Sɛnea Ne Sa Yɛ Den
“Asikreyare biara nni hɔ a emu nyɛ den. Emu biara yɛ hu.”—Anne Daly, Asikreyare Fekuw a Ɛwɔ Amerika.
“WO MOGYA mu nhwehwɛmu a yɛyɛe no kyerɛ sɛ nneɛma bi nkɔ yiye wɔ wo mogya mu. Wuhia ayaresa ntɛm.” Oduruyɛfo no nsɛm no wosow Deborah te sɛ ahodwiride bi a ɛba mpofirim. Ɔka sɛ: “Saa anadwo no, mekɔɔ so dwenee sɛ ebia na mfomso bi wɔ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe no mu. Mekae wɔ me tirim sɛ entumi nyɛ nokware sɛ meyare.”
Sɛnea ɛte wɔ nnipa pii fam no, Deborah susuwii sɛ ɔte apɔw, enti obuu n’ani guu sɛnkyerɛnne horow a na ɛba ntoatoaso no so. Osusuwii sɛ sukɔm a na ɛde no ntoatoaso no fi nnuru bi a wɔde sa ɔpakum a na ɔnom no. Osusuwii sɛ nsu a ɔnom no pii no na na ɛma odwensɔ ntɛmntɛm no. Na brɛ a na ɔbrɛ no nso ɛ—wiɛ, ɔbaatan a ɔyɛ adwuma bɛn na ɔmmrɛ?
Nanso mogya mu nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe no daa no adi sɛ na ɔhaw no fi asikreyare. Ná ɛyɛ den ma Deborah sɛ obegye nea nhwehwɛmu no ka atom. Ɔka sɛ: “Manka me yare no ho asɛm ankyerɛ obiara. Sɛ edu anadwo, bere a abusua no nyinaa ada no a, mesɔre hwɛ esum mu dinn na misu.” Te sɛ Deborah no, sɛ ebinom behu sɛ wɔanya asikreyare a, wɔda nkate horow adi, a adwenemhaw ne abufuw mpo ka ho. Karen ka sɛ: “Mampɛ sɛ megye nokwasɛm no atom.”
Eyinom yɛ awosu mu nkate horow a wɔda no adi wɔ ɔhaw bi a ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ ne kwan so de ho. Nanso, sɛ wɔn a wɔanya asikreyare nya nkuranhyɛ a wobetumi agyina ano. Karen ka sɛ: “Me yarehwɛfo boaa me ma migyee me tebea no toom. Ɔma mihui sɛ mfomso nni ho sɛ mesu. Osu a misui no boaa me ma mitumi yɛɛ nsakrae.”
Nea Enti a Ɛyɛ Aniberesɛm
Ntease wom sɛ wɔfrɛ asikreyare sɛ “ɔyare a ɛsɛe nea nipadua no ahoɔden gyina so.” Sɛ nipadua no ntumi nnan glucose a ɛwom no a, ɛmma dwumadi ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkɔ so wɔ nipadua no mu no ntumi nkɔ so, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a nea efi mu ba no tumi yɛ asiane ma onipa no. Oduruyɛfo Harvey Katzeff ka sɛ: “Asikreyare ankasa nkum nkurɔfo tee, mmom no nyarewa foforo a wonya wɔ asikreyare akyi na ekum wɔn. Yɛbɔ mmɔden biara siw nyarewa a wonya wɔ asikreyare akyi no kwan, nanso sɛ ɔyare no nya ba de a yentumi nsa papa.”a
So anidaso bi wɔ hɔ ma wɔn a wɔanya asikreyare? Yiw—sɛ wohu aniberesɛm a ɛwɔ ɔyare yi mu na wogye ɛho ayaresa nhyehyɛe tom a.b
Adidi ne Apɔw Mu Teɛteɛ
Ɛwom sɛ wontumi nsiw asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no ano de, nanso nyansahufo reyɛ awosu mu nneɛma a ɛma obi tumi nya ɔyare yi bi mu nhwehwɛmu, na wɔrebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobenya akwan bi a wɔbɛfa so asiw ɔkwan a nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa no ankasa kõ tia wɔn ho wɔn ho no ano. (Hwɛ adaka “Glucose Dwumadi,” wɔ kratafa 8.) Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health nhoma ka sɛ: “Wɔ wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no type 2 no fam de, anidaso bi wɔ hɔ. Wɔn a ebia esiane sɛnea wɔn awosu mu nhyehyɛe te nti wobetumi anya ɔyare yi bi no betumi akwati ɔyare yi denam nnuan a nnuannuru nyinaa bi wom a wobedi ne wɔn apɔw mu a wɔbɛteɛteɛ daa so, na wɔnam saa kwan yi so nya apɔwmuden na wɔnyɛ kɛse ntra so nso.”c—Yɛn na yɛasi ɔfã bi so dua no.
