So Tete Asɔre No Kyerɛkyerɛe Sɛ Onyankopɔn Yɛ Baasakoro?
Ɔfã 2—So Asɔre Agyanom no Kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro Ɔkyerɛkyerɛ No?
Wɔ November 1, 1991 Ɔwɛn-Aban (Vol. 112, No. 21) no mu no, nsɛm a ɛba toatoa so yi Ɔfã 1 kaa sɛ ebia Yesu ne n’asuafo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro nkyerɛkyerɛ anaa dabi no ho asɛm—adwene a ɛne sɛ Agya, Ɔba, ne honhom kronkron no yɛ nnipa baasa a wɔyɛ pɛ nanso wɔyɛ Onyankopɔn biako. Adanse pefee a efi Bible mu, abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo, ne nyamekyerɛfo mpo nkyɛn ne sɛ wɔankyerɛkyerɛ saa. Na asɔre mpanyimfo a wodii wɔn akyi bae no nso ɛ—so wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro bi?
“ASƆRE AGYANOM” ne din a wɔde frɛ asɔre mufo a wɔkyerɛw Kristosom ho asɛm wɔ Yɛn Bere yi mu afeha a edi kan awiei ne nea ɛto so abien no mfiase mu no. Wɔn mu binom ne Clement a ofi Rome, Ignatius, Polycarp, Hermas, ne Papias.
Wose wɔne asomafo no binom traa ase bere koro no ara mu. Enti, na ɛsɛ sɛ wohu asomafo no nkyerɛkyerɛ. The New Encyclopœdia Britannica ka nea saa mmarima no kyerɛw ho asɛm sɛ:
“Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, Asɔre Agyanom no nkyerɛwee ahorow no som bo wɔ abakɔsɛm mu kɛse sen Kristofo nhoma foforo biara wɔ Apam Foforo no akyi.”1
Sɛ asomafo no kyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro ɔkyerɛkyerɛ no a, ɛnde ɛsɛ sɛ anka saa Asɔre Agyanom no nso kyerɛkyerɛ. Ɛsɛ sɛ anka edi akoten wɔ wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ mu, esiane sɛ na biribiara nni hɔ a ɛho hia sen onii ko a Onyankopɔn yɛ a wɔbɛka akyerɛ afoforo nti. Enti so wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro ɔkyerɛkyerɛ no?
Gyidi ho Asɛm a Wɔkaa no Tete
Wohu Kristofo gyidi ho nsɛm a wɔaka a emfi Bible no mu a akyɛ sen biara no mu biako wɔ nhoma bi a ekura atiri ntiantiaa 16 a wɔfrɛ no The Didache, anaa Teaching of the Twelve Apostles no mu. Abɔkɔsɛm akyerɛwfo binom se wɔkyerɛw ansa na afe 100 Y.B. reba anaa bɛyɛ saa bere no mu ara. Obiara nnim nea ɔkyerɛwee.2
The Didache ka nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ nkurɔfo hu na wɔabɛyɛ Kristofo no ho asɛm. Wɔ ti a ɛto so 7 mu no, ɛhyɛ sɛ wɔmmɔ asu wɔ “Agya, Ɔba, ne honhom kronkron din mu” a ɛyɛ nsɛm koro no ara a Yesu de dii dwuma wɔ Mateo 28:19 no. 3 Nanso ɛnka sɛnea baasa no yɛ pɛ wɔ te a wɔte hɔ daa, tumi, dibea, ne nyansa mu no ho asɛm biara. Wɔ ti a ɛto so 10 mu no, The Didache de gyidi a wɔaka ho asɛm sɛ mpaebɔ yi ka ho sɛ:
“Yɛda wo ase, Agya Kronkron, wɔ wo Din kronkron a woama atra yɛn komam no ho; ne wɔ nimdeɛ ne gyidi ne asetra a owu nnim a wonam w’Akoa Yesu so ama yɛahu ho nsɛm no ho. Anuonyam nka wo daa! Wo, Owura Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ, na wobɔɔ ade nyinaa wo Din nti . . . Na wonam w’Akoa Yesu so de honhom fam aduan ne anonne, ne daa nkwa adom yɛn.”4
