Wiase No Fi 1914

Ɔfã 3: 1935-1940 Amanaman Apam No Hinhim Kɔ Ne Wu Mu

NÁ AMANAMAN Apam no yɛ abofra yarefo fi awo mu. Abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo H. Gatzke se na ne nhyiam a edi kan a wɔyɛɛ no 1920 mu no “yɛ Europa tumi akɛse a wɔhwehwɛ wɔn ankasa yiyedi, na wɔpɛ sɛ wɔde Apam no di wɔn amammui atirimpɔw ho dwuma nhyiam mmom sen sɛ anka ɛbɛyɛ wiase amanaman nhyiam.” Ɛnkosi sɛ wobetumi atu ɔmampɛ nsusuwii ase no, na abofra no nkwa bɛkɔ so ada asiane mu.

Wɔ 1980 mfe no mfiase no, na ɛda adi sɛ Apam no mufo pii aba mu abu. Sɛ nhwɛso no. Italy tee nka sɛ ennya wiase no mu nneɛma a wonya fi asase mu ne asase so no sɛnea ɛfata ne sɛ wɔmma onnya kwan wɔ wiase aguadi ne adwuma nhyehyɛe mu. Enti wɔ 1985 mu no, ɔkɔto hyɛɛ Etiopia so. Japan nso, bere a ɔwɔ ɔhaw a ɛte saa ara no, tu kɔɔ China so wɔ 1937 mu. Wɔ nsɛm abien yi biara mu no, Apam no antumi anyɛ ho hwee.

Ɛdaa adi sɛ, na Apam a ennii mfe 20 no nyɛ aberantewaa ahoɔdenfo a na n’akyigyinafo pɛ sɛ ɔyɛ no. Na ne yare a wonnya ano aduru no afi ase haw adwene wɔ 1936 mu bere a sɛnea abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Hermann Graml kyerɛ no, “na tebea [a ɛwɔ Apam no dwumadibea kɛse hɔ] wɔ Geneva no te sɛ nea wohu wɔ ayi ase no.” Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ anuɔden su a Italy ne Japan yii adi no haw Apam no, ɛnkanka ɔbarima bi a wɔfrɛ no Adolf de no.

“Nea na Hitler Ani Gye ho Kɛse”

Yiw, ná Germany nso bo nnwo. Ná ɛrepere dennen sɛ ɛbɛsan anya dibea bi wɔ Europa akanni mu. Ná Ɔsahene Hans von Seeckt a na ɔyɛ Germany asraafo panyin wɔ 1920 mu no ‘adwene ne sɛ worentumi nsusuw soro bio a Germany bɛsan akɔ a ɔko nka ho ho,’ sɛnea Germanfo nhoma bi kae no; na saa ara nso na Hitler anka sɛ asraafo dwumadi ho renhia. Enti, sɛnea Germanfo asraafo abakɔsɛm mu nhwehwɛmu ahyehyɛde bi kae no, “na nniso no dwumadi atitiriw nyinaa [wɔ 1933 ne 1939 mfinimfini hɔ] di akode ho atirimpɔw ho dwuma tẽẽ anaa nea ɛnyɛ tẽẽ.”

Sɛnea Hitler hui no, “na Germanfo ‘yuu’ no yɛ nnipadɔm ɔpepem 85 a wɔka bom yɛ ‘abusua nnyinaso’ a wɔyɛ biako. Ná Darwin nkyerɛkyerɛ kwan so a Hitler fa yɛ ade no hwehwɛ sɛ saa ‘abusua nnyinaso’ yi ko nya n’ankasa ‘asasesin.’” Enti sɛnea Gerhard Schulz a ɔyɛ nnɛyi abakɔsɛm ho ɔbenfo wɔ Tubingen Sukuupɔn mu kyerɛkyerɛ mu no: “Nea na Hitler ani gye ho kɛse ne sɛ ɔde anuɔden bɛko agye nsasesin afoforo afa.”