Bere a nsɛmma nhoma Journal of the American Medical Association resi mfaso a ɛwɔ apɔw mu teɛteɛ mu so dua no, ɛtwee adwene sii nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ mmea mu so kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu no daa no adi sɛ “bere tiaa a obi gye de teɛteɛ n’apɔw mu no boa yiye ma [nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ nipadua mu] no tumi de bɛboro nnɔnhwerew 24 twetwe glucose anaa insulin de kɔ nipadua no mu.” Enti, amanneɛbɔ no de ba awiei sɛ “nantew ne adwumaden nyinaa boa ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ mmea benya asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no type 2 no so tew koraa.” (Yɛn na yɛasi ɔfã bi so dua no.) Nhwehwɛmufo no hyɛ nyansa sɛ anyɛ yiye koraa no ɛsɛ sɛ obi taa yɛ adwumaden kakra simma 30 nna bi, sɛ ɛnyɛ dapɛn no mu da biara mpo a. Nea ɛka apɔw mu teɛteɛ adwuma yi ho betumi ayɛ biribi a ne yɛ nyɛ den te sɛ nantew, a American Diabetes Association Complete Guide to Diabetes ka ho asɛm sɛ “ɛda adi sɛ ɛno ne apɔw mu teɛteɛ adwuma nyinaa mu nea eye sen biara, asiane biara nni ho, na ne bo nso nyɛ den no.”
Nanso, wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare apɔw mu teɛteɛ ho de, ɛsɛ sɛ nnuruyɛfo na wɔde ho akwankyerɛ ma. Ade biako ne sɛ, asikreyare betumi asɛe ntini horow a mogya ne aduan nam mu ne ehon ntini no, na eyi betumi aka sɛnea mogya bɔ fa nipadua no mu ne sɛnea obi te nka no. Enti ebetumi aba sɛ biribi betĩ obi nan ho a onhu, na ayɛ kuru ma abɛdan akisikuru—ade a ɛyɛ hu a sɛ wɔanhwɛ anka ho asɛm ntɛm a, ebetumi ama wɔatwa nan no.d
Nanso, apɔw mu teɛteɛ ho nhyehyɛe betumi aboa obi ma wadi n’asikreyare ho dwuma. ADA Complete Guide ka sɛ: “Dodow a nhwehwɛmufo yɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ apɔw mu teɛteɛ a wɔyɛ no daa so mu nhwehwɛmu no, dodow no ara na wohu sɛ mfaso wɔ so.”
Insulin Ayaresa
Nea ɛka adidi ne apɔw mu teɛteɛ ho nhyehyɛe a nnipa pii a wɔyare asikreyare di ho dwuma ho no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ hu glucose dodow a ɛwɔ wɔn nipadua mu na wɔwɔ nsulin paane mpɛn dodow bi daa. Esiane sɛ ebinom a wɔanya asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 adi adidi ne apɔw mu teɛteɛ ho nhyehyɛe pa akyi ma wɔanya apɔwmuden nti, anyɛ yiye koraa no, wɔagyae insulin paane a wɔwɔ no daa no kakra.e Karen, a ɔyare asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no ahu sɛ apɔw mu teɛteɛ boa ma insulin paane a ɔwɔ no yɛ adwuma yiye. Ne saa nti, watumi atew insulin paane a ɔwɔ no daa no so aba ɔha mu 20.