Baasakoro biara nni eyi mu. Wɔ nhoma The Influence of Greek Ideas on Christianity mu no, Edwin Hatch de atifi hɔ nsɛm yi ka asɛm na afei ɔka sɛ:
“Mmeae a Kristosom fii ase nyaa nkɛntɛnso no, na ɛnte sɛ nea wɔanya nsusuwii a asete nyɛ den yi mu nkɔso ahe biara. Ɔkyerɛkyerɛ a wosii so dua ne sɛ Onyankopɔn wɔ hɔ, sɛ Ɔyɛ biako, sɛ Ɔne ade nyinaa so tumfoɔ na ɔte ase daa, sɛ Ɔno na ɔbɔɔ wiase, sɛ Ne mmɔborɔhunu wɔ Ne nnwuma nyinaa so. Na wonni adwenem nyansapɛ a asete yɛ den mu nsɛm ho anigye biara.”5
Clement a Ofi Roma
Clement a ofi Roma, a wosusuw sɛ na ɔyɛ “asɔre panyin” wɔ saa kurow no mu no nso yɛ tete Kristosom ho nsɛm kyerɛwfo. Wogye di sɛ owui bɛyɛ afe 100 Y.B. mu. Wɔ nhoma a wose ɔkyerɛwee no mu no, ɔnka Baasakoro bi ho asɛm biara tee anaa ɔkwan foforo so. Ɔkyerɛw wɔ First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians no mu sɛ:
“Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn dom ne asomdwoe a ɛnam Yesu Kristo so pii nka mo.”
“Asomafo no aka Asɛmpa a efi Awurade Yesu Kristo nkyɛn no akyerɛ yɛn; Yesu Kristo ayɛ saa afi Onyankopɔn nkyɛn. Enti Onyankopɔn na ɔsomaa Kristo, na Kristo somaa asomafo no.”
“Ɛmmra sɛ Onyankopɔn a ohu ade nyinaa, na ɔyɛ ahonhom nyinaa Sodifo ne ɔhonam nyinaa Awurade—a ɔpaw yɛn Awurade Yesu Kristo na ɔnam No so paw yɛn sɛ yɛnyɛ nnipa a wahyɛ da apaw wɔn no—bɛma ɔkra biara a ɔbɔ N’anuonyam din kronkron no gyidi, osuro, asomdwoe, boasetɔ, abodwokyɛre.”6
Clement nka sɛ Yesu Kristo anaa honhom kronkron no ne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ. Ɔkyerɛ sɛ Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn (ɛnyɛ “Agya” kɛkɛ) yɛ soronko wɔ Ɔba no ho. Wɔka Onyankopɔn ho asɛm sɛ ɔkorɔn, efisɛ Onyankopɔn na “ɔsomaa” Kristo, na Onyankopɔn na ‘ɔpaw’ Kristo. Clement rekyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn ne Kristo yɛ nnipa baanu a ɛsono wɔn mu biara na wɔnyɛ pɛ no, ɔkae sɛ: “Yɛde mpaebɔ ne nkotɔsrɛ a emu yɛ den bɛsrɛ na Amansan Bɔfo no nam ne Dɔba Yesu Kristo so akora wɔn a wapaw wɔn wɔ wiase mu nyinaa no dodow no so pɛpɛɛpɛ . . . Yenim sɛ wo [Onyankopɔn] nkutoo ne ‘wɔn a wɔkorɔn sen biara mu nea ɔkorɔn sen biara’ . . . Wo nkutoo ne ahonhom sohwɛfo ne ɔhonam nyinaa Nyankopɔn.”
“Na amanaman nyinaa nhu sɛ wo nkutoo ne Onyankopɔn, sɛ Yesu Kristo yɛ wo Ba.”7
Clement frɛ Onyankopɔn sɛ “nea ɔkorɔn sen biara,” (ɛnyɛ “Agya” kɛkɛ) na ɔka Yesu ho asɛm sɛ Onyankopɔn “Ba.” Ɔka Yesu ho asɛm nso sɛ: “Esiane sɛ ɔda Onyankopɔn kɛseyɛ adi nti, ɔkorɔn sen abɔfo no sɛnea n’abodin da nsow yiye sen wɔn de no.” 8 Yesu da Onyankopɔn kɛseyɛ adi, nanso ɔne ne kɛseyɛ no nyɛ pɛ, sɛnea ɔsram da owia hann adi nanso ɛne saa hann no fibea a ɛne owia no, nyɛ pɛ no.