Saa bere no na Hitler agye din yiye. Sɛ ɛtɔ bere bi a wɔka nsɛm ma sukuufo mmofra kyerɛw, na sɛ nhwɛso no, wotumi ka biribi te sɛ eyi ma wɔkyerɛw: “Sɛnea Yesu begyee adesamma fii bɔne ne hell mu no, saa ara na Hitler gyee German ɔman no fii ɔsɛe mu. Wɔtaa Yesu ne Hitler nyinaa, nanso bere a wɔbɔɔ Yesu asɛndua mu no, Hitler de wɔmaa no so ma ɔbɛyɛɛ ɔmampanyin . . . Yesu hyehyɛɛ ɔsoro nneɛma, na Hitler hyehyɛɛ German asase no.”

Sɛ́ anka wobeyi Kristofo ho a wɔmfa nhyehyɛ wiase nsɛm mu no adi no, nyamesom akannifo de wɔn ho hyɛɛ ɔmanfo abatow amammuisɛm no mu. Saarfo a wɔn mu pii yɛ Katolekfo no gyee nea asɔfo mpanyimfo ka kyerɛɛ wɔn no toom: “Sɛ́ Germanfo Katolekfo no, yɛwɔ asɛyɛde sɛ yegyina yɛn asase no kɛseyɛ, ne yiyedi ne n’asomdwoe akyi.” Na Katolekfo adwumayɛfo akuw ahorow no bɔɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Obi a onni nokware mma n’asase no rentumi nni nokware mma Onyankopɔn.”

Nokwarem no ɛnyɛ obiara na ogye toom. Ɔkyerɛwfo bi a na wagye din saa bere no a wɔfrɛ no Heinrich Mann bɔɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Sɛ wotow aba no ma Hitler a wobɛma no nkwa tenten na wubenya ne nnebɔne no mu kyɛfa . . ., a ɔko a ɔrema aba ɔkwan biara so no ka ho.” Nanso na kɔkɔbɔ nne a ɛte saa no nnɔɔso. Eyi kaa sɛnkyerɛwfo Kurt Tucholsky ma ɔkyerɛwee sɛ “Engiresi, Franse, Amanaman Apam no, amanaman ntam adwumayɛfo akuw ahorow, ne paapa no agyaw” Saarfo no.

Sɛ wususuw saa tebea horow yi ho a, wuhu sɛ na Hitler nkonimdi wɔ ɔmanfo no abatow no mu yɛ ade a ɛda hɔ. Dodow a ɛyɛ ahodwiriw a ɛyɛ ɔha mu 90.8 na wɔtoo aba de kyerɛe sɛ wɔbɛyɛ Germanfo nniso foforo a wɔfrɛ no Reich no fã.

Wɔ saa amannɔne nsɛm mu nkonim kɛse a edi kan yi akyi no, ɛhyɛɛ Hitler nkuran sɛ ɔbɛpere akɔ anim. Ná Amanaman Apam a ɔda ne wu pa so dedaw no yɛ mmerɛw dodo sɛ ɔbɛyɛ ho biribi bere a, wɔ Versailes Apam no mu nsɛm so bu mu no, Hitler san de asraafo kɔɔ Rhine asase no so wɔ 1986 mu no. Wɔ 1938 mu no obiara ansiw no kwan sɛ obegye Austria afa anaasɛ akyiri yi wɔ saa afe no mu no sɛ obegye Sudenten asae a ɛyɛ Czechoslovakia fã a Germanfo te hɔ no, a ɛno dii ɔman mũ no a ɔkɔto hyɛɛ so wɔ 1939 mu no kan no. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wɔkasa tiae dennen, nanso ɛno ara nen.

Ahosiesie​—Ma Dɛn?

Ɛde besi saa bere yi no na Hitler de nhyɛso akɔ so ako a mogyahwiegu nnim. Na ɛnte saa wɔ ntawntawdi a na Italy ne Japan ho wom no mu. Italy nhwehwɛmu nhoma bi a wɔfrɛ no L’uomo e il tempo se: “Wosiesiee Fasist Italyfo ntua a wɔde baa Etiopia so no yiye ankasa na wodii ho dwuma wɔ kwan a ɛma wɔhweree nneɛma kɛse ne wɔ mmoa ahorow mu so.” Saa ɔko no fii ase wɔ 1935 mu, na wɔfaa Etiopia asase no wiei wɔ 1936 mu. Wiase no ho dwiriw no sɛ ɛtee sɛ wɔtotoo atopae na wɔde mframa a ekunkum dii dwuma.