Nanso, sɛ ɛba sɛ ɔyarefo no hia insulin a, ɛnsɛ sɛ ɔma n’abam bu ɔkwan biara so. Mary Ann a ɔyɛ ɔyarehwɛfo a ɔhwɛ nnipa pii a wɔyare asikreyare no ka sɛ: “Sɛ wɔde insulin ma wo a na ɛnkyerɛ sɛ anidaso biara nni hɔ mma wo. Ɛmfa ho asikreyare ko a woanya no, sɛ wode ahwɛyiye hwɛ sɛ womma asikre pii mma wo mogya mu a, ɛbɛboa ma nyarewa a anka ɛbɛba akyiri yi no so atew.” Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛɛ no nnansa yi daa no adi sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 a wɔde ahwɛyiye bɔɔ wɔn mogya mu asikre dodow ho ban no “ani, asaabo, ne ntini mu nyarewa so tewee koraa.” Sɛ nhwɛso no aniyare (aniyare a ɛmma aniwa so nyɛ kuru) so tewee bɛyɛ ɔha mu 76! Wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 a wɔbɔ wɔn mogya mu asikre dodow ho ban no nso nya mfaso koro no ara bi.
Nea ɛbɛyɛ a insulin ayaresa bɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛnyɛ yaw pii no, wɔde insulin pɛn—mpaane nketenkete a ɛnyɛ yaw pii—di dwuma wɔ asikreyare ayaresa mu. Mary Ann ka sɛ: “Paane a edi kan no na ɛyɛ a ɛtaa yɛ yaw. Wɔ ɛno akyi no, wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare no pii ka sɛ wɔnte yaw biara.” Akwan foforo a wɔfa so wɔ mpaane yi bi ne nneɛma bi a wɔde wɔ mpaane a ɛno ara pia paane no so kɔ honam no mu a wonte yaw biara, ebi nso ma insulin tumi kɔ were no mu ntɛm, na ebi nso te sɛ rɔba hama a wɔde nnuru fa mu fa ntini no mu kɔ nipadua no mu a etumi di nnanu anaa nnansa wɔ honam no mu. Nnansa yi, nnipa pii ani abegye insulin a ɛwɔ toa a ne kɛse te sɛ pager (afiri a wɔde gye nsɛm) mu a wotumi de hyɛ kotoku mu a ekyi insulin kɔ honam no mu no ho. Saa afiri yi a wɔahyehyɛ ma ɛde akwankyerɛ yɛ adwuma no tumi kyi insulin fa rɔba dorobɛn mu kɔ nipadua no mu nkakrankakra sɛnea nipadua no hia da biara, na ɛma insulin a ɛsɛ sɛ ɛkɔ nipadua no mu yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛnea ɛfata.
Kɔ So Sua Ho Ade
Wɔ eyinom nyinaa akyi no, asikreyare ho ayaresa pɔtee biara nni hɔ a eye ma nnipa nyinaa. Sɛ ɛba ayaresa a obi bɛpaw ho a, ɛsɛ sɛ ankorankoro biara susuw nneɛma pii ho sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a obesi n’ankasa gyinae. Mary Ann ka sɛ: “Ɛwom sɛ ebia nnuruyɛfo kuw bi na wɔresa wo yare de, nanso wo na ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ ma ayaresa a wɔde rema no yɛ nea edi mu.” Nokwarem no, Diabetes Care nsɛmma nhoma no ka sɛ: “Yebetumi abu asikreyare ayaresa a wɔnkyerɛkyerɛ obi mma no nhu sɛnea ɛsɛ sɛ ɔyɛ n’ade no sɛ enni mu na ɛmfata.”