Sɛ Onyankopɔn Ba no ne Onyankopɔn a ɔne ɔsoro Agya no yɛ pɛ a, ɛnde anka ɛho renhia sɛ Clement bɛka sɛ Yesu korɔn sen abɔfo no, efisɛ anka ɛno bɛyɛ nea wotumi hu dedaw. Na nsɛm a ɔde dii dwuma no kyerɛ sɛ na onim sɛ ɛwom sɛ Ɔba no korɔn sen abɔfo de, nanso ɔba fam sen Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no.
Clement nsusuwii da adi pefee: Ɔba no ba fam sen Agya no na Agya no nni hɔ a ɔno na ɔwɔ hɔ. Clement ammu Yesu da sɛ ɔne Agya no yɛ nyamesu bi fã. Ɔkyerɛ sɛ Ɔba no de ne ho to Agya no, kyerɛ sɛ Onyankopɔn so, na ɔka no pen sɛ Agya no “nkutoo ne Onyankopɔn,’ a ɔne obiara nkyɛ Ne dibea no. Na baabiara nni hɔ a Clement ka sɛ honhom kronkron no ne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ. Enti Baasakoro ho asɛm biara nni Clement nkyerɛwee no mu koraa.
Ignatius
Ignatius a na ɔyɛ asɔre panyin wɔ Antiokia no traa ase fi bɛyɛ afeha a edi kan no mfinimfini kosi afeha a ɛto so abien no mfiase mu. Sɛ yɛfa no sɛ ɔno na ɔkyerɛw nhoma ahorow a wose ɛyɛ ne de no ampa mpo a, ɔnka wɔ ebiara mu sɛ Agya, Ɔba, ne honhom kronkron no yɛ pɛ.
Sɛ Ignatius kae mpo sɛ Ɔba no ne Agya no yɛ pɛ wɔ te a wɔte hɔ daa, tumi, dibea, ne nyansa mu a, ɛno renkyerɛ Baasakoro ara, efisɛ wanka wɔ baabiara sɛ honhom kronkron no ne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ wɔ saa akwan no so. Nanso Ignatius anka sɛ Ɔba no ne Agya Nyankopɔn yɛ pɛ wɔ saa akwan no so, anaa wɔ ɔkwan foforo bi so. Mmom no, ɔkyerɛe sɛ Ɔba no hyɛ Onii a ɔkorɔn, Ade nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no ase.
Ignatius frɛ Ade nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn no sɛ “nokware Nyankopɔn koro pɛ, nea wɔanwo no na wontumi nkɔ ne nkyɛn, ade nyinaa Wura, Ɔba a wɔwoo no koro no Agya ne nea Ɔwoo no,” na ɔkyerɛ Onyankopɔn ne Ne Ba no ntam nsonsonoe.9 Ɔka “Agya Nyankopɔn, ne Awurade Yesu Kristo” ho asɛm. 10 Na ɔka sɛ: “Onyankopɔn biako na ɔwɔ hɔ, Ade nyinaa so Tumfoɔ no a ɔnam Ne Ba Yesu Kristo so ada Ne ho adi no.”11
Ignatius kyerɛ sɛ na Ɔba no nte hɔ daa sɛ onipa na mmom wɔbɔɔ no, efisɛ ɔkyerɛ sɛ Ɔba no kae sɛ: “Awurade [Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn] na ɔbɔɔ Me, N’akwan mfiase.” 12 Saa ara na Ignatius kae sɛ: “Amansan no Nyankopɔn biako na ɔwɔ hɔ, Kristo Agya, ‘nea ade nyinaa fi no;’ ne Awurade biako Yesu Kristo, yɛn Awurade, ‘a ade nyinaa nam ne so bae.’”13 Ɔkyerɛw nso sɛ:
“Honhom Kronkron no nka N’ankasa nsɛm, na mmom Kristo nsɛm, . . . sɛnea Awurade nso kaa nneɛma a ne nsa ka fii Agya no nkyɛn ho asɛm kyerɛɛ yɛn no. Efisɛ, [Ɔba no] ka sɛ, ‘asɛm a mote no nyɛ M’asɛm, na mmom Agya a ɔsomaa Me no asɛm.’”14
“Onyankopɔn biako na ɔwɔ hɔ, na ɔnam ne Ba Yesu Kristo a ɔyɛ n’Asɛm a efi kommyɛ mu bae na ɔsɔɔ [Onyankopɔn] a ɔsomaa no no ani wɔ biribiara mu no so daa ne ho adi. . . . Na Yesu Kristo hyɛ Agya no ase.”15
Ampa, Ignatius frɛ Ɔba no “Asɛm a ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn.” Nanso asɛmfua “Onyankopɔn” a ɔde dii dwuma de gyinaa hɔ maa Ɔba no nkyerɛ ankasa sɛ ɔne Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn yɛ pɛ. Bible no frɛ Ɔba no sɛ “Onyankopɔn” wɔ Yesaia 9:6 nso. Yohane 1:18 frɛ Ɔba no ‘onyame a ɔwoo no koro.’ Esiane sɛ wɔama Ɔba no ahoɔden ne tumi a efi Agya Yehowa Nyankopɔn nkyɛn nti, wobetumi afrɛ Ɔba no ma afata sɛ ‘Otumfoɔ,’ a ɛne nea “onyame” kyerɛ ankasa.—Mateo 28:18; 1 Korintofo 8:6; Hebrifo 1:2.
Nanso, so wogye nkrataa 15 a wose Ignatius na ɔkyerɛwee no tom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware? Wɔ nhoma The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Po I no mu no, samufo Alexander Roberts ne James Donaldson ka sɛ:
“Mprempren akasatiafo nyinaa gye tom sɛ nea wose ɛyɛ Ignatius nkrataa no mu awotwe a edi kan no nyɛ nokware. Adanse wom a ɛda no adi pefee sɛ wɔkyerɛw bere foforo bi a edi akyi mu . . . na mprempren obiara pene so sɛ wɔde bɛto nkyɛn sɛ ade a ɛnyɛ nokware.”
“Nkrataa ahorow ason a Eusebius gye tom no mu no . . ., yɛwɔ Hela de abien a wɔahwehwɛ mu yiye, nea ɛyɛ tiaa ne nea ɛyɛ tenten. . . . Ɛwom sɛ nnipa pii . . . gye nea ɛyɛ tiaa no tom sen nea ɛyɛ tenten no de, nanso na nhomanimfo pii da so ara kura adwene sɛ ɛno mpo nyɛ nea wobetumi abu no sɛ wɔmfaa nneɛma bi nhyehyɛɛ mu koraa ɛ, anaasɛ akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛyɛ nokware.”16
Sɛ yegye ne nkyerɛwee no mu nea ɛyɛ tiaa no tom sɛ ɛyɛ nokware a, eyi nsɛm bi (a ɛwɔ nea ɛyɛ tenten no mu) a ɛkyerɛ sɛ Kristo hyɛ Onyankopɔn ase no fi hɔ, nanso nea ɛka wɔ nkyerɛwee a ɛyɛ tiaa no mu nkyerɛ Baasakoro ara. Na ɛmfa ho sɛ ne nkyerɛwee no mu nea ɛwɔ he na ɛyɛ nokware no, akyɛn so koraa no, nea ɛkyerɛ ara ne sɛ na Ignatius gye di sɛ Onyankopɔn ne ne Ba no yɛ baanukoro. Na eyi nyɛ baanukoro a wɔyɛ pɛ koraa, efisɛ wɔda Ɔba no adi bere nyinaa sɛ ɔba fam sen Onyankopɔn na ɔhyɛ n’ase. Enti, ɛmfa ho sɛnea obi bu Ignatius nkyerɛwee no fa no, onhu Baasakoro ɔkyerɛkyerɛ bi wom.
