Ko e Paʻangá ko Ho Pule pe Sevāniti?

ʻOKÚ KE puke ʻi he mahaki hohaʻa ki he paʻangá? ʻI he līpōtí, ko e tuʻunga ko ení ʻokú ne uesia ʻa e peseti lahi ʻo e kakai ʻo e māmaní. Ko e hā ia?

Naʻe faʻu ki muí ni ʻe Dr. Roger Henderson, ko ha tokotaha fakatotolo ki he moʻui lelei fakaʻatamaí ʻi he Puleʻanga Fakatahataha Pilitāniá, ʻa e foʻi lea ko e mahaki hohaʻa ki he paʻangá ke uiʻaki ʻa e fakaʻilonga fakaesino mo fakaʻatamai ʻoku hokosia ʻe he kakai ʻoku nau loto-mafasia ʻi he hohaʻa ki he paʻangá. Ko e fakaʻilongá ʻoku kau ai ʻa e nounou e mānavá, langa ʻulu, tokotokakovi, mahaki kili, siʻi e kaí, ʻita noaʻia, manavasiʻi, mo e fakakaukau taʻepau. “Ko e hohaʻa ki he paʻangá ko ha tupuʻanga lahi ia ʻo e loto-mafasiá,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa Henderson.

ʻOku ʻikai totonu ke fakaʻohovale ʻi he lolotonga ʻa e ngaahi māhina ki mui ní kuo maʻukovia ai ʻa e kakai tokolahi ange ʻe he ngaahi mahaki ʻo e loto-moʻua felāveʻi mo e paʻangá. Ko e tōlalo fakapaʻanga lolotonga ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi kuo iku ai ʻo mole ʻa e ngāué, ngaahi ʻapí, mo e paʻanga fakafoʻituitui naʻe fakahuú ʻi ha tuʻunga fakaemāmani lahi. Kuo mate ʻa e ngaahi fuʻu kautaha paʻanga lalahí, pea naʻa mo e ngaahi puleʻanga tuʻumālie tahá kuo nau ngāueʻaki ha ngaahi founga fakavavevave ke taʻofiʻaki ʻa e tōlalo fakaʻaufuli ʻa e tuʻunga fakapaʻangá. ʻI he māmani langalanga haké, ko e mahiki e totongi ʻo e meʻakaí mo e ngaahi koloa tefito kehé kuo toe fakatupunga ai ʻa e loto-hohaʻa lahi.

Ko e faingataʻaʻia fakapaʻangá ʻoku toe hoko lahi ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku maʻu ai ʻa e meʻa lahí. Lolotonga ʻa e ngaahi taʻu ki muí ni ʻo e tuʻumālie fakapaʻangá, kuo fakamamahiʻi ʻa e kakai tokolahi ʻe he loto-moʻua ki he paʻangá. Hangē ko ení, ko e Witness, ko ha nusipepa ʻAfilika Tonga, naʻe līpooti ai ʻo pehē ʻoku mafola ʻi ʻAfilika “ʻi ha tuʻunga māmālie ha mahaki fakasōsiale ʻo e maʻu ʻo fuʻu hulú, tuʻunga fakakomēsialé mo e tuli lahi ki he meʻa fakamatelié.” Naʻe fakahokohoko ʻi he nusipepá ʻa e fakaʻilonga ʻe niʻihi ʻo e “mahaki” ko ení, ʻo kau ai ʻa e “loto-taʻotaʻomia, hohaʻa he lahi ʻo e moʻuá, lahi ʻo e fakamolé, ngāue ʻo fuʻu tōtuʻa, ongoʻi masiva, meheka mo e loto-mafasia.” Naʻe tukuakiʻi ki he paʻangá ʻa e hōloa hokohoko ʻa e tuʻunga ʻo e moʻui ʻa e tangatá ʻi ʻAfiliká.

Ki muʻa ʻi he faingataʻa fakapaʻanga ki mui ní, naʻe aʻusia ai ʻe ʻInitia ha vahaʻa taimi ʻo e tupu fakaʻekonōmika tuʻu-ki-muʻa. Naʻe līpooti ʻi he India Today International ʻo pehē ko e 2007 ko ha taʻu ia ʻa ia ko e fonuá naʻe “ngaʻunu vave ki muʻa ki ha lēvolo foʻou ʻo e fakamole lahi fakaʻulia.” Neongo ia, ʻi he taimi ko iá, naʻe ilifia ʻa e kau ʻōfisa aí naʻa iku ʻa e tuʻumālie ʻa ʻInitiá ki he fakautuutu ʻo e taʻemanongá pea naʻa mo e fakamālohi.

Lolotonga foki ʻa e vahaʻa taimi tatau ko iá, ko ha toʻutangata foʻou ʻo e kakai kei talavou ʻi ʻAmeliká naʻa nau fakahāhā ha hehema ki he fakamole lahi ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻoku ʻikai loko fiemaʻu. Kae kehe, ko ʻenau fakamole lahí naʻe ʻikai te ne ʻomai ai kia kinautolu ha fiefia. Naʻe pehē ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e tuʻumālié ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi tupuʻanga tefito ʻo e ʻolokahōliká, loto-mafasiá mo e taonakita ʻi aí. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi he fakatotolo ʻe taha neongo ʻa e maʻu ʻo e meʻa lahi mo e koloaʻiá, “ko e siʻi hifo ʻi he vahe tolu ʻe taha ʻo e kau ʻAmelika kotoa pē” naʻa nau taukaveʻi ʻoku nau “fiefia ʻaupito.”

