So Wobetumi Ama Wiase no Ayɛ Biako?

‘Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛfene a wodii wɔ 1992 mu ne, tan wo yɔnko.’

EYI NE nea Newsweek hu kae. Nsɛmma nhoma no de ka ho sɛ: “Saa mpaapaemu yi—ofipamfo ne ofipamfo ntam, abusuakuw ne abusuakuw ntam, ɔmanfo ne ɔmanfo ntam—yɛ ade a yɛakɔ so ahyia bere nyinaa, na nea ada adi wɔ afe yi mu nsɛm a asisi mu no nti yentumi nhu sɛ yɛrebɔ mmɔden kɛse de ayi saa mpaapaemu no afi hɔ a.”

Ntua, okunkɛse, ne mmonnaato a asisi nnansa yi wɔ kan Yugoslavia no ho nsɛm apue atesɛm nkrataa mu wɔ wiase nyinaa. Wɔ Bosnia ne Herzegovina nkutoo no, wɔabɔ amanneɛ sɛ nnipa bɛboro 150,000 na wɔakunkum wɔn anaa wɔayera. Na bɛyɛ 1,500,000 na wɔatutu wɔn afi wɔn afie mu. So woka sɛ saa awerɛhosɛm yi ntumi nsi wɔ beae a wote da?

Amanaman Nkabom panyin José-María Mendiluce kae sɛ: “Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛma nnipa atan afoforo na wɔakunkum wɔn a ɛnhaw wɔn koraa. . . . Su bi wɔ Atɔe fam sɛ, nea enti a ɔko kɔ so nnɔnhwerew abiɛsa biara wɔ Venice ne sɛ Balkanfo yɛ nnipa soronko koraa wɔ Europafo mu. Eyi yɛ mfomso a anibere wom.”

Bere a woguu kan Soviet Union wɔ 1991 mu pɛ na mmusuakuw mu basabasayɛ sɔree. Wokunkum nnipa bɛyɛ 1,500, na nnipa bɛyɛ 80,000 guan fii wɔn nkurow so wɔ kan Soviet kwasafoman Georgia mu. Na akodi a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Moldova no kunkum ɔhaha pii, na ɛhyɛɛ mpempem pii ma woguan fii wɔn nkurow so. Nnipa pii ahwere wɔn nkwa wɔ akodi a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Armenia ne Azerbaijan ntam ne kan Soviet kwasafoman afoforo nyinaa mu no mu.

Russia ne kan Soviet kwasafoman no mu ɔman a ɛso sen biara. Ɛhɔ mpo no, mmusuakuw ahorow rehwehwɛ sɛ wɔhyehyɛ wɔn ankasa aman a ade wɔn ho. Enti, The European bɔɔ eyi ho amanneɛ wɔ July 1993 mu sɛ: “Aman a ɛka bom yɛ Russia no pɛ sɛ wɔtetew wɔn ho.” Atesɛm krataa no kae sɛ: “Amantam abiɛsa ato aba de akyerɛ sɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔtew wɔn ho wɔ adapɛn kakra a atwam yi mu . . . Amantam abiɛsa foforo nso ada no adi dapɛn a etwaam yi sɛ wɔn nso bedi wɔn akyi.”

Sɛ aman no tetew wɔn ho a, wubehyia din ahorow a ne bɔ yɛ den te sɛ Kaliningrad, Tatarstan, Stavropolye, Chechnya, Vologda, Sverdlovsk, Bashkortostan, Yakutiya, ne Primorye. So eyi nte sɛ nea asi wɔ kan Yugoslavia—a wɔahyehyɛ aman te sɛ Serbia, Croatia, ne Slovenia na ebia wɔbɛkɔ so atete aman afoforo no?

United States ɔmansoafo panyin Warren Christopher kaa “mmusua, nyamesom ne nnipakuw mu ntawntawdi a wɔaka ahyɛ bere tenteenten a ɛreda adi” ho asɛm, na obisae sɛ: “Sɛ yɛannya ɔkwan bi a yɛbɛfa so ama mmusuakuw atumi abom atra wɔ ɔman bi mu a, aman dodow ahe na yebenya?” Ɔkae sɛ yebenya aman mpempem pii.

Mpaapaemu wɔ Baabiara

Mmusuakuw, nyamesom, ne nkurɔfokuw mu akodi ahe na wugye di sɛ na ɛrekɔ so wɔ afe yi mfiase? So wobɛka sɛ 4, 7, 9, 13, anaa ebia 15 mpo? Wɔ February mu no, The New York Times kan ahorow 48! Ebia Television ntumi mma wunhu afunu ne mmofra a ehu aka wɔn wɔ akodi 48 no nyinaa mu de, nanso so ɛno ma wɔn a wɔrehu amane no haw no so tew?