Polycarp
Wɔwoo Polycarp a ofi Smyrna wɔ afeha a edi kan no awiei mu na owui wɔ nea ɛto so abien no mfinimfini. Wose na onim ɔsomafo Yohane, na wɔka sɛ ɔno na ɔkyerɛw Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians no.
So na biribi wɔ Polycarp nkyerɛwee no mu a ɛbɛkyerɛ Baasakoro bi? Dabi, wɔmmɔ din koraa. Nokwarem no, nea ɔka no ne nea Yesu ne n’asuafo ne asomafo no kyerɛkyerɛe no hyia. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Polycarp kae wɔ ne Epistle no mu sɛ:
“Ɛmmra sɛ yɛn Awurade Yesu Kristo Nyankopɔn ne Agya, ne Yesu Kristo Ankasa, a ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn Ba no, . . . bɛhyɛ mo den gyidi ne nokware mu.”17
Hyɛ no nsow sɛ, te sɛ Clement no, na Polycarp nka Baasakoro “Agya” ne “Ɔba” ntam abusuabɔ a ɛyɛ nnipa a wɔyɛ pɛ a wɔwɔ nyamesu bi mu ho asɛm. Mmom no, ɔkaa Yesu “Nyankopɔn ne Agya,” ɛnyɛ ‘Yesu Agya’ kɛkɛ ho asɛm. Enti ɔde nsonsonoe bi to Onyankopɔn ne Yesu ntam, sɛnea Bible akyerɛwfo taa yɛ no ara pɛ. Paulo ka wɔ 2 Korintofo 1:3 sɛ: “Ayeyi nka yɛn Awurade Yesu Kristo Nyankopɔn ne n’Agya.” Ɔnka kɛkɛ sɛ, ‘Ayeyi nka Yesu Agya’ kɛkɛ na mmom ose, ‘Ayeyi nka Yesu Nyankopɔn ne n’Agya.’
Bio nso, Polycarp ka sɛ: “Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn ne Awurade Yesu Kristo, yɛn Agyenkwa no asomdwoe.”18 Ɛha nso, Yesu yɛ soronko wɔ Ade Nyinaa so Tumfoɔ Nyankopɔn ho, ɛnyɛ baasakoro Nyamesu a wɔyɛ pɛ bi mu biako.
Hermas and Papias
Asɔre Agya foforo bi nso ne Hermas, a ɔkyerɛw nhoma wɔ afeha a ɛto so abien no fã a edi kan mu no. Wɔ ne nhoma Shepherd, anaa Pastor, mu no, so ɔka biribi a ɛbɛma obi agye adi sɛ na ntease a ɔwɔ ne sɛ Onyankopɔn yɛ Baasakoro? Hyɛ nsɛm a ɔkae ho nhwɛso ahorow bi nsow:
“Na ɛnyɛ bere a onipa pɛ sɛ honhom no kasa no na Honhom Kronkron no kasa, na mmom ɛkasa bere a Onyankopɔn pɛ sɛ ɛkasa nkutoo. . . . Onyankopɔn na ɔyɛɛ bobeturo no, kyerɛ sɛ, Ɔno na ɔbɔɔ nnipa no, na ɔde wɔn maa Ne Ba; na Ɔba no Paw N’abɔfo wɔ wɔn so sɛ wɔnhwɛ wɔn so.”19
“Onyankopɔn Ba no anyin sen Ɔba no abɔde nyinaa.”20
Ɛha no Hermas ka sɛ Onyankopɔn (ɛnyɛ Agya no kɛkɛ) pɛ sɛ honhom no kasa a, ɛkasa, na ɛno kyerɛ sɛnea Onyankopɔn korɔn sen honhom no. Na ose Onyankopɔn de bobeturo no maa ne Ba no, de kyerɛ sɛnea Onyankopɔn korɔn sen Ɔba no. Ɔka nso sɛ Onyankopɔn Ba no anyin sen ɔno Ɔba no, abɔde, kyerɛ sɛ, wɔn a Onyankopɔn Ba no bɔɔ wɔn bere a ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn Odwumfo a Waben no, “efisɛ ɔno mu na wɔbɔɔ nneɛma nyinaa, nea ɛwɔ ɔsoro ne nea ɛwɔ asase so.” (Kolosefo 1:15, 16) Nokwasɛm no ne sɛ ɛnyɛ nea Ɔba no atra ase bere nyinaa. Wɔbɔɔ no sɛ honhom abɔde a ne dibea korɔn, ansa na wɔrebɔ honhom abɔde afoforo, te sɛ abɔfo no a wɔnam ne so bɔɔ wɔn no.
