió ʻoku nau toi ʻi lalo ʻi he toafa ʻoneʻoné lolotonga ʻa e ʻahó. ʻI he mohe lolotonga ʻa e velá, ʻoku nau hū ki tuʻa he poʻulí ke hahalu meʻakai. ʻI he Matāfonua Skeleton ʻo Namīpiá, ʻi he tonga-hihifo ʻo ʻAfiliká, ʻoku ʻalu fano holo ai ʻa e fanga ʻelefānité ʻi he ngaahi fuʻu moʻunga ʻoneʻoné. ʻOku hā ngali ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e fiefia ʻi he ngaahi tafungofunga ʻoneʻone māʻolungá, ʻi he fakaheheke hifo ki lalo ʻo toho honau ongo vaʻe muí. Ko e “vaka ʻo e toafá,” ʻa ia ʻoku toe ʻiloa ko e kāmelí, ʻokú ne fononga holo ʻi he ngaahi tahi ʻoneʻone ʻo ʻĒsia mo ʻAfiliká.

ʻOku haʻu ʻa e fanga manu ʻe niʻihi mei he ʻōsení ke ngāueʻaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné. ʻI he fakatokanga atu ʻa honau ngaahi uasi fakanatulá, ko e fanga paka lalahí, mo e fonú, mo e fanga kiʻi ika iiki ʻoku ui ko e grunion ʻoku nau haʻu ʻi he koa ʻo e peaú ki he matātahí. ʻOku nau fakatō fua ai ʻo tataʻo ʻi he tuʻunga molū ʻo e ʻoneʻoné.

Ki he ngaahi matalaʻiʻakau ʻe niʻihi, ko ha moʻunga ʻoneʻone ʻoku fakafiemālie tatau pē ia mo ha puha kelekele ʻi ha funga matapā sioʻata. Ko e ngaahi matalaʻiʻakau vao ko e sea rocket, beach pea, mo e beach morning glory ʻoku nau tupu ʻāfaʻafa ʻi he ʻoneʻoné pea toe tupu hake pē naʻa mo e taimi ʻoku tanu ai kinautolu ʻe ha moʻunga ʻoneʻoné. Ko honau ngaahi aka lōloá ʻoku komo hake ai ʻa e vai mo e meʻakai ke fafangaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi matala fakaʻofoʻofá—ʻo ne ʻomai ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi lanu ki he mafola lanu taha ʻa e ʻoneʻoné.

ʻOku moʻoni, ʻoku lava ke hoko ʻo fakatupu ʻita ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻi he taimi ʻoku fakatahataha ai ʻi ho suú ʻi hoʻo ʻeveʻeva ofi ki he matātahí. Neongo ia ʻoua ʻe ʻitá. Ko e moʻoniʻi meʻá eni, ʻoku tau fakafalala ki he fanga kiʻi ʻoneʻone ʻikai hā ngali mahuʻingá! Ko e ʻoneʻoné ko ha toe fakamoʻoni ia ʻe taha ʻo e poto ʻa e Tokotaha-Fakatupú, ʻa Sihova ko e ʻOtuá.​—Sāme 104:24.

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20, 21]

Toʻoa ʻi he ʻOneʻoné

ʻOku lava ke maʻu ʻe he ʻoneʻoné ʻa e ngaahi lanu kehekehe. ʻI he ngaahi fonua kehekehe, ʻe lava ke ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e ʻoneʻone ʻa ia ʻoku lanu ʻuliʻuli mālohi, hinaekiaki, fisiʻifekika, kulei, kulokula, moli, engeenga, mo e ngaahi lanu kehe lotoloto. ʻOku kau ki he niʻihi ha fio ʻo e ngaahi ngeʻesi fingota kuo laiki. Ko e fokotuʻutuʻu ʻo e lanu mo e faʻunga ʻi he ʻoneʻoné ʻoku toʻoa ai ʻa e kakai ʻe niʻihi ʻo aʻu ki he tuʻunga kuo nau kamata ai ke tānaki ʻa e ʻoneʻoné. ʻOku fefakatauʻaki ʻoneʻone ʻa e tokolahi, folau ke kumi ia, pea punou ke tānaki ʻa e ngaahi kalasi ʻo iá ʻi he fanga kiʻi hina sioʻata iiki, ko e ngaahi ʻoneʻone foʻou ki heʻenau tānekingá. ʻOku nau ui kinautolu ko e “kau ʻofa ʻi he ʻoneʻoné.”

[Maʻuʻanga]

Courtesy Serge tkint

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18, 19]

Ko e Toafa Namib, Namīpia

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 18]

Ngaahi mālohi ʻokú ne faʻu ʻa e ʻoneʻoné ʻaki hono laiki ki he maká ʻo kau ai ʻa e ngaahi peau haʻahaʻakí, aake ʻa e koa ʻo e peaú, mo e matangí

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 19]

Ko e ʻoneʻoné ko ha nofoʻanga ia ki he fanga ʻinisēkité, ngaahi matalaʻiʻakaú, fanga fōkisí, mo e fanga kāmelí

[Maʻuʻanga]

Fanga fōkisi: Hai-Bar, Yotvata, Israel

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]

Ko e ʻoneʻoné ko ha meʻa ia ʻoku mātuʻaki fiemaʻu ki he sioʻatá mo e simá

[Maʻuʻanga]

Ongo ngaohi sioʻatá: Provided by The Corning Museum of Glass

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 20]

Ko e ngaahi moʻunga ʻoneʻoné ʻe lava ke mita ʻe laui teau ʻa hono māʻolungá