Taimi ʻOku ʻAi Ai Koe ʻe he Iká Ke Ke Puké

MEI HE TOKOTAHA-TOHI ʻĀ HAKE! ʻI FISI

Pe te ne kai nai pe ʻikai; ko e fili faingataʻa ʻeni naʻe pau ke fai ʻe Arebonto. Naʻá ne ʻiloʻi ʻa hono fakatuʻutāmakí, ka naʻe fiekaia ia. Naʻe namu ifo mai ʻa e ika tunú. Naʻe mālohi ange ʻa ʻene ʻuakaí ʻi heʻene tailiilí. Ka ko e haʻaki vave mai ko ia ʻa e ongoʻi tokotokakoví mo e langa keté ʻo hoko mai ai ʻa e luá mo e fakalelé, naʻá ne ʻai ai ia ke ne fakaʻamu ange mai naʻe ʻikai ke ne kai ʻa e iká.

ʻI HONO leleakiʻi ʻa Arebonto ʻe hono ngaahi kaungāmeʻá ki he falemahakí ʻi he kiʻi motu ʻi he Pasifikí, naʻe ʻikai ke ne meimei ʻiloʻi ha meʻa pea naʻe maha ʻa e vai ʻi hono sinó mo langalanga ʻa hono fatafatá, fuʻu māʻulalo ʻa hono totó pea tuai e tā ʻa hono mafú. ʻI he ngaahi ʻaho siʻi hili iá, tānaki atu ki he langa ʻulu, ninimo mo e ongosiá, naʻe ongonoa ʻa hono ongo vaʻé, mamahi ʻa e tuʻu ofí pea hokosia mo ha femaliuaki fakaeongo anga kehe, ʻa ia naʻá ne ongoʻi ai ʻe ia ʻoku vela ʻa e meʻa ʻoku momokó pea ongoʻi ʻoku momoko ʻa e meʻa ʻoku velá. Hili ʻa e ʻaho ʻe valu ne tuʻumaʻu ʻa e vave e tā hono mafú, ka ko e ongonoá mo e ongosiá naʻe hokohoko atu ia ʻi he ngaahi uike.

Naʻe puke ʻa Arebonto ʻi he ngaahi kona fakanatula mātuʻaki mālohi ʻokú ne fakakonahi ʻa e ika anga-maheni ki he kaí ʻoku nofo hakau ʻi he talopikí. Ko e tuʻungá ni, ʻoku ʻiloa ko e ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), ʻa ia ʻoku hoko ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu fakatalopikí pe ofi ai, ʻi he ongo ʻōseni ʻInitiá mo e Pasifikí pea ʻi he Kalipiané. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻú ni, ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e ika maʻu fakalotofonuá ko ha maʻuʻanga kiki lahi.

Ko e CFP ʻoku ʻikai ko ha mahaki foʻou. Ko hono moʻoní, ko e palopalema ia naʻe hoko ki he kau kaivai fakatotolo ʻIulopé. ʻI he tuʻunga meimei tatau, ko e kau ʻeveʻeva mālōlō tokolahi he ʻahó ni kuo nau faingataʻaʻia ʻi hono ngaahi nunuʻa fakatupu tāvaivaiá. Ko e meʻa mahinó, ʻoku fakangatangata ʻe he mahakí ʻa e ngaahi kautaha toutai mo e kautaha folau ʻeveʻeva ʻi he ngaahi puleʻanga lahi ʻi he ngaahi ʻotu motú. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ko hono fefakatauʻaki ʻa e ika moʻui mo poloká, kuo fakalahi ai ʻa e feituʻu ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e CFP ʻo laka atu ia ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu fakatalopikí ki he ngaahi feituʻu ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai ʻilongofua ia ai.a

Ko e hā ʻokú ne ʻai ʻa e ika he hakaú ke koná? ʻE lava nai ke ʻiloʻi fakapapau ʻa e ika ʻoku koná? Fakakaukau atu angé ki he meʻa kuo fakaeʻa ʻe he fekumi he ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu.

