Wiase No Fi 1914

Ɔfa 8​—1970-1986 Bere A Wiase No Redwiriw Agu No, Ma W’anidaso Nhyerɛn!

SO WIASE no mu nsɛm tebea ama woahaw, woayɛ basaa, na mpo ehu aka wo anaa? Sɛ saa a ɛnde fa Henry Wadsworth Longfellow a na ɔyɛ United States anwonsɛm akyerɛwfo a wogyee din wɔ afeha 19 mu no mu biako no nsɛm yi kyekye wo werɛ. Ɔkyerɛwee sɛ: “Adekyee rebɛn a esum mu yɛ duru.”

Nyan! akyerɛwfo susuw sɛ saa nsɛm yi fata yɛn wiase yi fi 1914. Wogyina wɔn Bible sua so gye di sɛ saa wiase yi sum a ɛkɔ anim bere nyinaa no yɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛda foforo bi a eye adekyee abɛn. Nsɛm a asisi fi 1970 no hyɛ wɔn gyidi no den. Susuw adanse no ho.

Asomdwoe a Woyi Fi Asase So

Wɔ 1970 mu no, akofofo akuw akodi pae gui wɔ Philipines; wɔ 1976 mu no basabasayɛ fii ase wɔ South Africa ne Angola ntam. Ɛno akyi bere tiaa bi no Vietnam ne Kampuchea (Cambodia) fii ɔko a ɛto so abiɛsa wɔ Indo-China wɔ nea ennu mfe 35 mu no ase. Wɔ 1980 mu no, Nkramofo aman Iran ne Iraq fii ɔko a anuanom kunkum wɔn ho wɔn ho wom ase. Ɛno akyi afe biako no, akofofo akuw akodi kɔɔ so wɔ Nicaragua. Engiresi Aburokyiri ne Argentina de bɔɔ anim wɔ 1982 mu wɔ Falkland Nsupɔw no ho. Wɔ ne nyinaa mu no, ɔko ahorow bɛboro 50 na aba fi 1970.

Ɔko foforo​—amumɔyɛsɛm​—kɔɔ soro wɔ 1970 mfe no mu. Kaakae ankorankoro binom a amumɔyɛsɛm ntua anaasɛ awudifo aboba kunkum wɔn no bi: Spania Ɔsoafo Panyin Luis Carrero Blanco wɔ 1973 mu; Ɔhene Faisal a ofi Saudi Arabia ne Ɔmampanyin Mujibur Rahman a ofi Bangladesh wɔ 1975 mu; Italiani amansɛmdifo Aldo Moro wɔ 1978 mu; Korea Kesee Fam Ɔmampanyin Park Jung Hee ne Engiresi Aburokyiri Hemaa nua Lord Mountbatten wɔ 1979 mu; wɔ 1981 mu no, Egypt Ɔmampanyin Anwar Sadat; wɔ 1984 mu no India Ɔsoafo Panyin Indira Gandhi. Wɔ saa mfe no ara mu no, wɔto fom U.S. ɔman mpanyimfo Gerard Ford ne Ronald Reagan, Britania Ɔsoafo Panyin Margaret Thatcher, ne Paapa John Paul II.

Anaasɛ susuw kuw ahorow a amumɔyɛsɛm kaa wɔn no ho. Wɔ 1972 Olympik Akansi wɔ Munich ase no, nnommumfa adeyɛ bi sii ma nnipa 17 wuwui a na Israelfo mmirikatufo 11 ka ho. OPEC asoafo 11 a na wɔreyɛ nhyiam wɔ Vienna, Austria, wɔ 1975 mu no ti yɛɛ yiye; ɛwom sɛ wɔfaa wɔn nnommum de, nanso wofii mu nyaa nkwa. Ehu a ɛkaa Amerikafo fii ase wɔ 1979 mu bere a wɔfaa U.S. ɔmanfo 52 nnommum wɔ Iran bɛboro afe biako no. Ɔtopae bi a ɛtowee wɔ Burma tete nneɛma akorae bi mu no kunkum nnipa 19 wɔ 1983 mu a na Korea Kesee Fam mpanyimfo 16 a wɔakɔ nsrahwɛ ka ho. Wɔ 1985 mu no India Wimhyɛn Adwuma no wimhyɛn bi tew hwee Atlantic Mpoano a ɛwɔ Ireland no mu; nnipa 329 ase hyewee.

