Aberekuri Ho Ahintasɛm A Wɔhwehwɛ Mu

Efi Nyan! kyerɛwfo a ɔwɔ Ireland hɔ

ABEREKURI ho asɛm kyeree Aristotle, Helani nyansapɛfo no adwene. Nanso ɛmfa ho mpɛn dodow a ɔyɛɛ saa mpataa a wɔte sɛ awɔ a wɔn ho toromtorom yi ho nhwehwɛmu no, wanhu awo ho akwaa anaa nkesua biara wɔ wɔn ho. Ɔkae sɛ: “Aberekuri nyɛ onini anaa ɔbere, na ontumi nwo mma.” Ɔde baa awiei sɛ: “Wonya aberekuri fi nea wɔse wɔfrɛ no ‘asase yam ade’ a efifi atɛkyɛ ne asase a emu yɛ nwunu mu no mu.”

Nnɛyi nhwehwɛmufo ahu saa aberekuri ho ahintasɛm pɔtee yi ho ade. Christopher Moriarty a ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ Department of the Marine a ɛwɔ Ireland no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, bere a wohu nkesua a egu ahorow wɔ mpataa ahorow mu no, wonhu kesua ketewaa koraa mpo wɔ aberekuri mu. Ɔka sɛ: “Aberekuri mmadwoa kotoku nna adi pefee​—ɛyɛ nea wonhu koraa wɔ wɔn mma mu, na wɔ wɔn a wɔanyinyin mu no ɛyɛ biribi fitaa a ɛbeabea wɔn yam.”

Esiane sɛ ɛde besi nnɛyi mpo wɔnkyeree aberekuri a ɔreto nkesua pɛn nti, wubetumi ate nea entia asɛm no kyeree Aristotle adwene no ase. Esiane sɛ na onni microscope (afiri a ɛma nneɛma nketewaa yɛ akɛse) nti, na ɔkwan biara nni hɔ a ɔnam so betumi ahu aberekuri fibea no.

Bere a nyansahufo ahu aberekuri ho ahintasɛm yi mu no, wɔahu nneɛma afoforo bi a ɛda so ara kyere adwene. Sɛ nhwɛso no, susuw Europa nsubɔnten mu aberekuri asetra ho hwɛ sɛ ɛrenyɛ wo nwonwa a.

Ne Fibea ho Ahintasɛm

Fefɛw bere biara mu no, aberekuri mma nketenkete a wɔn tenten yɛ sɛntimita 5 anaa 8 ɔpepem pii​—a wɔfrɛ wɔn elvers (aberekuri mma)​—ba Europa Atɔe fam ne Afrika Atifi fam mpoano. Ɛhe na wofi ba? Ɛde besi 1920 mfe no mu no, na obiara nnim beae a wofi ba.

Nanso, aka kakraa ma afeha a ɛtɔ so 19 no aba awiei no, wohuu nneɛma bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa a aboa ma wɔahu ahintasɛm yi mu. Wohui sɛ aberekuri, te sɛ apɔtorɔ ne afofantɔ no, asetra fi ase wɔ tebea foforo mu. Mmoa ne afifide ho nyansahufo hui nea edi kan sɛ apataa hweaa hanahana a wɔfrɛ no leptocephalus, a ne ti ketewaa na ne suban te sɛ ahaban teaa bi, na ɔdane bɛyɛ ɔsã hanahana a wɔfrɛ no gyirase aberekuri.

Bere a wohuu abusuabɔ a ɛda leptocephalus ne gyirase aberekuri ntam no, afei de na wobetumi afa aberekuri ɔsã no so atumi ahu wɔn fibea. Denmarkni ɛpo mu nneɛma ho ɔdenimfo, Johannes Schmidt hui wɔ 1922 mu sɛ Atlantic po mu aberekuri nyinaa tow wɔn nkesua wɔ Sargasso po kɛse a wura fuw mu wɔ North Atlantic no mu. Amerika ne Europa aberekuri nyinaa tow wɔn nkesua wɔ hɔ, na ahintasɛm foforo bi wɔ ɛno nso ho.

