Bere a Kɛseyɛ Nyɛ Papa

Rosa a wadi mfe 35 no de awerɛhow kae sɛ: “Me ntade nkɔ me bio. Me mu duru yɛ kilogram 86 mprempren, na mansusuw da sɛ mɛyɛ kɛse saa!”

ƐNYƐ Rosa nko na kɛse a ɔreyɛ no haw no. Wɔ United States a ɔte no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɔman no mu nnipa mu baasa biara mu biako ayɛ kɛse aboro so.a Sɛ wɔyɛ ntotoho a, wɔ mfe du mu no, mpanyimfo a wɔayeyɛ akɛse aboro so wɔ Britain no dodow bu bɔɔ ho. Na Japan—a na anka kɛseyɛ mmoroso nni hɔ no—kɛseyɛ mmoroso rebu so.

Mmofra pii mu reyɛ duru asen sɛnea anka ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ. Amerika mmofra bɛyɛ ɔpepem 4.7 a wɔadi fi mfe 6 kosi 17 no mu yɛ duru boro so, na Canadafo mmofra bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyem 20 ayeyɛ akɛse aboro so. Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, mmofraberem kɛseyɛ mmoroso abu abɔ ho abiɛsa wɔ Singapore.

Wɔ aman bi mu no, wobu kɛseyɛ sɛ yiyedi ne akwahosan pa ho sɛnkyerɛnne, tebea a eye sen ohia ne aduammɔne. Nanso wɔ Atɔe fam nsase a aduan ho nyɛ na so no, wommu kɛseyɛ sɛ ade pa bi. Mmom no, ɛyɛ ade a wɔtaa bu no aniberesɛm. Dɛn ntia?

United States kan Oduruyɛfo panyin, Everett Koop ka sɛ: “Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii susuw sɛ kɛseyɛ mmoroso de nipadua mu nsakrae na ɛba de, nanso ɛyɛ ɔyare a anibere wom ankasa.” Honam mu aduru ho ɔbenfo F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer a ɔwɔ New York no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “[Kɛse a Amerikafo reyɛ no] bɛma nnipa pii anya asikreyare, mogya mmoroso, nipadua fã a edwudwo, komayare, ne kokoram ahorow mpo.”

Kɛseyɛ Pii ne Asiane Pii na Ɛnam

Susuw nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ Amerikafo mmea ayarehwɛfo 115,000 a wɔde ani sii wɔn so mfe 16 mu no ho hwɛ. Nhwehwɛmu no ma ɛdaa adi sɛ sɛ nkaribo 11 kosi 18 mpo bɛka mpanyimfo mu duru ho a, ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya komayare. Nhwehwɛmu yi a wotintimii wɔ The New England Journal of Medicine a ɛbae wɔ September 14, 1995 mu no kyerɛe sɛ, nnipa baasa biara a kokoram kunkum wɔn no mu biako ne nnipa a komayare kunkum wɔn no fã fi kɛseyɛ mmoroso. Sɛnea The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) a ɛbaa May 22/29, 1996, mu amanneɛbɔ bi kyerɛ no, “wobetumi aka sɛ ade pɔtee a ɛma mogya mmoroso yɛ mmarima 78% ne mmea 65% ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso.” America Kokoram Fekuw no ka sɛ wɔn a “wɔyɛ kɛse boro so paa no” (nnipa a wɔn mu yɛ duru boro sɛnea ɛfata no so ɔha biara mu 40) “na wobetumi anya kokoram ntɛm.”

Nanso ɛnyɛ kɛse a obi yɛ kɛkɛ na ɛyɛ asiane; sɛnea nipadua mu srade yɛ adwuma no nso betumi ama yare no asɔre. Nokwasɛm ne sɛ, wɔn a srade pii wɔ wɔn afuru mu no da asiane kɛse mu sen wɔn a wɔn dwonku ne wɔn srɛ mu yɛ duru no. Srade a ɛwɔ yafunu mu no betumi ama obi anya asikreyare, komayare, nufu mu kokoram, ne awotwaa mu kokoram ntɛm.

Saa ara na mmofra a wɔyɛ kɛse boro so no nso nya mogya mmoroso, mogya mu srade pii, ne tebea a ɛde asikreyare ba. Na wɔtaa nyin bɛyɛ mpanyimfo a wɔayɛ kɛse aboro so. Bere a The New York Times refa akontaabu bi a wotintimii wɔ Britania nnuruyɛfo nsɛmma nhoma The Lancet mu aka asɛm no, ɛbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ “nkurɔfo a na wɔn mmofraberem no wɔyɛ akɛse no wuu ntɛm, na na wɔtaa yareyare bere a wosusua koraa no sen afoforo a aka no.”