Dodow a wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare sua wɔn yare ho ade no, dodow no ara na wobetumi ahwɛ wɔn akwahosan so yiye na ama wɔayɛ nkurɔfo a wobetumi atra ase akyɛ wɔ akwahosan pa mu. Nanso, nkyerɛkyerɛ a etu mpɔn no gye ntoboase. Diabetes—Caring for Your Emotions as Well as Your Health nhoma no kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ: “Sɛ wobɔ mmɔden sɛ wubesua biribiara prɛko pɛ a, ɛda adi sɛ nneɛma betu afra na wuntumi mfa nea wusua no nni dwuma yiye. Ɛno da nkyɛn a, nsɛm a ɛho hia titiriw na mfaso wɔ so ma wo no pii a ɛsɛ sɛ wusua no nni nhoma anaa nkratawa mu. Egyina . . . sɛnea wo mogya mu asikre so tew anaa ɛkɔ soro wɔ tebea horow mu no so. Egye bere na ama woatumi asua ɛho ade, denam sɔ a wobɛsɔ ahwɛ mpɛn pii so.”
Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ wode w’ani to fam yiye a wubetumi ahu sɛnea wo nipadua no yɛ n’ade wɔ adwennwen a ebetumi ama asikre a ɛwɔ wo mogya mu no akɔ soro ho no. Ken ka sɛ: “Mayare asikreyare mfe 50 ni, na minim nea ɛreyɛ me wɔ me nipadua mu!” Ken nipadua a “otie no no” aboa no paa efisɛ ɛwom mpo sɛ wadi boro mfe 70 de, nanso ɔda so yɛ adwuma bere nyinaa!
Sɛnea Mmoa a Abusuafo De Ma Ho Hia
Ade a ɛnsɛ sɛ yebu yɛn ani gu so wɔ asikreyare ayaresa mu ne abusuafo mmoa. Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu bi ka sɛ, “sɛnea abusua bi bom tra ase fɛfɛɛfɛ no betumi ayɛ ɔkwan titiriw a wɔfa so di nneɛma ho dwuma” wɔ mmofra ne mmabun a wɔyare asikreyare ayarehwɛ mu.
Sɛ abusuafo sua asikreyare ho ade, na wɔhyehyɛ ma wɔn mu biara ne obusuani a ɔyare no kɔ ayaresabea mmiako mmiako a, mfaso wɔ so. Ɔyare no ho nimdeɛ a wobenya no bɛboa wɔn ma wɔayɛ mmoa, wɔahu ɔyare no ho sɛnkyerɛnne atitiriw, na wɔahu sɛnea wɔbɛyɛ wɔn ade wɔ ho afa. Ted, a ne yere ayare asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 fi bere a odii mfe anan no ka sɛ: “Metumi akyerɛ bere a asikre dodow a ɛwɔ Barbara mogya mu so atew kɛse no. Bere a morebɔ nkɔmmɔ no ogyae yɛ komm. Ɔte mfifiri sɛnea wɔahwie nsu agu ne so, na ne bo fuw a ntease biara nnim. Na n’ahokeka ano brɛ ase.”
Saa ara na sɛ Catherine, Ken yere, hu sɛ Ken anim reyɛ hoyaa, wayɛ dinn, na ohu nsakrae bi wɔ ne nneyɛe mu a, ɔne no susuw asɛm a ɛnyɛ den ho. Sɛ mmuae a Ken de bɛma no kyerɛ sɛ n’adwene ayɛ no basaa a, ɛma Catherine hu sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ n’ankasa si gyinae de di tebea no ho dwuma ntɛm. Ken ne Barbara nyinaa ani gye sɛ wɔwɔ ahokafo a wɔwɔ nimdeɛ a wɔdɔ wɔn na wotumi de wɔn ho to wɔn so kosi ase.f
Ɛsɛ sɛ abusuafo a wɔwɔ ɔdɔ bɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛyɛ aboafo ne ayamyefo, na wonya abotare—saa su yi na ebetumi aboa obi a ɔyare ma wagyina asetra mu nsɛnnennen ano, na atumi ama wɔn yare no ano abrɛ ase. Karen kunu maa ɔtee nka sɛ ɔdɔ no, na eyi boae pii. Karen ka sɛ: “Nigel ka kyerɛɛ me sɛ, ‘Nnipa hia aduan ne nsu na ama wɔatra ase, sɛnea wo nso wuhia aduan ne nsu—ne insulin kakraa ara pɛ no.’ Nsɛm a ɛda ayamye adi na mfaso wɔ so yi ara ne nea na mihia.”