Fakapapauʻi ʻa e Tupuʻangá

Ko e kiʻi meʻamoʻui valevale ʻoku ui ko e dinoflagellate ʻoku ʻi ai e tui lahi ko e tupuʻanga ia ʻo e ngaahi kona ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e CFP.b ʻOku kai ʻe he meʻamoʻui valevalé ni ʻa e feo kuo maté pea pipiki leva ia ki he limu vaí. ʻOku kai ʻe he ika īkí ʻa e limu vaí ʻo ne folo ai ʻa e kona ʻa ia ʻoku ui ko e ciguatoxin, ʻa ē ʻoku tupu mei he fanga kiʻi dinoflagellate. Ko e ika ko ʻení ʻoku kai ia ʻe he ika lalahi angé, ʻa ia ʻoku toe kai pē ia ʻe he ngaahi ika kehé, ʻo fakamafola lahi ange ai ʻa e koná ʻi he sēini meʻakaí. Kae kehe, ʻoku hā ngali ʻoku ʻikai ke kovi ia ki he iká.

Ko e ciguatoxin ʻoku kau ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakapaiolosī fakatupu mate mālohi taha kuo ʻiloʻí. Ko e meʻa mālié, “ko e faʻahinga siʻisiʻi pē ʻo e iká ʻoku fakahuʻunga ʻoku tupu mei ai ʻa e CFP,” ko e lau ia ʻa ha pepa fakapuleʻanga ʻi ʻAositelēlia. ʻOku ʻikai ke liliu ʻe he ciguatoxin ʻa e fōtunga, nanamu pe ifo ʻo e iká pea ʻoku ʻikai lava ke ʻauha ia ʻi hono haka, fakamōmoa, fakamāsima pe ko hono fioʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa fakaifoifo kaí. ʻI he tuʻunga ʻo Arebonto, naʻe ʻikai ha meʻa ia ʻi he ika naʻá ne kaí ʻe fakatokanga ange kiate ia ʻo fekauʻaki mo e fakatuʻutāmaki naʻe toitoi mai aí ʻo toki aʻu pē ki heʻene fuesia ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga langa mamahi he keté mo e ngākaú, mafú mo e halanga totó pea mo e neavé.

ʻIloʻi e Mahakí mo Hono Faitoʻó

ʻI onopooni, ʻoku ʻikai ke fai hano sivi fakafaitoʻo ʻa e CFP ʻi he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Ko hono ʻiloʻi ʻo e mahakí ʻoku fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he hā mai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga kehekehe, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa hā ia ʻi he ngaahi houa ʻi loto ʻi he hili ʻa e kaí pea ʻe fakapapauʻi nai ʻaki hano sivi ʻa e toenga iká pe ʻoku ʻi ai ha kona ai. (Sio ki he puha he peesi hokó.) Kapau ʻokú ke mahaloʻi ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e CFP, ʻoku fakapotopoto ke ke kumi ki ha tokoni fakafaitoʻo. Neongo ʻoku ʻikai ʻi ai ha faitoʻo fakafepaki kona ia kuo ʻiloʻi, ʻe lava ke toʻo atu ʻe he tokangaekina fakafaitoʻó ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilongá, ʻa ia ʻoku faʻa fakaʻaʻau ke mole atu ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻaho siʻi pē. Kae kehe, ʻoku lava ke fakatupu tāvaivaia ʻa e CFP, pea ko hono tokangaʻi vavé ʻe taʻofi nai ai ʻa hono ngaahi nunuʻá mei heʻene hoko ʻo fuʻu fuoloá.

ʻOku feliuliuaki ʻa e faingataʻa lahi ʻo e ngaahi fakaʻilongá, ʻo fakatuʻunga ia ʻi he ngaahi tafaʻaki lahi. ʻOku kau ki heni ʻa e kona ʻa e iká, ko e lahi mo e ngaahi konga ʻo e iká naʻe kaí, ko e lahi ʻo e ciguatoxin kuo ʻosi ʻi he tokotaha mahakí, mo e feituʻu naʻe maʻu ai ʻa e iká, he ʻoku hā ngali ʻoku kiʻi kehe ʻa e koná ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu kehekehe. ʻI he ʻikai fakatupu fakaenatula ʻe he sinó ha maluʻi mei he ngaahi kona ko ʻení, ʻoku hoko ʻa e faʻahinga ia ʻo e tangatá ʻo moʻuangofua ange ʻo ʻai ai ke toe kovi ange hano toe maʻu! Ko hono maʻu ko ia ʻa e ʻolokaholó ʻokú ne ʻai ʻe ia ke toe kovi ange ai ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilongá. Ke hao mei he kitá, ʻoku totonu ke fakaʻehiʻehi ʻa e tokotaha mahakí mei he kai iká he māhina ʻe tolu ki he ono ʻi he hili ha puke taimi nounou ʻi he CFP, ʻa ia ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha tohi fekauʻaki mo e mahaki mafolalahia ko ʻení.