Kɛseyɛ Ho Akwankyerɛ Afoforo

Bere a U.S. aban no huu aniberesɛm a ɛwɔ kɛseyɛ mu no, womiaa kɛseyɛ ho akwankyerɛ horow a wɔhyɛɛ ho nyansa wɔ 1995 mu no mu. (Hwɛ adaka mu nsɛm a ɛwɔ kratafa a edi hɔ no.) Akwankyerɛ horow a wɔayɛ no foforo no kyerɛkyerɛ “kɛseyɛ a ɛfata,” “kɛseyɛ mmoroso a ɛnyɛ hu pii,” ne “kɛseyɛ mmoroso a ɛyɛ hu” mu. Akwankyerɛ horow no fa mmarima ne mmea mpanyimfo nyinaa ho, a mfe a obi adi mfa ho.

Akwankyerɛ horow a wɔde mae wɔ 1990 mu no maa wɔn a wɔayɛ mmasiriwa a wɔyɛ kɛse, a wɔtaa frɛ no mmasiriwa a wɔtrɛtrɛw no, ho kwan. Akwankyerɛ afoforo no mma eyi ho kwan, esiane sɛ adanse horow kyerɛ sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ bere rekɔ so no mpanyimfo yɛ akɛse.b Enti obi a kan no na wobu ne kɛseyɛ sɛ eye no, behu mprempren sɛ wakɔka wɔn a wɔayeyɛ akɛse aboro so no ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, onipa a ne tenten yɛ sɛntimita 168 a wadi fi mfe 35 kosi 65 a ne mu duru yɛ kilogram 75 no, mu duru bɛfata sɛnea 1990 ahwehwɛde horow no kyerɛ no. Nanso wɔ akwankyerɛ afoforo mu no, wayɛ kɛse aboro so kilogram 5!

Ɛyɛɛ Dɛn na Yɛyɛɛ Kɛse Boroo So?

Su horow a wonya fi awo mu betumi aka nneɛma a ɛma obi yɛ kɛse boro so no ho, nanso ɛnyɛ ɛno nti na Atɔe famfo yeyɛ akɛse. Biribi foforo na ɛde ɔhaw no aba.

Akwahosan ho abenfo gye tom sɛ srade a yedi betumi ama yɛayeyɛ akɛse. Srade ahyɛ mogyanam pii, nnuan horow a wɔde nufusu yɛ, nnuan a wɔtõ, nnuan a wɔyɛ no gya-so-gya-so, nnɔkɔnnɔkɔwade, nnuan a wɔakyew, forɔe, ne anwa ahorow ma, na di a obi di no betumi ama wayɛ kɛse aboro so. Ɔkwan bɛn so?

Wiɛ, nnuan a yedi a aduan mu ahoɔden pii wom sen nea yɛn nipadua de yɛ adwuma no ma yɛyɛ kɛse boro so. Aduan mu ahoɔden dodow anan na ɛwɔ protein anaa setaakye gram biako mu, bere a aduan mu ahoɔden dodow akron na ɛwɔ srade gram biako mu. Enti yenya aduan mu ahoɔden pii bere a yedi srade no. Nanso ade foforo ho hia—ɔkwan a nipadua no de ahoɔden a efi setaakye, protein, ne srade mu no di dwuma no. Nipadua no di kan yam setaakye ne protein, ansa na ayam srade. Sradeduan mu ahoɔden a nipadua no mfa nyɛ hwee no dan nipadua mu srade. Enti nnuan a srade wom pii a yebesusuw adi no yɛ ɔkwan titiriw a yebetumi afa so ama yɛn so atew.

Nanso, ebinom a wosusuw sɛ wɔatew srade a wodi so no hu sɛ wɔda so ara retrɛw. Dɛn ntia? Ade biako a enti ɛte saa ne sɛ, wodidi pii. Nnuan mu ahoɔden ho ɔbenfo bi a ɔwɔ United States ka sɛ: “Esiane sɛ wɔde nnuan pii sisi yɛn anim nti na yedidi ma ɛboro so. Sɛ ɛwɔ hɔ a, yedi.” Afei nso, nkurɔfo taa di nnuan a srade nnim pii anaa nea srade nnim koraa no dodo. Nanso U.S. adwuma bi a ɛde akwankyerɛ ma nnwuma a wɔyɛ nnuan no mu ɔbenfo bi kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Wɔtaa de asikre [a aduan mu ahoɔden pii wom] gu nnuan a wɔatwe mu srade kɛse no mu, na ama ayɛ dɛ.” Ne saa nti, The New York Times bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “1990 mfe no su abien—nneɛma a ɛyɛ fow a wɔpɛ, ne nnuan a srade nnɔɔso wom anaa nea ebi nnim koraa a wodi—no abue adidi ntraso ho kwan,” ɛno na ama wɔayeyɛ akɛse no.