Nea yɛabobɔ so yi nyinaa yɛ emu kakraa bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no wɔ Ireland Kesee Fam ne Lebanon no, amumɔyɛsɛm reyɛ ayɛ asetra kwan. Encyclopedia bi a agye din kae sɛ “wimhyɛn a wɔde anuɔden gye wɔ wim sɛ amammuisɛm mu amumɔyɛsɛm no bɛyɛɛ amanaman ntam nsɛnnennen wɔ 1970 mfe no mu na ɛtoaa so koduu 1980 mfiase.” Enti ɛwom sɛ ebia amumɔyɛsɛm nkaa w’ankasa de, nanso hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ ɛbɛka wo​—esiane ɔman a wufi so anaasɛ baabi a enye a wowɔ wɔ bere bɔne mu nti no​—renya nkɔanim.

Esiane saa nokwasɛm ahorow yi nti, hena na obetumi agye akyinnye sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ‘wɔayi asomdwoe afi asase so,’ sɛnea Adiyisɛm 6:4 ka siei sɛ ɛbɛba no? Nanso, eyi nsan Bible bɔ a edii kan hyɛe no akyi ɔkwan biara so: “Ɔma akodi gyae kosi asase ano.” (Dwom 46:9) So wɔanya nkɔso bi wɔ eyi mu fi 1970?

Wɔpɛ Asomdwoe Bere a Wɔtwe Nkrante

Wɔ 1970 mu no U.S. Ɔmampanyin Nixon bɔɔ ne nniso no adwene a anya sɛ ɛde “nsusuwho mfe” besi “akasakasa mfe” ananmu no ho amanneɛ. Ná sɛnea obiara ne ne yɔnko te hɔ asomdwoe mu saa ara no befi hɔ ma wɔn ntam ntawntawdi a emu ayɛ mmerɛw abɛhyɛ ananmu. Tumi akɛse no penee so sɛ wɔbɛyɛ Akode a Wɔkyerɛ no Kwan a Wɔbɛtew ne yɛ So Nhyiam (SALT) , edii nkonim kakra wɔ 1972 ne 1979 mu. Berlin tebea a na ɛyɛ hu no so tewee bere a German aman abien no ntam abusuabɔ nyaa nkɔso no. Wɔ 1973 mu no Europa Ahobammɔ ne Biakoyɛ ho Nhyiam a aman 35 na wɔyɛe no fii ase wɔ Helsinki. Akwanhwɛ kɔɔ soro.

Nanso, ɛnyɛ Europa nkutoo na nkɔso bae. Bere a United States ne China Ɔmanfo Adehyeman twaa nkitahodi mu mfe 20 akyi no, wofii ase siesiee wɔn ntam. Wɔfrɛɛ wɔn nkitahodi ahorow no sɛ Pingpong adɛfɛdɛfɛsɛm. Bere no mu no, na ɛte sɛ nea aman ntam amansɛmdi denam ananmusifo so no reyɛ adwuma wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei. Awiei koraa wɔ March 1979 mu wɔ nneɛma ahorow a wɔpenee so wɔ Camp David no akyi no, Israel ne Egypt de wɔn nsa hyɛɛ wɔn ntam asomdwoe apam ase.

Eyinom a ɛkɔɔ so no ne afoforo pii da no adi pefee sɛ fi 1970 no wiase rehwehwɛ asomdwoe. Amanneɛbɔ a Amanaman Nkabom no de mae wɔ 1982 mu sɛ 1986 bɛyɛ Amanaman Ntam Asomdwoe Afe no sii eyi so dua. Nokwarem no, onii a “ɔma akodi gyae” a Bible ka ne ho asɛm no nyɛ onipa bi na mmom Onyankopɔn. Nanso, Bible nkɔmhyɛ ka siei sɛ ansa na Onyankopɔn bɛyɛ saa no, adesamma bɛka sɛ “Asomdwoe ne ahotɔ!”​—1 Tesalonikafo 5:3.