Wɔfa Akwan Ahorow So

Amerika ne Europa aberekuri asã nyinaa di mpaapaemu fa wɔn akwan so wɔ beae bi a ɛbɛn Bermuda. Nhoma The Fresh & Salt Water Fishes of the World ka sɛ: “Sɛnea wɔhu akwan a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔfa so bere a wɔn mu biara nhuu wɔn ‘fie’ da no nso yɛ asɛm a wonnyaa mu ahuye. Nhoma no kɔ so ka sɛ: “Amerika aberekuri no kwan a wotwa bɛyɛ kilomita 1,600; akwantu no gye wɔn afe biako. Europa aberekuri twa kwan kilomita 5,000 anaa nea ɛboro saa, na wɔn akwantu no gye wɔn nea ɛreyɛ adu mfe abiɛsa. Ade koro a ɛyɛ nwonwa nso ne sɛnea aberekuri abien yi [a ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu nsonsonoe a ɛwom] mu biara nyin yɛ soronko ma enti bere a wɔn mu biara bedu beae a wɔrekɔ no na wɔn nyinaa kɛse ayɛ pɛ.”

Awosu mu biribi a ɛyɛ nwonwa kyerɛ aberekuri ahorow abien no kwan ma wɔfa wɔn akwan a egu ahorow no so. Wɔ saa adeyɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho no, nhoma Fishes of Lakes, Rivers & Oceans ka sɛ: “Ɔkwan a wɔfa so ne nea enti a wotumi tu saa kwan nwonwaso yi kyere adwene te sɛ nea na wɔn fibea ho asɛm te wɔ Aristotle bere so no ara pɛ.”

Atare ne Asubɔnten mu Asetra

Bere a aberekuri mma yi a wɔrenyin a afei wɔn kɔla ayɛ sikasika-nnodoe no wie wɔn po mu akwantu no, wofi awosu mu guare kɔ nsubɔnten atifi kowie wɔn akwantu no wɔ atare ne nsuten mu, mmeae a wonyinyin wie a wotumi di mfe 15 ne akyiri. Wodi akwanside ahorow nyinaa so de du wɔn botae ho.

Nhoma The Royal Natural History ka sɛnea “mpataa nketewa pii yi a wɔretu kwan no tumi ma nsubɔnten ano ano yɛ tumm” no ho asɛm. Ɛkɔ so ka sɛ: “Wɔahu sɛ saa aberekuri nkumaa yi foro kɔ koko so, wɔfoforo nnurubɛn a wɔtwe nsu fam a ano deda nsubɔnten mu . . . na wɔbɔ aporɔw wɔ asasesin bi a atɛkyɛ wɔ so so sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobenya mmeae a ɛfata atra.”

Wɔ Asubɔnten Bann a ɛwɔ Nothern Ireland mu no, apofofo de antweri a wɔde sare ayeyɛ toto asubɔnten no afã horow a ɛhɔ fa yɛ den no. Ɛha no, aberekuri mma foforo saa nhama yi kɔ nsubura bi a wɔahyɛ da ayeyɛ mu na wɔkan wɔn​—wonya 20,000,000 afe biara!

Wɔn Nsakrae ne Wɔn Akwantu

Sɛ aberekuri nyin du sɛ wobetumi ato nkesua a, anwonwasɛm foforo bi nso si. Nhoma Fishes of the Sea ka sɛ: “Sɛ wonyinyin du bere a wobetumi ato nkesua a, nsakrae ahorow ba wɔn ho. Wɔn aniwa yeyɛ akɛseakɛse na ɛbɛyɛ nea wotumi de hu ade yiye wɔ po ase tɔnn; wɔn yafunu fi ase fonfɔn na wɔn mmadwoa mu bae. Wɔn ho kɔla sakra fi sikasika-nnodoe bɛyɛ nsonso.”

Ahohoru bere biara, aberekuri a wɔadu sɛ wotumi to nkesua fi kilomita 5,000 akwantu ase san kɔ Sargasso po no mu bio. Obiara nnim ɔkwan a wɔnam so tumi tu po so kwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi. Wogyae adidi, na asram-asia akwantu no mu no, srade a wɔanya wɔ wɔn mu dedaw no na ɛboa wɔn ma wotumi tra ase.

Mmoa ne afifide ho nyansahufo ka sɛ, sɛ wɔsan kodu Sargasso po a emu dɔ no mu pɛ a, aberekuri bere no to nkesua fi ɔpepem 10 kosi 20, na onini no ma nkwa bam. Afei wɔn a wɔanyinyin no wuwu. Nkesua a nkwa abam no bɛtetɛ nsu no ani na ɛpaapae yɛ leptocephalus a ɛte sɛ ahaban, na asetra kwan foforo fi ase bio.

Na dɛn nti na wɔnkyeree aberekuri bi a ɔreto nkesua da? Christopher Moriarty ka sɛ: “Esiane sɛ wɔn akwaa ahorow a wodidi gu mu sɛe nti wonnidi bio, na wɔn a wɔto nnarewa ntumi nkye wɔn.” Ɔtoa so sɛ: “Wɔto nkesua wɔ po mu beae a emu dɔ yiye, na esiane sɛ Sargasso Po no trɛw sen Britain ne Ireland Nsupɔw no a wɔaka abom, na aberekuri yɛ mmoa a wotumi de wɔn ho suma nti, wobetumi aguan afi po so hyɛn a etu mmirika kɛse a wɔde yi mpataa no ho bere nyinaa.”