Ɛsɛ sɛ abusuafo ne nnamfo te ase sɛ, sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ obi mogya mu foro kɔ soro anaa ɛso tew a, asikreyare betumi ama obi nneyɛe asakra. Ɔbea bi ka sɛ: “Sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ me mogya mu no so tew a, ɛma meyɛ dinn, mebotow, nneɛma haw me ntɛmntɛm, na meyɛ basaa. Afei ɛhaw me sɛ madi mmofrasɛm. Nanso sɛ mihu sɛ afoforo te nea enti a meda saa nkate yi adi—ade a mebɔ mmɔden sɛ medi so—no ase a, ɛboa me.”
Ne titiriw no, sɛ nea ɔyare asikreyare no nnamfo ne abusuafo boa no a, otumi gyina ano yiye. Bible mu nnyinasosɛm ahorow nso betumi aboa. Ɔkwan bɛn so?
[Ase hɔ nsɛm]
a Nyarewa a wonya wɔ asikreyare akyi no bi ne komayare, nipadua no fã a edwudwo, asaabo a ɛnyɛ adwuma yiye, mogya ntini mu yare, ne ehon ntini mu yare. Sɛ mogya a ɛbɔ kɔ nan mu no sua a ebetumi ama obi anya akisikuru, na wɔ tebea horow a enye mu no, ɛho behia sɛ wotwa nan a akisikuru wɔ mu no. Mpanyimfo a wɔn ani afura no fã kɛse no ara taa fi asikreyare.
b Nyan! nhyɛ ayaresa pɔtee bi ho nkuran. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wosusuw sɛ wɔanya asikreyare no kohu oduruyɛfo a ne ho akokwaw wɔ yare yi ho bammɔ ne ne sa ho.
c Sɛ srade dɔɔso wɔ wo yam a, ɛyɛ asiane kɛse sen sɛ srade bɛdɔɔso wɔ wo sisi mu.
d Wɔn a wɔnom sigaret no de wɔn ho to asiane mu kɛse, efisɛ sigaretnom sɛe koma no ne sɛnea mogya di kyinhyia wɔ nipadua no mu na ɛma ntini horow a mogya fam no mu sisiw. Nhoma bi ka sɛ wɔn a wɔanya asikreyare a wɔatwitwa wɔn anan no mu ɔha mu 95 na na wɔnom sigaret.
e Wɔnam nnuru a wɔnom so aboa wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare yi binom. Eyinom bi ne nnuru a ɛkanyan akitegya no ma ekyi insulin pii gu mogya no mu, nnuru foforo a ɛtew mogya mu asikre so, ne nnuru foforo nso a ɛtew nneɛma a esiw insulin kwan so. (Wɔntaa mfa nnuru a wɔnom mma wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no.) Mprempren de, wontumi nnom insulin, efisɛ ɔkwan a nipadua no fa yam aduan no sɛe ahoɔdennuru yi koraa ansa na akɔ mogya no mu. Insulin a wɔde sa asikreyare anaa asikreyare nnuru a wɔnom mu biara nni hɔ a etwa hia a ehia sɛ wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare teɛteɛ wɔn apɔw mu na wɔhwɛ wɔn adidi yiye no mu.
f Nnuruyɛfo hyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare mfa krataa bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ asikreyare nhyɛ wɔn ho daa na wɔnhyɛ agude bi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔwɔ asikreyare. Wɔ tebea a ɛyɛ den mu no saa nneɛma yi betumi agye obi nkwa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, sɛ asikre a ɛwɔ obi mogya mu no so tew a wobetumi afa no sɛ ɛyɛ ɔyare foforo bi anaa mpo sɛ onii no aboro nsa bere a ɛnte saa.