Wɔ Asia no, na Japan ayɛ den wɔ sraadi mu ma enti bere a wɔkae sɛ China abɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛde ɔtopae bɛsɛe South Manchurian Railway adwuma no keteke bi wɔ 1931 mu no, Japan tumi gyinaa eyi so de asraafo kɔɔ Manchuria. Wɔ 1937 mu no, wɔkoduu China ankasa, na wogyee asase no fã kɛse, a nkurow akɛse te sɛ Shanghai, Peking, Nanking, Hankow, ne Canton ka ho.

Bere yi mu no, na Spania ɔman ko no afi ase wɔ 1936 mu wɔ Europa. Hitler ne Mussolini hui sɛ eyi yɛ hokwan a wɔanya a wɔde bɛsɔ wɔn akode ne akodi akwan afoforo ahorow ahwɛ. Te sɛ ako a esii wɔ Manchuria, China, ne Etiopia no, na eyi yɛ ahosiesie ma ade kɛse bi a ɛbɛba daakye. Sɛnea ɔdenimfo biako bi kyerɛe no, wokunkum nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem fã wɔ Spania ntawntawdi no mu. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ wɔtee ho asɛm wɔ wiase nyinaa. Na na sɛ ahosiesie no fata sɛ wobu no asɛnkɛse a, ɛnde na adeyɛ kɛse no ankasa a na ɛbɛba akyiri yi no nso ɛ?

Anyinam Pae Wɔ Europa

Bere a demokrasefo no huu sɛnea nneɛma rekɔ so wɔ wiase no, ɛhaw wɔn. Engiresi Aburokyiri de sraadi a ɛyɛ ɔhyɛ no ho mmara bae. Afei wɔ August 1989 mu no Germany ne Soviet Union de apam a wɔyɛe sɛ wɔrenhaw wɔn ho wɔn ho no maa wiase no ho dwiriw no. Nokwasɛm no ne sɛ na ɛyɛ kokoam apam bi a wɔde rekyɛ Poland asase no mu afa. Bere a Hitler faa no sɛ Atɔe fam demokrasefo no renyɛ ho hwee no, ɔde n’asraafo dɔm kɔɔ Poland bere a na abɔ anɔpa 4:45 wɔ September 1, 1939 mu.

Nanso saa bere yi de odii mfomso. Nnanu akyi no, Engiresi Aburokyiri ne France tuu Germany so sa. Wɔ September 17 mu no, Soviet asraafo fi apuei bɛtow hyɛɛ Poland so, na ɔsram no baa awiei no, na sɛnea ɛho atirimpɔw biara hwehwɛ no, na wɔahu Poland asɛm no ano. Ná Wiase Ko II afi ase a na wɔde asraafo dwumadi a ɛyɛ hare a ɛfata Germanfo kasa Blitzkrieg, a ɛkyerɛ “anyinam ɔko” no na ahyɛ ase. Bere a Hitler hui sɛ wadi nkonim no, ɔkae sɛ ɔne Atɔe fam atumfo no bɛyɛ asomdwoe apam. Germanni abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Walther Hofer kyerɛw sɛ: “Sɛ́ ebia na obu eyi aniberesɛm no nyɛ nea wobetumi aka no ahotoso mu.”

Nea ɛhyɛɛ mfe kakraa a edi kan no ma ne afoforo a wɔtow hyɛɛ wɔn so bere a wɔnhwɛ kwan wɔ ɔhare ne ɔkwan a ɛsɛe ade so. Sovietfo de ɔhare hyɛɛ Estonia, Latvia, ne Lithunia ma wɔmaa kwan maa Sovietfo asraafo bɛtraa wɔn asase so. Bere a wɔkae sɛ Finlandfo nyɛ saa no, ɛpowee, na Sovietfo kɔtow hyɛɛ wɔn so November 30, 1939 mu. March a edi hɔ no, Finland hwehwɛɛ asomdwoe wɔ ɔkwan a Soviet pɛ so.