Ɛyɛ den sɛ wubehu wiase yi fa bi a ɛda adi sɛ ɔko ntumi nsi wɔ hɔ. Wosuro sɛ ɔmanko betumi asi wɔ Nigeria a mmusuakuw bɛyɛ 200 te hɔ no. Time Nsɛmma nhoma bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Mmusuakuw akɛse abiɛsa—Hausa, Ibo, ne Yoruba—betumi ako atia wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ akodi a ɛte saa a ebetumi aba mu.” Ɛde kaa ho sɛ: “Sɛnea nhwehwɛmufo bi ka no, nsɛm tebea a ɛrekɔ so wɔ Nigeria no betumi adan ayɛ sɛ Yugoslavia de no.”

Mmusuakuw ntam basabasayɛ asɛe Afrika Atɔe fam man Liberia. Akuw ahorow a wɔredi ako no kannifo biako nyaa mmoa fii Gio ne Mano mmusuakuw no hɔ de tuu ɔmampanyin a na ofi Krahn abusuakuw mu no. Wokunkum nnipa bɛboro 20,000 wɔ ɔko a ɛde bae no mu, na ɔpehaha pii guan kɔɔ aman afoforo so.

Aborɔfo ne abibifo ko tia wɔn ho wɔn ho de pere amammui mu tumidi wɔ South Africa. Nanso akodi no nyɛ abibifo ne aborɔfo ko ara kwa. Afe a etwaam nkutoo no, wokunkum nnipa bɛboro 3,000 wɔ abibifo akuw ahorow ntam akodi mu.

Wɔ Somalia no, nnipa bɛyɛ 300,000 awuwu na ɔpepem biako ahwere wɔn afie bere a mmusua ntam akodi dan yɛɛ ɔmanko no. Hutu ne Tutsi mmusuakuw no ntam akodi akunkum mpempem pii nnansa yi mfe mu wɔ Burundi ne Rwanda.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɔko kɔ so bere nyinaa wɔ Yudafo ne Arabfo ntam wɔ Israel, Hindufo ne Nkramofo ntam wɔ India, ne Protestantfo ne Katolekfo mu wɔ Ireland. Mmusua ntam basabasayɛ sɔree afe a etwaam no mu wɔ Los Angeles, California, na nnipa bɛboro 40 hweree wɔn nkwa. Akodi a ɛyɛ hu taa sisi mmeae biara a mmusuakuw ahorow, nnipa a wofifi aman horow so, anaa nnipa a ɛsonsono wɔn som bom tra no.

So nnipa betumi asiw mmusuakuw ntam ntawntawdi mu amanehunu yi ano?

Mmɔden Kɛse a Nnipa Abɔ

Sɛ́ nhwɛso no, susuw nea mmɔden a wɔbɔe wɔ kan Yugoslavia ne kan Soviet Union no kowiei no ho. Wɔ 1929 mu no, wɔhyehyɛɛ Yugoslavia sɛ wɔde reka mmusuakuw ahorow a wɔtete Europa anafo apuei fam nyinaa abom ayɛ wɔn ɔman biako. Saa ara na wɔnam nnipakuw ahorow a wofi mmusuakuw, nyamesom, ne aman ahorow so a wɔkaa wɔn boom so hyehyɛɛ Soviet Union. Mfe dudu pii mu no, na aman abien yi mu biara wɔ aban a ɛyɛ den a ɛka wɔn bom, na awiei koraa no ɛkame ayɛ sɛ amanfo no suae sɛ wɔbɛbom atra.

Serbiani kannifo bi kyerɛkyerɛɛ mu sɛ: “Nokwarem no, wɔhwɛ sɛnea nnipa a wɔka kasa horow adi afra wɔ Bosnia, ne Yugoslavia nyinaa, ansa na ɔko no resɔre a, na ɛte sɛ ɔsebɔ ho. Ná nnipa no adi afra a wontumi nkyekyɛ wɔn mu.” Nokwarem no, aware dodow a ɛwɔ Yugoslavia no ɔha biara mu nkyem 15 na ahokafo no mfi abusuakuw biako mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ tebea a ɛte sɛ nea biakoyɛ wom saa ara na na wɔnam mmusuakuw a wɔaka wɔn ho abom so ahyehyɛ wɔ Soviet Union.

Enti mmusua ntam basabasayɛ a ɛsɔree bere a na asomdwoe atra hɔ mfe du du pii akyi no yɛɛ ahodwiriw kɛse. Ɛnnɛ, sɛnea nsɛnkyerɛwfo bi kyerɛwee no, mprempren, nkurɔfo gyina “mmusuakuw, nyamesom ne beae a amanfo te so kyekyɛ kan Yugoslavia mu.” Dɛn nti na bere a aban ahorow a ɛyɛ den no gui no, saa aman yi mu paapaee?