Ko e ngaahi keisi lalahí ʻe lava ke toki ʻosi ia ʻi he ngaahi uike pe ngaahi māhina pea aʻu ia he taimi ʻe niʻihi ki he ngaahi taʻu, ʻo iku ai ki he ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻoku meimei tatau mo e mahaki tauhi tāvaivaiá. ʻI he ngaahi keisi hāhāmolofia ʻe niʻihi, ʻoku hoko ai ʻa e mate mei he hamú, tuʻu ʻa e mānavá mo e tā ʻa e mafú pe maha ʻa e vai he sinó. Kae kehe, ko e faʻahinga keisi peheé ʻoku faʻa hoko ia ʻi hono kai ʻa e ngaahi konga ʻo e iká ʻa ia ʻoku lahi ange ai ʻa e koná, ʻo hangē ko e foʻi ʻulú pe toʻotoʻonga ʻo e iká.

Ko ha Misiteli Fuoloa

Ko e meimei ika kotoa pē ʻoku nofo ʻi he ngaahi hakau feó mo e ngaahi ika ʻoku nau kai kinautolú ʻoku ala lava ke nau maʻu ʻa e ciguatoxin. Ka ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e misiteli ʻi he fekauʻaki mo e tuʻungá ni. Ko e ika ʻi ha feituʻu hakau ʻe kona lahi ʻaupito ia, ka ko e faʻahinga ika tatau ʻe maʻu ʻi ha feituʻu ofi ai, ʻe sai pē nai ia ke kai. Ko ha faʻahinga ika ʻokú ne fakatupunga ʻa e CFP ʻi ha feituʻu ʻe taha ʻi he māmaní ʻe sai pē nai ia ke kai ʻi ha feituʻu ʻe taha. Koeʻuhi ko e taʻetaʻepau ʻa hono tuku ange ko ia ʻe he fanga kiʻi dinoflagellate ʻa e koná, ʻoku ʻikai lava ke tomuʻa fakapapauʻi ʻa e ika ia ʻoku koná.

Ko e toe kovi angé, ʻoku kei faingataʻa pē ke fai ha sivi ʻikai fakamole paʻanga mo alafalalaʻanga ki he kona ʻa e iká. Ko e meʻa lelei taha pē ʻe lava ke fai ʻe he ngaahi kautaha ki he moʻui leleí ʻi he taimi ní, ko hono tala ki he kakaí ʻa e ika ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei aí pea mo e feituʻu ʻe maʻu nai ai ʻa e ngaahi iká ni, ʻa ia ko e fakamatala ʻoku maʻu mei he ngaahi keisi CFP kuo līpooti ki aí. ʻOku kau ʻi he ngaahi faʻahinga ika ʻoku mahaloʻi lahi ʻoku koná ʻa e hapatuú, ngatala, valulouniu, mūmea, rockfish mo e palú pea pehē foki ki he toke lanu pulepulé. Ko e ngaahi ika motuʻa mo lalahi angé ʻoku nau faʻa ʻomai ʻa e fakatamaki lahi ange. ʻI he ngaahi feituʻu ʻe niʻihi ʻoku tapui ai ʻe he laó ke fakatau atu ʻa e ika ʻoku malava ke koná. Kae kehe, ʻoku fai ʻa e vakai lahi ko e ika moana ko ia ʻoku ʻikai te nau kai ʻa e ika hakaú mo e ika mei he ngaahi vai māfana leleí ʻoku sai pē ia.

ʻOku fakahuʻunga ʻo pehē ko e ʻasi ʻa e CFP ʻe fakaʻaʻau ke lahi. ʻI ha tuʻunga, ʻoku hoko ʻení koeʻuhi ʻoku fakatupu ʻe he feo maté ha ʻātakai ʻa ia ʻoku tokoni ia ki he tupu fakautuutu ʻa e fanga kiʻi dinoflagellate koná, pea ʻoku pehē ʻe he ngaahi līpōtí ʻoku ʻalu ke lahi ʻa e ngaahi hakau feo ʻoku mahakiʻia pe fakaʻaʻau ke maté.