Nanso wɔ bere no mu no, na Britania ne France asusuw ho sɛ wɔbɛfa Norway a enni afã biara no asase so akɔboa Finland. Nanso bere a Finland hwehwɛɛ asomdwoe na ne Nnamfo no nni biribiara a wobegyina so ayɛ saa bio no, wotuu wɔn agyina no hyɛɛ da. Sɛ nea edi akyiri yi adeyɛ bi kan no, wofii ase de atopae hyehyɛɛ Norwayfo po ase wɔ April 8, 1940 mu. Ɛda a edi hɔ no bere a Norwayfo rekasa tia atopae a wɔde ahyehyɛ wɔn po ase no a wonni adagyew no, Germanfo de asraafo beguu Norway ne Denmark nyinaa a na obiara nhwɛ kwan. Ɛno akyi nea ennu dapɛn biako no, Britania asraafo beduu Norway, nanso wɔ nkonimdi ahorow bi akyi no, na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔsan wɔn akyi esiane amanneɛbɔ ahorow a ɛhaw adwene a wonya fii kesee fam no nti.

Wɔ asram dodow bi mu no na asemmisa a ɛwɔ hɔ ne sɛ: Bere bɛn ne ɛhe na Germany bɛsɔre ahyɛ France? Bere twaam a na asraafo dwumadi pii no ara kɔ so wɔ po so akodi mu nkutoo. Ná biribiara yɛ komm wɔ asase so. Nsɛnkyerɛwfo bi fii ase kaa “ɔko a wonhu” ho asɛm, na ɛnyɛ blitzkrieg bio, na mmom sitzkrieg a ne nkyerɛase ne “faako-tra ɔko.”

Nanso na biribiara nni hɔ a wonhu wɔ mpofirim ntua a Germanfo de bae wɔ May 10, 1940 mu no ho. Bere a wotwaa Maginot Line a ɛyɛ nea ɛbɔ France ho ban wɔ wɔne German hye so no ho no, wɔkɔfaa Aman a Ɛda Fam no mu na wɔde ɔhare twaam wɔ Belgium, na woduu France ahye so May 12. Eduu May 14 no na Netherlands ahwe ase. Afei ɛdenam France kesee fam a wɔbɔ fae so no, German asraafo no kaa Britania, France ne Belgium asraafo ɔpepem pii hyeem a na wɔn akyi kyerɛ Engiresi Suka no. Sɛ anka ɛbɛyɛ sitzkrieg no, na eyi yɛ blitzkrieg wɔ ɔkwan kɛse so!

Wɔ May 26, wɔ Dunkirk a ɛwɔ France no, wofii ogye a ɛsen biara a woahu pɛn wɔ akodi mu no biako ase. Po so asraafo ahyɛn ahorow ne akorow ahorow a wɔde fa akwantufo twee asraafo bɛyɛ 340,000 faa Engiresi Suka no so kɔɔ Britania de gyee wɔn. Nanso ɛnyɛ obiara na onyaa ɔkwan guanee. Wɔ adapɛn abiɛsa mu no Germanfo no faa nnipa bɛboro ɔpepem biako nnomum.

June 10 no, Italy tuu Engiresi Aburokyiri ne France so sa. Afei ɛno akyi nnanan no German dii France so. Ansa na ɔsram no reba awiei no na France ne Germany ayɛ apam sɛ wobegyae ɔko no. Afei de na aka Britania nkutoo. Sɛnea Hofer kyerɛkyerɛ mu no: “Wɔ blitzkrieg kwan a na n’ankasa mpo nsusuw ho so no, na Hitler abɛyɛ Europa Atɔe nyinaa wura.”

Nea ɛne sɛnea Hitler hwɛɛ kwan bɔ abira no, Britaniafo anhwehwɛ asomdwoe. Enti wɔ July 16 no, ɔhyɛe sɛ wɔnyɛ “Operation Sea Lion” a ɛyɛ Britania Nsupɔw no so ntua ho nhyehyɛe. Britania siesiee ne ho maa anyinam a na ɛrebɛpae bio no.

Na Afei Dɛn?

Ná Yehowa Adansefo de mfe pii aka Amanaman Apam no wu ho asɛm bagua mu.a Afei de Wiase Ko II a ɛbae te sɛ anyinam no de n’apereperedi a amanehunu wom sɛ ɔbɛtra ase no baa awiei. Ná wobetumi ayɛ ayi a wɔde bere tenten ahwɛ kwan no. Na wobetumi asie no wɔ ebun a Adiyisɛm 17:7-11 ka ho asɛm a ɛno ne kyerɛwnsɛm a Adansefo no gyina so ka ne huammɔdi a wɔaka ho asɛm asie ho asɛm no mu.