ʻI he Tafaʻaki ʻe Tahá

ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, ʻi he taimi leleí mo e taimi koví, ko e kakai tokolahi—fakatouʻosi ʻa e koloaʻiá mo e masivá—ʻoku nau ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻatā mei he loto-moʻua fekauʻaki mo e paʻangá pea mo e koloa fakamatelié. Ko e hā ʻoku kehekehe aí?

ʻI ha līpooti kuo fakakaveinga ko e Meaning of Money, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he kau fakatotoló ko e kakai ʻe niʻihi ʻoku “ueʻi lahi kinautolu ʻe he paʻangá pea puleʻi ʻe he paʻangá. ʻE taki atu nai eni ki he loto-mamahi mo e puke fakaeongo.” ʻI hono kehé, naʻa nau toe pehē: “Ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau fakapatiseti lelei ʻenau paʻangá ʻoku nau hehema ai ke ongoʻi ʻoku nau puleʻi e meʻa pē ʻanautolú mo maʻu ʻa e ongoʻi lelei ʻia kinautolu. Ko kinautolu ʻa e kau pule ki he paʻangá ʻo ʻikai ko e kau tamaioʻeiki ki he paʻangá . . . ʻOku mau fakapapauʻi ko e faʻahinga ʻoku nau fakapatiseti lelei ʻenau paʻangá ʻe siʻi ange nai ai ʻenau loto-mamahí, pea siʻi ange ai ʻa e ongoʻi mafasiá.”

Ko e hā hoʻo fakakaukau ki he paʻangá? ʻOku anga-fēfē hono uesia koe ʻe he natula liliu vave ʻo e tuʻunga fakaʻekonōmika ʻo e māmaní? Ko e paʻangá ʻa ho pulé pe ko hoʻo sevāniti? Mahalo pē ʻoku ʻikai te ke hokosia ʻa e ngaahi fakaʻilonga ʻo e mahaki ʻoku taku ko e hohaʻa ki he paʻangá. Neongo ia, pe ʻokú ke koloaʻia pe masiva, ʻoku tau moʻuangofua kotoa ʻi he ngaahi nunuʻa kovi ʻo e hohaʻa ki he paʻangá. Fakakaukau angé ki he founga ʻe ʻoatu ai kiate koe ʻe he feʻunuʻaki e anga ʻo hoʻo ngāueʻaki hoʻo paʻangá ʻa e nonga lahi ange mo ha moʻui fiefia ange.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 4]

Ko e paʻangá nai ko ho pule kapau . . .

◻ ʻOkú ke fakaʻehiʻehi mei he lāulea ki he meʻa fakapaʻangá koeʻuhi ko e loto-moʻua ʻoku tupu mei aí

◻ Ko e paʻangá ʻoku faʻa hoko ko e kaveinga ia ʻo e fakakikihi ʻi he fāmilí

◻ ʻOkú ke fakamole paʻanga tōtuʻa

◻ ʻOkú ke hohaʻa maʻu pē fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi moʻuá

◻ ʻOku ʻikai te ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e paʻanga ʻokú ke maʻú

◻ ʻOku ʻikai te ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e paʻanga naʻá ke fakamolé

◻ ʻOku ʻikai te ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e lahi ʻo e paʻanga ʻokú ke moʻuaʻakí

◻ ʻOku faʻa lahi ange ho moʻuá ʻi he meʻa ʻokú ke ʻamanaki atu ki aí

◻ ʻOkú ke faʻa totongi tōmui ho ngaahi moʻuá

◻ ʻOkú ke malava ke totongi ʻa e moʻua siʻisiʻi pē ʻi he kaati toho paʻangá

◻ ʻOkú ke totongi ho moʻuá ʻaki e paʻanga naʻe fakataumuʻa ki he ngaahi meʻa kehé

◻ ʻOkú ke ngāue lahi ange koeʻuhí pē ke totongi ho ngaahi moʻuá

◻ Kuó ke fai ha ngaahi nō foʻou ke tāpuni ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi nō motuʻá

◻ ʻOkú ke ngāueʻaki hoʻo paʻanga naʻe tuku tauhí ke totongi ʻa e ngaahi moʻua anga-mahení

◻ ʻOkú ke ʻiloʻi ʻoku meimei taʻemalava ke toe ha paʻanga ʻo aʻu ki he ʻosi ʻa e māhiná

◻ ʻOkú ke ongoʻi ʻoku tenge koe ke ke tānaki ha fuʻu paʻanga lahi

◻ ʻOkú ke tofanga ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻilonga fakaesino mo fakaʻatamai ko e tupu mei he mafasia ʻi he meʻa felāveʻi mo e paʻangá

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Maʻuʻanga fakamatala: Money Sickness Syndrome, by Dr. Roger Henderson