Nanso bere a wiase no de nsa biako hwehwɛ asomdwoe no, sɛnea yɛbɛka no no, ɛde ɔfoforo no nso twe nkrante kɛse bi. (Fa toto Adiyisɛm 6:4 ho.) Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu kɛse so no, ɛreyɛ akode wɔ ɔkwan a ebi mmae saa da so. Mary Kaldor a ɔwɔ Science Policy Research Unit wɔ Sussex Sukuupɔn mu no ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ “fi 1971 besi 1980 mu no, amanaman ntam akode ho aguadi bu bɔɔ ho ankasa”​—na ɛnyɛ tumi akɛse no nkutoo ntia. Ose: “Akode a wɔtɔn ma aman a wonnyaa nkɔso biara no mpo na ɛdɔɔso.

Wɔ mfe 15 a etwaam no mu no, ahobammɔ bɛyɛɛ ade a ehia araa ma wɔ nnansa yi afe biako bi mu no aman 77 na wɔde wɔn sika ho akontaa mu ɔha biara mu 10 dii asraafo ne ahobammɔ ho dwuma. Nokwarem no, aman 20 a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ emu fã wɔ Mfinimfini Apuei a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew no sɛee wɔn sika ho akontaa mu anan biara mu biako wɔ ahobammɔ ho. Eyi ne wiase a wɔka sɛ fi 1945 no anya asomdwoe no!

Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ asraafo panyin bi kae nnansa yi sɛ yɛte “basabasayɛ asomdwoe bere mu.” Ɛno nti na ayɛ den ama Amanaman Nkabom a ebeduu 1985 awiei no na emu aman no dodow adu 159​—fi 127 wɔ 1970 mu​—no sɛ ɛbɛkora amanaman ntam asomdwoe ne ahobammɔ so no. Anidaso kɛse a wonyae wɔ ne mu bere a wɔde sii hɔ no amma mu. Sɛnkyerɛwfo Richard Ivor se ade biako a enti adi huammɔ no ne sɛ “entumi nsakraa aman akannifo anaa nnipa a wɔwom no koma ne wɔn adwene ara ɛ.” Hugh Caradon a na anka ɔyɛ Britania ananmusifo wɔ Amanaman Nkabom mu no kaa no pen mpo sɛ: “Biribi titiriw biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ bɔne wɔ Amanaman Nkabom no ho​—gye sɛ emufo no.”

Sɛ wɔpɛ anaasɛ dabi no, nneɛma ahorow a ɛkɔ so wɔ sikasɛm, nyamesom, anaa amammui mu wɔ ɔman biako mu no betumi ama nsɛm asisi wiase baabiara.

Sikasɛm mu Nsɛnnennen

Sɛ nhwɛso no, so wokae sɛ wɔ 1970 mfe no mfiase hɔ no OPEC fii ase piapiaa ngo bo a na ankorɛ biako yɛ $4 no koduu $35 wɔ 1981 mu a na ɛno kɔ soro sen biara no? Dɛn na efii mu bae? The New Encyclopædia Britannica se saa “ngo akode” yi maa sikasɛm mu ahokyere mu yɛɛ den wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔanim a wɔwɔ mfiridwuma pii no mu na ɛde ɛka a wotua ho nhyehyɛe mu nsɛnnennen a emu yɛ den baa Europa aman binom mu: ɛde ɔhaw baa aman a wonnyaa nkɔso no pii sikasɛm mu.” Sikasɛm ho ɔbenfo R. N. Gardner bɔ kɔkɔ sɛ “amanaman ntam sikasɛm ahyehyɛde a ɛwɔ hɔ no nyɛ papa biara ne sɛ Amanaman Nkabom ɔman biara rentumi nhwɛ kwan sɛ ebetumi ahyɛn afeha 21 no mu a wɔrensan nyɛ saa nhyehyɛe ahorow yi foforo.” Aman te sɛ Mexico, Brazil, ne Nigeria rebɛn ɛkabɔ a ɛyɛ hu ho dedaw. Wiase sikasɛm nhyehyɛe a ennyina faako no bɛka daakye a enni akyiri no wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ anibere so.