Nanso wɔ owu akyi no, afei dɛn? So na ebetumi aba sɛ ɔko no bɛkɔ akowie ade kɛse bi mu, ebia wɔ “Onyankopɔn Ade Nyinaa so Tumfo da kɛse mu ko” a wɔfrɛ no Harmagedon no mu? (Fa toto Adiyisɛm 6:4; 16:14, 16 ho.) Ɛwom sɛ na Yehowa Adansefo no ho pere wɔn sɛ wobehu sɛnea ɔko no bɛkɔ akowie de, nanso wosii wɔn bo sɛ wɔremmfa wɔn ho nhyem. Ná wobekura Kristofo afã biara a wɔnni no mu​—a ɛwom sɛ wɔ katabaako ne demokrase aman nyinaa mu no​—na eyi de wɔn adwuma no ano a wosiw, afiase nna, asennibea a wɔde wɔn bɛkɔ, ne akwasampafo basabasayɛ bɛba wɔn so de. Ɛwom sɛ na wɔn dodow nnu mpem ɔha wɔ saa ɔko afe 1940 no mu de, nanso wɔkɔɔ anim sɛ wɔbɛtrɛw anidaso ankasa ho nkrasɛm, nea ɛfa Onyankopɔn Ahenni a wɔde asi hɔ ho no mu.

Na na anidaso ne ade a “Amanaman a Wɔn ho Yeraw Wɔn a Ehu Aka Wɔn” no hia titiriw. Ɛno ne asɛm a edi hɔ wɔ Ɔfã 4 mu wɔ nsɛm a yɛresusuw ho ntoatoaso wɔ “Wiase no Fi 1914” mu no asɛmti.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Kratafa 31 adaka]

Nsɛntitiriw Afoforo a Esisii

1935​—Nsuyiri kunkum nnipa bɛboro 200,000 wɔ Asubɔnten Yangtze ho wɔ China

1936​—Po so hyɛn a wɔfrɛ no Queen Mary de nnɔnhwerew 95 ne simma 57 twaa Atlantic po no a ebi mmae saa da

Hitler bo fuw sɛ Amerikani bibini Jesse Owens nya sika abasobɔde anan wɔ Berlin Olympiks Agodi no ase

1937​—DuPont yɛ biribi foforo a wɔfrɛ no Nylon

Wɔ bere a atu afa Atlantic po no so awie akyi no, ogya tɔ Germanfo wimhyɛn a ɛte sɛ balloon a wɔfrɛ no Hindenburg no mu bere a ɛnenam wim wɔ New Jersey no, na ekunkum nnipa 36

1938​—Vatican gye Franco nniso no tom sɛ Spania nniso

Nyansahufo Hahn ne Strassman hwehwɛ mu hu sɛ wobetumi de neutron apaapae uranium mu

Nea wɔfrɛɛ no Kristallnacht (Crystal anadwo) a wɔfow Yudafo adetɔnbea a ɛwɔ Germany nyinaa mu nneɛma na wɔsɛee no no bae

1939​—Asasewosow kunkum nnipa mpem du du pii wɔ Turkey

Wɔyɛɛ wimhyɛn ankasa a ne ho yɛ hare a edi kan na wɔhyehyɛɛ helicopter a edi kan

1940​—Britaniafo de afiri a wɔde kyere nsɛm fi mframa mu foforo a wɔayɛ dii dwuma wɔ ɔko mu

[Asase mfoni a ɛwɔ kratafa 30]

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ no nyinaa a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

Asisfo no tumidi ntrɛwmu wɔ Europa de besi 1940

Asis Aman ne Mmeae a Wodii Nkonim

Norway

Denmark

Netherlands

Belgium

Sudetenland

Luxembourg

Rhineland

France

Poland

Czechoslovakia

Austria

Hungary

Romania

Albania

[Kratafa 28 mfoni]

Ɔko bɔɔ Apam no wu ho dɔn

[Asɛm Fibea]

U.S. National Archives photo

[Asɛm Fibea]

U.S. Army photo