Television hwɛ bebrebe nso ma nkurɔfo yɛ kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ Britain no ma ɛbɛdaa adi sɛ nnipa bɛboro ɔman no mu mpanyimfo baasa biara mu biako nteɛteɛ wɔn apɔw mu sɛnea ɛsɛ nnu simma 20 dapɛn biara. Wɔn mu fã kɛse no ara mfa wɔn ho nhyɛ agumadi a wɔde teɛteɛ apɔw mu mu. Wɔde kar akwantu abesi nantew ananmu wɔ Atɔe fam aman pii mu, na television hwɛ ntraso hyɛ anihaw ne adidi mmoroso ho nkuran. Wɔ United States no, wobu akontaa sɛ mmofra tra ase de nnɔnhwerew 26 hwɛ television dapɛn biara, a bere a wɔde hwɛ video so agodie mpo nka ho. Eyi nyinaa akyi no, sukuu ahorow no mu ɔha mu nkyekyem 36 pɛ na wɔda so ara kyerɛ apɔw mu teɛteɛ ho ade.

Adwenem tebea a ɛma yɛyɛ kɛse nso wɔ hɔ. Oduruyɛfo Lawrence Cheskin a ɔwɔ Johns Hopkins Ayaresabea a Ɛde Kɛseyɛ Ho Akwankyerɛ Ma ka sɛ: “Yɛde atenka na edidi. Sɛ yɛn ani gye a, yedidi, sɛ yɛn werɛ how a, yedidi. Wɔde adwene a ɛne sɛ aduan tumi si nneɛma pii ananmu na atete yɛn.”

Yebetumi Adi Nkonim?

Kɛseyɛ mmoroso ho nsɛm kyere adwene. Akontaabu kyerɛ sɛ afe biara, Amerikafo ɔpepem 80 tew wɔn adidi so. Nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ sɛ wɔn so tew kakra a, wɔn nyinaa san dan kɔ wɔn adidi dedaw no so. Wɔ mfe anum pɛ mu no, wɔn mu ɔha mu nkyekyem 95 san yeyɛ akɛse te sɛ nea na wɔte no.

Nneɛma a ehia na ama obi so atew na wakura mu no ne asetra kwan a ɛsakra. Nsakrae a ɛtete saa gye mmɔdenbɔ ne ahofama, ne abusuafo ne nnamfo hɔ mmoa. Wɔ ebinom fam no, ayaresafo mmoa ho betumi ahia.c Nanso sɛ wo mmɔdenbɔ no so bɛba mfaso a, nkuranhyɛ a ɛfata ho hia. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wubisa wo ho sɛ, ‘Dɛn nti na mepɛ sɛ me so tew?’ Ɛda adi sɛ ɔpɛ a wowɔ sɛ wobɛkwati akwahosan mu asiane horow no akyi no, sɛ wunya ɔpɛ sɛ w’ani begye wo ho na wo ho ayɛ fɛ, na w’asetra atu mpɔn a, wubetumi adi nkonim wɔ mmɔden a wobɔ sɛ wo so bɛtew no mu.

Wubetumi adi nnuan pii a ɛyɛ dɛ na etumi mee a ɛma ahoɔden na aduan mu ahoɔden nnɔɔso wom. Nanso ansa na yebesusuw nnuan a ɛbɛboa wo ma wo so atew ho no, ma yensusuw nnuan mu nneɛma bi ho nhwɛ sɛnea ebetumi ayɛ asiane ama w’akwahosan.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ kratafa 6]

So wowɔ “kɛseyɛ a ɛfata,” “kɛseyɛ mmoroso a ɛnyɛ hu pii,” anaa “kɛseyɛ mmoroso a ɛyɛ hu” kuw no mu? Akontaabu pon a ɛwɔ ha no bɛboa wo ma woabua saa asɛmmisa no

1995 Kɛseyɛ Ho Akwankyerɛ Ma Mmarima ne Mmea Nyinaa

(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)

Obi Tenten*

190

180

170

160

150 kg 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110

Obi mu Duru†

Akontaabu no gyina: U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services de no so

* Bere a obi nhyɛ mpaboa.

† Bere a obi nhyɛ atade. Nkurɔfo a wɔwɔ ntini ne nnompe pii te sɛ mmarima no na wɔwɔ afã a wɔn mu yɛ duru paa no.