Nyamesom ne Amammuisɛm

Wɔ 1970 mfe no mu no, nnipa afoforo fi nyamesom wiase no mu de wɔn ho bɛhyɛɛ amammuisɛm mu. Jerry Falwell ne ne Moral Majority no fi United States bae; ayatolla a ɔka teokrase nniso ho asɛm fi Iran bae; wɔ Europa no, Katolek ne Protestant asɔfo ka boom wɔ asomdwoe ne nuklea a wɔkasa tia aprententu mu: Anglican sɔfo Desmond Tutu a wanya Nobel akyɛde a ɔkasa tia mmusua mu nyiyim amammui no fi South Africa bae. Nanso obiara nni hɔ a ɔdan nkurɔfo ti te sɛ Polandni Paapa John Paul II a wɔbɔ amamnneɛ sɛ Vatican ɔpanyin bi ka faa ne ho bere bi sɛ: “Sɛ ɔrebɔ Mass mpo a, ɛte sɛ nea amammuisɛm bi wom” no.

Wɔ 1970 mfiase hɔ no, sɛnkyerɛwfo bi hyɛɛ nkɔm sɛ “abusuabɔ a ɛda amammuisɛm ne nyamesom ntam no betumi anya nkɔanim foforo wɔ [United States] asetra mu nsɛm a ɛresakra no mu.” Eyi ada adi sɛ ɛyɛ nokware, nanso nea ɛrekɔ so no nyɛ wɔ ɔman biako pɛ mu. 1985 Britannica Book of the Year se: “Wɔde nsɛmfua ‘nyamesom’ ne ‘amammui’ boom wɔ atesɛm ahorow mu wɔ 1984 mu nyinaa wɔ wiase nyinaa.” Nanso ntawntawdi a enya nkɔanim da n’abien no ntam, sɛnea egye tom no: “Aban ne nyamesom atumfo ntam ntawntawdi akɔ so wɔ wiase nyinaa.” Saa honhom mu aguamammɔ a ɛwɔ nyamesom ne amammui ntam no bɛba awiei wɔ asiane mu nnansa yi ara.​—Adiyisɛm, ti 18.

Nsɛnnennen Nya Nkɔanim, Nanso Anidaso

Sɛnkyerɛwfo Georgie Anne Geyer kyerɛw sɛ: “Nea aba . . . wɔ 1970 ne 1980 mfe no mu ne sɛ wiase no de nkakrankakra redwiriw agu a wonhu.” Wɔ nea ɛde saa dwiriw a ɛredwiriw agu yi aba a yɛabobɔ din no akyi no, so wubetumi asusuw afoforo ho? Mframa ne ade a wɔsɛe no? Nnubɔne? Ɔman mpanyimfo ɔbrasɛe? Aguanfo ho nsɛnnennen? Ɔkɔm? Nyarewa afoforo a wɔahu te sɛ Legionnaires yare no, nea wɔfrɛ no toxic shock syndrome, ne AIDS a ɛyɛ hu sen ne nyinaa no anaa?

Yehowa Adansefo nya adanse wɔ nsɛm a ɛresisi yi nyinaa mu a ɛkyerɛ sɛ saa wiase yi anadwo sum no mu reyɛ duru sɛnea Bible aka asie no. Nanso, wɔn nyinaa a wɔn dodow boro 3,000,000 wɔ wiase nyinaa no​—fi 1,483,430 wɔ 1970 mu​—wɔ ahotoso kɛse. Eyi te saa efisɛ obi a ɔyɛ kɛse koraa sen Longfellow de anidaso a ɛne sɛ “adekyee rebɛn a esum mu yɛ duru” no kyekye yɛn werɛ. Ɛyɛ Onyankopɔn Ba no ankasa a bere a waka nsɛm tebea a ɛbɛsɛe wɔ nna a edi akyiri a wɔkaa ho asɛm siei ho asɛm akyi no, ɔkae sɛ: “Na nneɛma yi refi ase aba a, monhwɛ ɔsoro na momma mo ti so, efisɛ mo gye rebɛn” no.​—Luka 21:28.