Wɔ ne nhoma Early Christian Doctrines no mu no, J. N. D. Kelly kyerɛw sɛnea na Hermas bu Onyankopɔn Ba no ho asɛm sɛ:
“Wɔ nsɛm no bi mu no, yɛkenkan ɔbɔfo bi a ɔkorɔn sen abɔfo baasia a wɔyɛ Onyankopɔn bagua titiriw no mufo no, na wɔka ne ho asɛm daa sɛ ‘nea ɔfata obu sen biara,’ ‘ne ho tew,’ na ‘ɔwɔ anuonyam’ no ho asɛm. Wɔfrɛ ɔbɔfo yi sɛ Mikael, na ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubehu sɛ na Hermas bu no sɛ ɔyɛ Onyankopɔn Ba na ɔno ara ne ɔbɔfo panyin Mikael.”
“Adanse nso wɔ hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ . . . wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛ sɛ Kristo yɛ ɔbɔfo pumpuni bi . . . Na nokwarem no, Baasakoro ɔkyerɛkyerɛ ankasa ho sɛnkyerɛnne biara nnim.” 21
Wɔka sɛ na Papias nso nim ɔsomafo Yohane. Ɛte sɛ nea ebia ɔkyerɛw nsɛm bi wɔ afeha a ɛto so abien no mu, nanso ne nkyerɛwee no asinasin bi na ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ. Ɔnka Baasakoro ɔkyerɛkyerɛ biara ho asɛm wom.
Nkyerɛkyerɛ a Ehyia
Wɔ korɔn a Onyankopɔn korɔn ne ɔne Yesu ntam abusuabɔ ho asɛm no mu no, Asɔre Agyanom no nkyerɛkyerɛ ne Yesu, asuafo no, ne asomafo no de hyia, sɛnea wɔayɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ wɔ Bible mu no. Wɔn nyinaa ka Onyankopɔn ho asɛm, ɛnyɛ sɛ Baasakoro bi, na mmom sɛ Obi a ɔyɛ soronko, ɔte hɔ daa, ɔwɔ ade nyinaa so tumi, Onim biribiara. Na wɔka Onyankopɔn Ba no ho asɛm sɛ honhom abɔde a ɔyɛ soronko, ɔba fam, ɔhyɛ Onyankopɔn ase, a Onyankopɔn bɔɔ no sɛ ɔmmɛsom No na ɔmfa nyɛ N’apɛde. Na wɔnka honhom kronkron no ho asɛm wɔ baabiara nka ho sɛ ɛne Onyankopɔn yɛ pɛ.
Enti, Kristoman Baasakoro nnyinaso biara nni saa afeha a edi kan awiei ne nea ɛto so abien no mfiase mu Asɔre Agyanom nkyerɛwee ahorow no mu. Wɔkaa Onyankopɔn, Yesu, ne honhom kronkron no ho asɛm sɛnea Bible no ka ho asɛm no ara pɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, hwɛ Asomafo no Nnwuma 7:55, 56:
“Stefano a Honhom Kronkron ahyɛ no ma no hwɛɛ ɔsoro dinn huu Onyankopɔn anuonyam, ne Yesu sɛ ogyina Onyankopɔn nsa nifa. Ɔkae sɛ, ‘mihu sɛ ɔsoro abue, na Onipa Ba no gyina Onyankopɔn nsa nifa.’”—Katolekfo Jerusalem Bible.
