Ahodɔmdi—Ade a Ɛrehaw Mmofra
TE SƐ nea na akodi, awudi, ne atirimɔdenne nyɛ nea ebetumi asɛe yɛn mmofra no, seesei mmofra pii resɛe wɔn ho denam wɔn ho dɔm a wodi so. Nnubɔne ne mmosa a mmofra nom resɛe wɔn adwene ne wɔn nipadua, na ɛrekunkum mmofra pii. Nsɛm a wɔtaa te fa obi a Nnurunom Ntraso akum no ho ne sɛ—ebia onii no faa aduru bi boroo so, sɛ́ ebia ɔhyɛɛ da anaasɛ wanhyɛ da.
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report a ɛbaa April 28, 1995, no kae sɛ “ahodɔmdi ne ade a ɛto so abiɛsa a ɛrekum mmofra a wɔadu wɔn mpanyin afe so a wɔadi fi mfe 15-19 wɔ United States no.” Oduruyɛfo J. J. Mann kyerɛw wɔ The Decade of the Brain mu sɛ: “Amerikafo bɛboro 30,000 [wɔ 1995 mu no, na dodow no yɛ 31,284] na wodi wɔn ho dɔm afe biara. Awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ, mmofra na wɔtaa di wɔn ho dɔm . . . Nnipa a wɔboro saa 30,000 no mmɔho du na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm nanso ɛnyɛ yiye. . . . Ayarefo a wohu sɛ wobetumi adi wɔn ho dɔm no yɛ aduruyɛ mu asɛnnennen titiriw efisɛ ɛnyɛ mmerɛw mma nnuruyɛfo pii sɛ wobetumi ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda ayarefo a wɔwɔ adwenemhaw a emu yɛ den a wɔbɛbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm ne wɔn a wonni wɔn ho dɔm no ntam.”
Simon Sobo a ɔyɛ panyin wɔ beae a wɔhwɛ adwenemhawfo wɔ New Milford Ayaresabea wɔ Connecticut, U.S.A., no kae sɛ: “Nnipa pii na wɔabɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm wɔ fefɛw bere [1995] yi mu sen nea mahu wɔ mfe 13 a mede atra ha no mu.” Wɔ United States no, mmofra a wɔadu wɔn mpanyin afe so mpempem pii na wɔbɔ mmɔden sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm afe biara. Nea ɛma nkurɔfo bɔ mmɔden sɛ wobekum wɔn ho no mu biara fi mmoa a wohia ne bere a afoforo benya ama wɔn. Hena na ɔbɛkɔ wɔn nkyɛn akɔboa wɔn ansa na aka akyi dodo?
Wiase Nyinaa Haw
Tebea no nyɛ soronko koraa wɔ wiase mmeae foforo. Wɔ India no, sɛnea India Today kyerɛ no, mmofra bɛyɛ 30,000 na wodii wɔn ho dɔm wɔ 1990 mu. Wɔ Canada, Finland, France, Israel, Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Switzerland, ne Thailand no, mmofra a wodi wɔn ho dɔm no dodow anya nkɔanim. Afe 1996 amanneɛbɔ a efi Amanaman Nkabom Mmofra Foto (UNICEF) hɔ no ka sɛ mmeae a mmofra di wɔn ho dɔm kɛse ne Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, New Zealand, Russia, ne Slovenia.
Beae biako a mmofra di wɔn ho dɔm sen biara nso ne Australia. Sɛnea amanneɛbɔ bi a ɛwɔ The Canberra Times atesɛm krataa mu kyerɛ no, wɔ saa man yi mu no, mmarimaa a wowuwui no mu ɔha biara mu 25 ne mmeawa a wowuwui mu ɔha biara mu 17 na wodii wɔn ho dɔm wɔ 1995 mu. Australia mmarimaa dodow a “wotumi” di wɔn ho dɔm no dɔɔso sen mmeawa no mpɛn anum. Nkyekyem no te saa ara wɔ aman dodow no ara mu.
So eyi kyerɛ sɛ mmarimaa bɔ mmɔden kɛse sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm sen mmeawa? Ɛnte saa ankasa. Akontaabu a ɛwɔ hɔ no da no adi sɛ nsonsonoe kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ mmɔden a mmarimaa ne mmeawa nyinaa bɔ sɛ wobedi wɔn ho dɔm no mu. Nanso, “sɛnea nnansa yi akontaabu a efi WHO [Wiase Nyinaa Akwahosan Ahyehyɛde] hɔ kyerɛ no, mmarimaa ne mmeawa a wodi wɔn ho dɔm wɔ aman a wɔanya nkɔanim wɔ mfiridwuma mu no yɛ saa dodow no mpɛn anan.”—The Progress of Nations, a UNICEF tintimii no.