[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 6]
So Ɛyɛ Mmofra Nso?
Oduruyɛfo Arthur Rubenstein, a ɔyɛ aduruyɛ mu ɔbenfo ne New York Mount Sinai Aduruyɛ Ho Sukuupɔn titrani ka sɛ asikreyare “reyɛ abɛyɛ mmofra yare.” Sɛ wɔkyekyɛm a, mfe dodow a obi di ansa na anka wanya asikreyare no so tew ara na ɛretew. Bere a asikreyare ho ɔbenfo, Oduruyɛfo Robin S. Goland reka asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 ho asɛm no, ɔka sɛ: “Mfe 10 a atwam no, na yɛkyerɛkyerɛ sukuufo a wɔresua aduruyɛ ho ade sɛ wonhu sɛ nnipa a wonnii mfe 40 anya saa yare yi bi. Nanso mprempren yehu sɛ ɔyare yi ayɛ nnipa a wonnii mfe 10.”
Dɛn nti na mmofra a wonya asikreyare no redɔɔso? Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wonya fi awo mu. Nanso kɛseyɛ ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia nso betumi ama mmofra anya ɔyare yi. Wɔ mfe 20 a atwam mu no, mmofra a wɔyɛ kɛse boro so dodow abu abɔ ho. Dɛn na ama no aba saa? Oduruyɛfo William Dietz a ɔwɔ U.S. Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Siw Nyarewa Ano ka sɛ: “Wɔ mfe 20 a atwam no, nsakrae pii aba adidi ne nnwuma a wɔyɛ de teɛteɛ apɔw mu mu. Nea ɛka eyinom ho ne mmɔnten so nnuan a nnipa pii tɔ di; nnipa a wɔntaa nnidi anɔpa a wɔredɔɔso; nsa dɔkɔdɔkɔ a wɔnom no pii ne nnuan a wɔyɛ no gya-so-gya-so a nnipa pii tɔ di; [apɔw mu teɛteɛ ntetee] a wɔde ma wɔ sukuu mu a ano abrɛ ase; ne bere a ɛsɛ sɛ mmofra de gye wɔn ahome wɔ sukuu mu a wɔatwam.”
Wontumi nsa asikreyare mma ase ntu. Enti, nyansa wom sɛ yebedi afotu tiawa a abofra bi a wadu ne mpanyin afe so a ɔyare asikreyare de ma yi akyi sɛ: “Twe wo ho fi aduammɔne ho na nya apɔwmuden.”
[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 8, 9]
Glucose Dwumadi
Glucose na ɛma nkwammoaa pepeankoma a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no ahoɔden. Nanso, ansa na ebetumi akɔ nkwammoaa no mu no, ehia “safe” bi—insulin, nipadua mu nsu a ɛma asikre yɛ adwuma a akitegya no kyi gu mogya mu. Wɔ asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 mu de, ɛyɛ a na insulin nni nipadua no mu koraa. Nea wɔfrɛ no Type 2 no de, nipadua no ma ne ho insulin nanso ɛyɛ a na esua.g Afei nso, ɛyɛ a nkwammoaa no mpɛ sɛ ɛbɛma insulin kwan ma akɔ mu—tebea bi a wɔfrɛ no insulin akwanside. Wɔ asikreyare abien yi nyinaa mu no, nea efi mu ba no yɛ ade koro: nkwammoaa a ɛkɔm de wɔn ne asikre a ɛdɔɔso dodo wɔ mogya mu.
Sɛ obi nya asikreyare Type 1 a, onii no nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa no ne nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akitegya no mu a ɛma insulin no di asi. Enti, asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no yɛ ɔyare a nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa de ba, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa asikreyare. Nneɛma a ebetumi ama nipadua mu nkwaadɔm a ɛko tia nyarewa ako atia wɔn ho no bi ne ɔyare mmoawa, nnuru a awuduru wom, ne nnuru ahorow bi. Awosu mu nneɛma bi nso betumi de aba, efisɛ mpɛn pii no wonya asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no fi abusua mu, na abu so kɛse wɔ Aborɔfo mu.