Ebia wobehu aboa soronko yi ho ahintasɛm nyinaa mu daakye. Nanso, sɛnea nhwehwɛmufo Moriarty kyerɛ no, sɛ yɛreka mpataa a wɔn ho yɛ nwonwa ho asɛm a, ɛnde ‘aberekuri da nsow koraa.’

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 18]

Nnuan Ahorow a Wɔde Aberekuri Yɛ

Bere a ɛbɛyɛ ebinom abofono sɛ wɔbɛte sɛ wodi aberekuri no, wobu no sɛ apataa a ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ wiase no afã pii. So wobɛpɛ sɛ wosɔ hwɛ? Nyan! bisaa obi a ɔnoa aduan wɔ Northern Ireland sɛnea wɔnoa apataa no. Ne nsusuwii a ɔde mae no mu abien ni:

Aberekuri Abom: Wubehia aberekuri abien a wɔsoso kakra a wɔn tenten bɛyɛ sɛ sɛntimita 50 anaa nea ɛte saa. Ɛho hia sɛ woworɔw wɔn ho na wuyiyi wɔn mu nkasɛɛ na wutwitwam asinasin bɛyɛ sɛntimita 5. Wubehia anwa atere ketewa nan; aanwo pii a woayam; ahaban a ɛyɛ huam te sɛ akokɔbɛsa; akutu biako mu nsu; akutu hono a wɔatwiw kakra; mmako kɔkɔɔ kakra; nkyene kakra; ne bobesa kɔkɔɔ kakraa.

Fa anwa no gu kuku anaa kankyee bi a ɛto yɛ duru a atosode no nyinaa bɛko mu mu. Fa aanwo a wɔayam, akokɔbɛsa no, akutu mu nsu ne akutu hono a wɔayam, ne mmako kɔkɔɔ no ka ho. Hyɛ aberekuri a wɔatwitwam asinasin no nkyene na fa gu kankyee no mu. Hwie bobesa no gu so, na fa nsu a ɛdɔɔso a ɛbɛkata aberekuri no so ka ho. Fa ogya a ano nyɛ den kɛse noa bɛyɛ simma 30 a wonkata so kosi sɛ aberekuri no bɛbene. Di wɔ prɛte a ɛyɛ hyew so.

Aberekuri Ntitii: Anyɛ yiye koraa no fa aberekuri nam a wɔaworɔw ho ayiyim nkasɛɛ atwitwam bɛyɛ kuruwa ma gu kankyee a wɔnoa mu mu. Fa gyeene a wɔatwitwa, karɔt, ne ahaban bi a ɛyɛ huam, nkyene ne mmako ne nsu a ɛdɔɔso, fa bobesa fitaa anaa aprɛ mu nsu a akaw gu so ma ɛnkata atosode no so. Kata so ma enhuruw nkakrankakra bɛyɛ dɔnhwerew fã. Fa aberekuri nam asinasin a woanoa no gu ade mu. Noa atosode ahorow a aka no ara kosi sɛ ɛbɛba fam kakra, afei sɔne ɛho nsu no gu aberekuri nam asinasin no so. Tow atosode no gu. Ma nam no ne nsu no nwo nnan ntitii. Fa fa paanoo a wɔatoto anim na fa anonne a wɔde ankama ayɛ ka ho di.

[Adaka wɔ kratafa 19]

So na Wunim?

Europa aberekuri bere a wanyin awie no tenten bɛyɛ mita biako, na onini no tenten nso bɛyɛ abere no de no fã ara.

Aberekuri a wɔanyinyin a wɔwo atare a asase atwa ho ahyia mu ntu kwan.

Wotumi tra nsu a ɛtete saa mu bɛyɛ mfe 50 anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Aberekuri betumi adi asase kesee so nnɔnhwerew 48.

Aberekuri a onyini sen biara a wɔayɛ ne ho kyerɛwtohɔ ne ɔbere bi a na wɔfrɛ no Putte. Owui 1948 wɔ Denmark mpataa yɛmmea a na wadi mfe 85.

Aberekuri tumi te ade hua ntɛm, anyɛ yiye koraa no ɔte ade hua te sɛ ɔkraman.

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 17]

Aberekuri ɔpepem pii wɔ Asubɔnten Bann a ɛwɔ Ireland mu