Nanso ebia ɛnyɛ nea asɛm no te ankasa ne nea saa akontaabu a ɛyɛ hu yi mpo ka no. Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa no, ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛkenkan mmofra a wodi wɔn ho dɔm ho akontaabu a wɔka ho asɛm wɔ aduruyɛ ne nhwehwɛmu kwan so no ho ade. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, nea wonnye ntom anaa wonhu wɔ akontaabu biara mu ne mmusua anidaso a ɛsɛe ne awerɛhodi, amanehunu, ɛyaw, ne abasamtu a wɔn a wowuwu gyaw wɔn no hyia bere a wɔhwehwɛ nea enti a wodi wɔn ho dɔm mu no.
Enti, so wobetumi asiw awerɛhosɛm te sɛ mmofra a wodi wɔn ho dɔm no ano? Wɔahu nneɛma atitiriw anan, na ebetumi aboa ma wɔakwati saa awerɛhow tebea yi.
[Kratafa 5 adaka]
Nneɛma a Ɛma Obi Di Ne Ho Dɔm
Nsɛm pii na wɔaka afa nneɛma a ɛma obi di ne ho dɔm ho. “Nneɛma a ɛma obi di ne ho dɔm ne bere a ɔrehyia ɔhaw bi a ɛboro n’ahoɔden so te sɛ ankonamyɛ, ɔdɔfo bi wu (titiriw aware mu hokafo), ofie a emu paapae wɔ mmofraaberem, honam mu nyarewa a emu yɛ den, mpanyinyɛ, adwuma a wonnya nyɛ, sikasɛm mu ahokyere, ne nnubɔnenom.”—The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine.
Sɛnea nnipa fekubɔ ho nimdefo Emile Durkheim kyerɛ no, nneɛma a ɛma obi di ne ho dɔm no gu ahorow anan:
1. Ahodɔmdi a Ahopɛ De Ba—Eyi “yɛ nsusuwii a nea ɛma ɛba ne sɛ obi ntumi nka ne ho nkɔ nnipa ho. Bere a wɔtew wɔn ho no, wɔn a ahopɛ ma wodi wɔn ho dɔm no ntumi ne wɔn mpɔtam hɔfo no nni nkitaho, na saa ara na wɔnhwehwɛ wɔn hɔ mmoa.” Wɔbɛyɛ ankonam.
2. Ahodɔmdi a Afoforo Ho Dɔ De Ba—“Onipa no de ne ho hyɛ kuw bi mu araa ma ɔbɛte nka sɛ afɔrebɔ biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ kɛse dodo.” Nhwɛso ahorow a wɔde ma ne Japan wimhyɛn mu akofo a wodii ako wɔ Wiase Ko II mu ne nyamesom mu kateeyɛfo a wɔn ankasa kunkum wɔn ho bere a wɔrekum wɔn a wosusuw sɛ wɔyɛ wɔn atamfo no. Nhwɛso foforo ne wɔn a wɔde wɔn ho bɔ afɔre wu de twe adwene si asɛm bi so no.
3. Ahodɔmdi a Abasamtu De Ba—“Obi a abasamtu ma odi ne ho dɔm ne obi a ontumi nni ɔhaw bi ho dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛfata so ma enti ɔpaw sɛ ne ho dɔm a obedi no ne ɔhaw no ano aduru. [Eyi] ba saa bere a abusuabɔ a onii ko no ne ɔmanfo wɔ sakra mpofirim ma ɛyɛ ahodwiriw no.”
4. Ahodɔmdi a Nhyɛso De Ba—“Wosusuw sɛ nea ɛde” eyi “ba ne mmara pii a ɔman no hyɛ ma enti esiw obi ahofadi kwan koraa no.” Wɔn a wodi wɔn ho dɔm saa kwan yi so no “te nka sɛ wonni daakye a ahotoso wom.”—Adolescent Suicide: Assessment and Intervention, a Alan L. Berman ne David A. Jobes tintimii.
[Kratafa 5 mfonini]
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ hu a ebetumi ama mmofra adi wɔn ho dɔm no bi