Ɛdefa asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 ho no, awosu mu nneɛma a ɛde ba no dɔɔso paa nanso wɔn a wɔnyɛ Aborɔfo no na ɛtaa yɛ wɔn paa. Australia Aboriginefo ne Amerikafo Ankasa ka wɔn a ɔyare yi taa yɛ wɔn kɛse no ho, na Amerikafo Ankasa na asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 no yɛ wɔn sen obiara wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nhwehwɛmufo reyɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda awosu ne kɛseyɛ mmoroso ntam ne afei ɔkwan a srade a ɛboro so wɔ nipadua no mu no tumi ma insulin akwanside no kɔ soro wɔ ebinom a wotumi nya asikreyare esiane sɛnea wɔn awosu te nti no mu.h Nea ɛnte sɛ asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 1 no, asikreyare a wɔfrɛ no Type 2 no taa yɛ nnipa a wɔadi boro mfe 40 no titiriw.
[Ase hɔ nsɛm]
g Nnipa a wɔyare asikreyare no mu bɛyɛ ɔha mu 90 de yɛ Type 2. Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔfrɛ no “asikreyare a ɛnyɛ insulin na wɔde kõ” anaa “asikreyare a ɛyɛ mpanyimfo nkutoo.” Nanso, edin a wɔde frɛ saa asikreyare yi no yɛ mfomso, efisɛ nnipa dodow a wɔyare asikreyare Type 2 no mu bɛyɛ ɔha mu 40 na wohia insulin. Bio nso, mmabun pii—a ebinom mpo nnii mfe 20—renya asikreyare Type 2 yi bi.
h Sɛ obi mu duru boro sɛnea ne nipadua te so bɛyɛ ɔha mu 20 a na ɛkyerɛ sɛ wayɛ kɛse aboro so.
[Mfonini]
Glucose mu nneɛma nketenkete
[Asɛm Fibea]
Courtesy: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
[Adaka wɔ kratafa 9]
Dwuma a Akitegya no Di
Akitegya a ne kɛse bɛyɛ sɛ kwadu bɛtem no, da didifuro no akyi pɛɛ wɔ yafunu no mu. Sɛnea The Unofficial Guide to Living With Diabetes nhoma no kyerɛ no, “akitegya a ahoɔden wom no kɔ so yɛ adwuma pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ nipadua no mu na ɛboa ma mogya mu asikre dodow a nipadua no hia no da biara yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ denam ahoɔdennuru bi a wɔfrɛ no insulin dodow a ɛsɛ a ekyi gu nipadua no mu bere a glucose a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no dodow kɔ soro anaa ɛso tew no.” Nkwammoaa a ɛwɔ akitegya mu a wɔfrɛ no beta no na ɛyɛ ahoɔdennuru a wɔfrɛ no insulin no.
Sɛ nkwammoaa a wɔfrɛ no beta no anyɛ insulin dodow a ɛsɛ a, ɛma glucose dɔɔso wɔ mogya no mu, na ɛma asikre dɔɔso boro so wɔ mogya mu, nea wɔfrɛ no hyperglycemia no. Wɔfrɛ nea ɛne no bɔ abira no—mogya mu asikre a ɛwɔ fam—hypoglycemia. Berɛbo a ɛne akitegya bom yɛ adwuma no boa ma nipadua no nya mogya mu asikre dodow a ɛsɛ denam glucose a aboro so wɔ mogya no mu a ɛdan no glycogen de sie so. Sɛ akitegya no kanyan berɛbo no a, ɛdan glycogen a ɛde asie no yɛ no glucose ma nipadua no.