Stefano huu Onyankopɔn a ɔwɔ soro na Yesu gyina Ne nkyɛn ho anisoadehu bi. Na Ɔba no gyina Onii a wɔfrɛ no “Onyankopɔn,” na ɛnyɛ “Agya” ara kɛkɛ no nkyɛn, nea ɔyɛ soronko koraa wɔ Yesu ho no. Na Stefano anhu obi a ɔto so abiɛsa biara. Wɔanhu honhom kronkron no sɛ ɔka Yesu ne n’Agya ho wɔ soro.
Ɛno te sɛ Adiyisɛm 1:1 a ɛka nea edi hɔ yi ara pɛ: “Eyi ne adiyisɛm a Onyankopɔn de maa Yesu Kristo no.” (The Jerusalem Bible) Bio nso, wɔda Yesu a wɔanyan no a ɔwɔ soro no adi sɛ ɔyɛ soronko koraa wɔ Onyankopɔn ho, na wɔmmɔ honhom kronkron no din. Sɛ na Yesu ne Baasakoro bi mu nea ɔto so abien, a onim ade nyinaa a, ɛnde ɛyɛ dɛn na ‘wɔma’ no adiyisɛm?
Kyerɛw nsɛm te sɛ eyinom da no adi pefee sɛ Baasakoro biara nni hɔ. Na kyerɛwsɛm biara nka Onyankopɔn ho asɛm sɛ ɔyɛ Baasakoro wɔ Bible mũ no nyinaa mu. Asɔre Agyanom no nkyerɛwee ahorow no daa eyi adi. Nokwarem no, wɔankyerɛkyerɛ Kristoman Baasakoro no koraa.
Kristosom ho nhoma atitiriw a edi hɔ no yɛ nea ɛbae akyiri yi wɔ afeha a ɛto so abien no mu. Eyinom yɛ asɔre mu mpanyimfo binom a wɔfrɛ wɔn akyigyinafo no nkyerɛwee ahorow. So wɔkyerɛkyerɛɛ Baasakoro bi? Wɔ nsɛmma nhoma yi bi a ɛbɛba akyiri yi mu no, nsɛm a ɛtoatoa so yi Ɔfã 3 bɛka wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛ no ho asɛm.
Nhwehwɛmu nhoma ahorow:
1. The New Encyclopœdia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1985, Micropedia, Po 1, kratafa 488.
2. A Dictionary of Christian Theology, a ne samufo ne Alan Richardson, 1969, kratafa 95; The New Encyclopœdia Britannica, 15th Edition, 1985, Micropedia, Po 4, kratafa 79.
3. The Apostolic Fathers, Po 3, a Robert A. Kraft, yɛe 1965 mu, kratafa 163.
4. Ibid., nkratafa 166-7.
5. The Influence of Greek Ideas on Christianity, a Edwin Hatch, yɛe 1957 mu, kratafa 252.
6. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, a ne samufo ne Alexander Roberts ne James Donaldson, American Reprint of the Edinburgh Edition, 1885, Po I, nkratafa 5, 16, 21.
7. The Library of Christian Classics, Po 1, Early Christian Fathers, a Cyril C. Richardson kyerɛɛ ase na ɔsaa mu 1953 mu, nkratafa 70-1.
8. Ibid., kratafa 60.
9. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Po I, kratafa 52.
10. Ibid., kratafa 58.
11. Ibid., kratafa 62.
12. Ibid., kratafa 108.
13. Ibid., kratafa 116.
14. Ibid., kratafa 53.
15. The Apostolic Fathers, Po 4, a Robert M. Grant yɛe 1966 mu, kratafa 63.
16. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Po I, nkratafa 46-7; Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiaslical Literature, a John McClintock ne James Strong yɛe, Baker Book House Co. san tintimii wɔ 1981 mu, Po IV, nkratafa 490-3; The Catholic Encyclopedia, 1910, Po VII, nkratafa 644-7.
17. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Po I, kratafa 35.
18. Ibid., kratafa 33.
19. The Ante-Nicene Fathers, Po II, nkratafa 27, 35.
20. The Apostolic Fathers, (Loeb’s Classical Library) a Engiresi Nkyerɛase a Kirsopp Lake yɛe wɔ 1976 mu ka ho, kratafa 249.
21. Early Christian Doctrines, a J. N. D. Kelly yɛe, Second Edition, 1960, nkratafa 94-5.