ʻOku Hoko ʻa e Masivá ʻo Toe Masiva Ange
“ʻOku ʻikai lava moʻoni ke lakalakaimonū mo fiefia ha sōsaieti, ʻa ia ko e konga lahi mamaʻo ange ʻo hono kau mēmipá ʻoku nau masiva mo loto-mamahi.”
NAʻE fai ʻe he faiʻekonōmika ko Adam Smith ʻa e fakamatala ko iá ʻi he senituli hono 18. ʻOku tuipau ʻa e tokolahi ko e moʻoni ʻo e meʻa naʻá ne leaʻakí ʻoku toe maeʻeeʻa ange ia he ʻahó ni. Ko e fuʻu faikehekehe ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e koloaʻiá mo e masivá kuo hoko ia ʻo toe hā mahino ange. ʻI he ʻOtu Motu Filipainí, ko e vahe tolu ʻe taha ʻo e kakaí ʻoku nau moʻui ʻi he meʻa siʻisiʻi ange ʻi he $1 (U.S.) he ʻaho, ko e lahi ia ʻoku faʻa maʻu pē ʻi ha ngaahi miniti ʻi he ngaahi fonua tuʻumālie angé. Ko e Human Development Report 2002 ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ʻoku pehē ai “ko e 5% ʻo e kakai koloaʻia taha he māmaní ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e paʻanga hū mai lahi ange ʻaki ʻa e liunga 114 ʻi he 5% ʻo e faʻahinga masiva tahá.”
Lolotonga ʻoku nofo ʻa e niʻihi ʻi ha tuʻunga fakafiemālie fakangatangata, ʻoku nofo taʻefakalao ʻa e laui miliona ʻi ha ngaahi konga kelekele, ʻo fokotuʻu ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi palepale ʻi ha feituʻu pē te nau malavá. ʻOku ʻikai ke faingamālie pehē ʻa e niʻihi kehé; ʻoku nau nofo ʻi he halá, mo ha kiʻi ngeʻesi puha pepa pe milemila nai ke faliki ʻaki mei he kelekelé. Ko e tokolahi ʻo kinautolú ʻoku nau fāinga ke maʻu ʻa e moʻuí ʻi ha founga pē te nau malava aí—ʻo maʻu moʻui ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga vevé, hiki holo ʻa e ngaahi kavenga mamafa, pe tānaki ʻi ha fanga kiʻi saliote ʻa e ngaahi meʻa hangē ko e ngeʻesi kapá ke fakatau atu.
ʻOku ʻikai ngata pē ʻi hono maʻu ʻa e ʻikai tatau ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e koloaʻiá mo e masivá ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké, kae hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻe he Pangikē ʻa Māmaní, “‘ko e fanga kiʻi tafaʻaki kehe ʻo e masivá’ ʻoku ʻiloa ia ʻi he fonua kotoa pē.” Mei Pengikolotesi ki he ʻIunaite Seteté, ʻo tatau ai pē ʻi he tuʻumālie nai ʻa e niʻihi, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau fāinga ke maʻu ha meʻa feʻunga ke kai pe ke maʻu ha nofoʻanga. Naʻe lave ʻa e New York Times ki ha līpooti ʻa e Potungāue Tohi Kakai ʻa e U.S. he 2001 ʻo fakahaaʻi ai ko e motuhia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e koloaʻiá mo e masivá ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté kuo hokohoko atu ʻene fakautuutú. Naʻe pehē ai: “Ko hono vahe nima ʻo e tuʻumālie taha ʻo e kakaí naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e vaeua ʻo e kotoa ʻo e paʻanga hū mai ʻa e ngaahi fāmilí kotoa ʻi he taʻu kuo ʻosí . . . Ko e vahe nima masiva tahá naʻa nau maʻu ʻa e peseti ʻe 3.5.” Ko e tuʻungá ʻoku tatau pe kovi ange ia ʻi he ngaahi fonua lahi kehé. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi ha līpooti ʻa e Pangikē ʻi Māmaní ko e peseti nai ʻe 57 ʻo e kakai ʻo e māmaní ʻoku nau moʻuiʻaki ʻa e meʻa siʻi ange ʻi he $2 he ʻaho.
Ke ʻai ʻo toe kovi ange ʻa e meʻá, ʻi he 2002, naʻe fakahohaʻasi ai ʻa e laui miliona ʻe he ngaahi līpooti ʻo e kau pule ngāue naʻa nau hoko ʻo tuʻumālie ʻi he malumalu ʻo e ngaahi tuʻunga ala fehuʻia. Neongo kapau naʻe ʻikai fai fakahangatonu ha meʻa taʻefakalao, kuo ongoʻi ʻe he tokolahi ko e kau ʻōfisa fakaekautaha ko ení, hangē ko ia ʻoku fakahaaʻi ʻi he makasini Fortune, “ne nau hoko ʻo tuʻumālie fakaʻulia, anga-kehe mo ʻi he tuʻunga fakalielia.” ʻI he fakakaukau atu ki he meʻa ʻoku hoko ʻi he māmaní, ʻoku fifili ʻa e niʻihi pe ʻe lava fēfē ke fakatonuhiaʻi ʻa e fuʻu paʻanga lahi taʻeʻamanekina peheé, ʻa ia ʻoku fakafuofua ki he tola ʻe laui teau miliona ki ha faʻahinga tāutaha, lolotonga ia ʻoku moʻui ʻa e fuʻu tokolahi ʻi he tuʻunga masivá.
ʻE ʻi Heni ʻo Taʻengata ʻa e Masivá?
ʻOku ʻikai ke pehē ia heni ʻoku ʻikai feinga ha taha ke fai ha meʻa fekauʻaki mo e faingataʻaʻia ʻa e masivá. Ko e kau ʻōfisa fakapuleʻanga fakataumuʻa leleí mo e ngaahi kautaha tokoní kuo nau fai moʻoni ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻu ki ha liliu. Ka neongo ia, ʻoku kei fakalotosiʻi ai pē ʻa e ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻá. ʻOku pehē ʻe he Human Development Report 2002 ko e “ngaahi fonua lahi ʻoku nau masiva ange ʻo laka ia ʻi he taʻu ʻe 10, 20 pea ʻi he ngaahi tuʻunga ʻe niʻihi ʻi he taʻu ʻe 30 kuo maliu atú,” neongo ʻa e ngaahi feinga lelei lahi ke fai ha fakalakalaká.
ʻOku tuku heni ʻa e masivá taʻehaʻamanaki? ʻOku mau fakaafeʻi atu koe ke ke lau ʻa e kupu hoko maí ke vakai ai ki he niʻihi ʻo e poto ʻaonga ʻa ia ʻe lava ke tokoni he taimí ni pē, pea pehē ki he ngaahi fakaleleiʻanga ʻa ia ne ʻikai nai te ke fakakaukau ki ai.