[Adaka/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 9]
Dwuma a Asikre Di
Adwene a ɛnteɛ a nnipa pii wɔ ne sɛ, sɛ obi di asikre pii a na onya asikreyare. Aduruyɛ mu adanse kyerɛ sɛ kɛse a obi bɛyɛ—ɛmfa ho asikre dodow a odi no—ma asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ ma ankorankoro a wobetumi anya asikreyare afi awosu mu no yɛ kɛse. Nanso, asikre pii a obi bedi no nye mma akwahosan pa, efisɛ nnuannuru ketewaa bi na ɛwom na ɛma kɛseyɛ mmoroso.
Adwene a ɛnteɛ foforo a nkurɔfo wɔ nso ne sɛ, wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare no kɔn taa dɔ asikre paa. Nanso, nokwarem no, sɛnea wɔn kɔn dɔ nnɔkɔnnɔkɔwade no ne nnipa foforo pii de yɛ pɛ. Sɛ wɔanhwɛ ansiw asikreyare ano a, ebetumi ama obi apere kɔm—nanso ɛnyɛ asikre ho kɔm. Nnipa a wɔyare asikreyare betumi adi nnɔkɔnnɔkɔwade, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wohu asikre dodow a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde gu aduan biara a wobedi mu.
Nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ no nnansa yi ada no adi sɛ nnuan a fructose dɔɔso wom—asikre a wonya fi nnuaba ne mfunne mu—betumi ama nneɛma asiw insulin a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu no kwan na ama mmoa mpo anya asikreyare, ɛmfa ho sɛnea wɔn kɛse te.
[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ/Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 8, 9]
Asikreyare a Wɔama Asete Ayɛ Mmerɛw
AKITEGYA
↓ ↓ ↓
Obi a Ɔwɔ Apɔwmuden Asikreyare a Asikreyare a
Wɔfrɛ no Type 1 Wɔfrɛ no Type 2
Wɔ adidi akyi no, Nipadua mu nkwaadɔm Mpɛn pii no
akitegya no di glucose a ɛko tia nyarewa no akitegya no ma
dodow a aboro so wɔ to hyɛ nkwammoaa a insulin kakraa bi
mogya mu no ho dwuma, ɛwɔ akitegya no mu
denam insulin dodow a a ɛma insulin no so.
ɛfata a ekyi gu mogya Ne saa nti, nipadua
no mu so no nnya insulin
↓ ↓ ↓
Insulin mu nneɛma Sɛ insulin mmoa nka Sɛ nkwammoaa
nketenkete no fomfam ho a, glucose mu nkotoku no ntumi
ntini mu nkwammoaa ne nneɛma nketenkete no nyɛ insulin no ho
nkwammoaa afoforo ntumi nhyɛn ntini mu adwuma yiye a,
nkotoku ho. Na eyi fi nkwammoaa no mu akwan a glucose
ase yɛ adwuma ma fa mu no ntumi
glucose mu nneɛma nyɛ adwuma
nketenkete no tumi fa
akwan a glucose fa
mu no mu
↓ ↓ ↓
Ntini mu nkwammoaa Glucose boa ano wɔ mogya no mu,
no twetwe glucose na esiw dwumadi ahorow a ɛho hia
no de yɛ adwuma. Ɛno wɔ nipadua no mu kwan na ɛsɛe
ma glucose dodow a ntini a mogya fa mu no
ɛwɔ mogya no mu a
nipadua no hia no
yɛ nea ɛsɛ
[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ]
(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)
Nkwammoaa kotoku
Ɔkwan a glucose fa mu
Insulin
Glucose
Nucleus (akwaa a ɛkyerɛ nkwammoaa no dwumadi kwan)
Nkwaboaa
[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ]
(Wopɛ nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ awie no a, hwɛ nhoma no mu)
MOGYA NTINI
Mogya mu nkwammoaa kɔkɔɔ
Glucose
[Asɛm Fibea]
Man: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck
[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]
Aduampa ho hia ma wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare
[Mfonini ahorow wɔ kratafa 10]
Wɔn a wɔyare asikreyare betumi anya da biara da dwumadi mu kyɛfa