Nneɛma a Ɛde Akodi Ba

Nnipa mfi awosu mu ntan abusuakuw bi mufo. Sɛnea dwom bi a agye din mu nsɛm kyerɛe bere bi no, ehia sɛ ‘wɔkyerɛkyerɛ wo yiye ansa na aka akyi dodo, ansa na woadi mfe asia anaa ason anaa awotwe, na woatan nkurɔfo a w’abusuafo tan wɔn nyinaa.’ Saa dwom yi ka awarefo bi a wonnyinii pii a ɛda adi sɛ womfi abusuakuw biako mu ho asɛm. Nanso, sɛnea adwenem nyarewa ho nimdefo Zarka Kovac kyerɛ no, kan Yugoslavia man no mufo “nni nipadua mu nsonsonoe biara.” Nanso ɛhɔ basabasayɛ no mu yɛ den ara ma enni kabea. Kovac kae sɛ: “Motetew onipa a moakum no no pasaa sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a munhu mo manifo.”

Ɛda adi pefee sɛ wɔamfa mmusuakuw mu tan a ɛte saa ammɔ nnipa. Nnipa bi ne abusuafo a wɔkae nneɛma bɔne a atwam na wɔde ɛho nsɛm ahyɛ nkurɔfo adwenem. Hena na ebetumi aba sɛ ɔyɛ eyinom nyinaa farebae? Bere a na ɛyɛ den ma adwumawura bi a ofi Sarajevo sɛ ɔbɛte ahude a ɔko no de aba ase no, ɛkaa no ma ɔkae sɛ: “Bere a wɔako Bosnia ko afe akyi no, megye di sɛ Satan na ɔsoso gya gu mu. Eyi yɛ adammɔ ankasa.”

Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii nnye nni sɛ Satan Ɔbonsam wɔ hɔ ankasa de, nanso Bible no ka obi a aniwa nhu no, obi a ɔkorɔn sen nnipa a ɔwɔ adesamma nneyɛe so nkɛntɛnso bɔne kɛse ho asɛm. (Mateo 4:1-11; Yohane 12:31) Sɛ wususuw ho a—afoforo ho adwemmɔne a ntease nnim, ɔtan, ne basabasayɛ ho a—ebia wubegye Bible no atom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware bere a ɛka sɛ: ‘Obi a wɔfrɛ no Ɔbonsam ne Satan . . . redaadaa amanaman nyinaa’ no.—Adiyisɛm 12:9; 1 Yohane 5:19.

Anidaso ho Hann Bi

Sɛ yesusuw basabasa a ɛrekɔ so wɔ wiase nnansa yi no ho a, na ayɛ sɛ nea biakoyɛ ho anidaso kakraa bi a adesamma wɔ no mpo atu ayera. Ɔmampɛ ne mmusuakuw mu ntawntawdi reyi nnipa hu sen bere biara. Nanso, wɔ wiase nyinaa sum bere yi mu no, anidaso ho hann bi hyerɛn pefee. Wɔ 1993 ahohuru bere mu no, nnipakuw bi a wofi mmusuakuw a wɔredi ako no mu daa biribi a ɛka wɔn bom a ama wɔatumi akwati mmusuakuw ntam akodi na wɔabom ayɛ adwuma wɔ ɔdɔ ne biakoyɛ mu adi.

Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ, nea ɛka wɔn bom no ne ade a ɛtaa de mpaapaemu ba adesamma mu—nyamesom. Time nsɛmma nhoma bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Sɛ wohwehwɛ abusuakuw mu nyiyim anaa ɔmampɛ a emu yɛ den mu yiye a, wubehu sɛ nyamesom ho asɛm bi wom . . . Ɔsom mu nitan taa de atirimɔdensɛm a ɛsen biara na ɛba.” Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛte saa ara so no, India Today kae sɛ: “Nyamesom ayɛ frankaa a wɔadi nsɛmmɔne a ɛyɛ hu wɔ ne din mu. . . . Ɛde basabasayɛ a emu yɛ den ba, na ɛyɛ tumi a ɛsɛe ade yiye.”

Nokwarem no, nyamesom taa de ɔhaw na ɛba na ɛnyɛ ano aduro. Nanso saa nyamesom kuw a yɛaka ho asɛm wɔ atifi hɔ no—kuw a nnipa a wɔwom dɔɔso ara yiye—ada no adi sɛ nyamesom betumi de nkabom aba na ɛnyɛ mpaapaemu. Henanom na wɔbom yɛ saa kuw yi? Na dɛn nti na wɔanya nkɔso kɛse bere a ebinom redi nkogu? Nea ɛbɛyɛ na woanya eyi ho mmuae no, yɛto nsa frɛ wo sɛ kenkan nsɛm a edidi so yi. Saa a wobɛyɛ no bɛma woanya adesamma daakye ho adwene foforo bi.

[Kratafa 3 mfonini]

Amusiei wɔ Bosnia. Haley/Sipa Press