Yɛn mu biara rentumi nsakra nea atwam no anaasɛ yɛrentumi nyi ɔhaw ne amanehunu a adesamma ahyia wɔ WIASE NO FI 1914 no mfi hɔ. Nanso yebetumi de ɔsoro nyansa ayɛ ade de asiesie yɛn ho ama daakye bi mu anigye. Ade a edi kan wɔ eyi yɛ mu ne sɛ yebegye atom sɛ wiase nsɛm tebea horow a ɛkɔ so sɛe no yɛ adanse a wɔrentumi nnye ho akyinnye sɛ Satan nniso no anadwo sum no reba n’awiei ne sɛ Onyankopɔn Ahenni a wɔde asi hɔ no ɛda no adekyee abɛn.

Ɔhene Salomo onyansafo no bɔɔ kɔkɔ sɛ: “Ɔkyena bi ni hɔ mma ɔbɔnefo.” Nanso, sɛnea ɔkae no, “ɔkyena bi wɔ hɔ” ma wɔn a wohu nyansa. (Mmebusɛm 24:14, 20, The Jerusalem Bible) Ɛyɛ anigye nso sɛ yɛbɛhyɛ Lyndon B. Johnson a na anka ɔyɛ U.S. Ɔmampanyin no nsɛm yi nsow: “Ɛnnɛra nyɛ yɛn de sɛ yɛbɛsan anya, nanso ɔkyena yɛ yɛn de sɛ yebenya anaasɛ yɛbɛhwere.” “Ɔkyena”​—daakye bi a enni awiei wɔ paradise asase so wɔ Onyankopɔn Ahenni ase​—yɛ nea yebetumi “anya anaasɛ yɛbɛhwere” sɛ ankorankoro. Dɛn na wobɛpaw?

[Box on page 13]

[Kratafa 17 adaka]

Nsɛntitiriw Afoforo a Esisii

1970​—China Ɔmanfo Adehyeman bɛyɛɛ wiase ahunmu tumi a ɛto so abiɛsa denam ahunmu hyɛn a ɛde dii dwuma no so

1973​—Asraafo fuu Chile sohyialist nniso no gui na ɛnam so ma wokum Ɔmampanyin Allende

1974​—Watergate aniwusɛm a efii ase wɔ 1972 mu no baa awiei bere a U.S. Ɔmampanyin Nixon de animguase gyaee adwuma no

1976​—Nsasewosow akɛse ba toatoaa so a nea esii wɔ China a wɔka sɛ ebetumi aba sɛ ɛne nea ɛsɛee ade sen biara wɔ onipa abakɔsɛm mu a ekunkum nnipa mpem ɔhaha pii no ka ho

1978​—Wonyaa abofra a odi kan a wɔhyɛɛ ne nyinsɛn ase wɔ toa mu; wɔwoo no wɔ Britania

1979​—U.S. nuklea dwumadibea asiane kɛse bi sii wɔ Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania

1980​—U.S. ogya bepɔw St. Helens paee

1981​—U.S. ahunmu hyɛn Columbia tui nea edi kan

1983​—Time nsɛmma nhoma no paw computer afiri sɛ “Onipa a Ɔsen Biara wɔ Afe no Mu”

1984​—Sovietfo dii nnafua 237 wɔ ahunmu a ebi mmae saa da

1985​—Colombia ogya bepɔw Nevado del Ruiz paee, ekunkum nnipa 25,000

Asasewosow a esii wɔ Mexico Kurom kunkum nnipa ɔpepem pii

1986​—U.S. ahunmu hyɛn Challenger paee na ekunkum ahunmu akwantufo baason

Asiane a esii wɔ Soviet Chernobyl nuklea tumi dwumadibea no sɛee mframa wɔ Europa nyinaa

[Kratafa 19 mfoni]

Ɛmmra sɛ wiase a ɛredwiriw agu ntɛmntɛm no bɛma woama wo ti so na w’ani agye hokwan a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wubenya nkwa wɔ wiase foforo bi mu no ho