Neongo ʻa e ʻikai lava ke tomuʻa ʻiloʻi ʻa e CFP, ʻe lava ke ke fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e fakatuʻutāmakí ʻaki ʻa e muimui ki ha ngaahi fakahinohino pau. (Sio ki he puha ʻi ʻolungá.) Naʻe mei mate ʻa Arebonto koeʻuhí naʻe ʻikai te ne muimui ki he ngaahi fakahinohino ko iá. Naʻá ne kai ʻa e ʻulu mo e kakano ʻo ha rockfish ʻi honau feituʻú ʻa ia ʻoku ʻiloa ʻokú ne ʻomai ha fakatuʻutāmaki lahi. Naʻá ne ʻosi kai ʻe ia ʻa e faʻahinga ika ko iá ki muʻa ʻo ʻikai ke puke ia ai, pea ʻi he hangē pē ko e kau nofo tokolahi kehe ʻi he motú, naʻá ne hoko ʻo loto-falala tōtuʻa.

ʻOku ʻuhinga nai e meʻa ne toki lave ki aí ʻoku totonu ke ke fakaʻehiʻehi koe mei he meʻatahí, ʻi haʻo ʻeveʻeva mālōlō ki he talopikí? Mole ke mamaʻo. Ko e ʻalunga fakapotopotó ke talangofua ki he ngaahi fakatokangá pea ke fili fakalelei ʻa e ika te ke kaí.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 29]

Ngaahi Fakaʻilonga Anga-Maheni

◼ Fakalele, ongoʻi tokotokakovi, lua, mingi ʻa e uoua ʻo e keté

◼ Fakamokosia, tautaʻa, ninimo, langa ʻulu, velia

◼ Ongonoa pe ongoʻi makini ʻa e ngutú, ongo nimá pe vaʻé

◼ Femaliuaki fakaeongo, ʻo ongoʻi ʻoku vela ʻa e meʻa ʻoku momokó pea ongoʻi ʻoku momoko ʻa e meʻa ʻoku velá

◼ Langa ʻa e ngaahi uouá mo e ngaahi hokotanga huí pea mamahi mo e tuʻu ofí

◼ Tuai e tā ʻa e mafú, māʻulalo ʻa e totó, ongosia

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 29]

Fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e Fakatuʻutāmakí

◼ ʻEke ki he kautaha toutai ʻi ho feituʻú pe kau mataotao he toutaí ʻo fekauʻaki mo e ika ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei aí pea mo e ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e ika ʻoku koná.

◼ Fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono kai ʻa e ika mei he ngaahi feituʻu ʻa ia naʻe toki līpooti mai ne ʻi ai ʻa e ciguatera.

◼ Fakaʻehiʻehi mei hono kai ʻa e ngaahi ika hakau ʻoku motuʻa mo lalahi angé.

◼ ʻOua ʻe kai ʻa e ʻulú, ʻaté pe ngaahi toʻotoʻonga kehé.

◼ ʻI he taimi pē ʻokú ke maʻu ai ha ika hakau, fakangākau fakalelei ia.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 28, 29]

Ika ʻoku faʻa maʻu ai ʻa e CFP

(ʻE KEHEKEHE NAI ʻA E NGAAHI HINGOA ANGA-MAHENÍ)

Palu

Hapatū

Ngatala

“Rockfish”

Valulouniu

Toke lanu pulepule

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 28]

Ko e “dinoflagellate” ʻa ia ko e tupuʻanga ʻo e koná

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 28]

Katōa ʻa e fanga iká tuku kehe ʻa e toké: Illustrated by Diane Rome Peebles - Provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Division of Marine Fisheries Management; toke: Photo by John E. Randall; dinoflagellate: Image by D. Patterson and R. Andersen, provided courtesy of micro*scope (http://microscope.mbl.edu)

[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 29]

Puipuituʻa ʻo e fanga iká: Illustrated by Diane Rome Peebles - Provided by the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, Division of Marine Fisheries Management