Yɛn Asase A Asɛe Ntua No Ka Mmeae Pii

WƆ AFE a ɛtwaam June mu no, wɔyɛɛ Asase yi ho abenfo Nhyiam bi a ɛfa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho wɔ Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Saa ɔsram no ara mu no, India Today tintim samufo asɛm bi a samufo hokafo Raj Chengappa kyerɛwee ma ɛne nhyiam no asɛm no ahyia. Ná asɛmti no ne “Asase a Wɔapira No.” Nkyekyem a edi kan no kyerɛkyerɛɛ asɛm no mu pefee:

“Bere a Edgar Mitchell de Apollo 14 kɔɔ ɔsram so wɔ 1971 mu no, sɛnea ofi soro huu asase no nea edi kan no ma ɔkaa ho asɛm anigye so. Ɔnam radio so kaa nsɛm pii kɔɔ Houston wimhyɛn dwumadibea sɛ, ‘Ɛte sɛ ɔbohene bruu ne fitaa a etwa yerɛwyerɛw . . . a nkatanim fitaa kyinkyim fa ho . . . Ɛte sɛ ahene ketewa bi wɔ baabi a wonnya hɔ ahuye.’

“Mfe aduonu biako akyi no, sɛ anka wɔresan de Mitchell akɔ ahunmu, ma ɔde ahwehwɛ aniwa a ehu ade yiye a ebetumi ama wahu mframa a aniwa ntumi nhu a atwa asase no ho ahyia adi dwuma a, anka biribi a ɛyɛ soronko koraa na obehu. Anka obehu akwan akɛse a abɛdeda ozone (mframa a ɛsɔne owia no ahoɔden so) no mu wɔ Antarctica ne Kusuu Fam Amerika atifi no. Sɛ anka obehu ɔbohene bruu ne fitaa a etwa yerɛwyerɛw no, obehu asase a ani dum, ɛso ayɛ fĩ a mframa bɔne ahyɛ so ma ayɛ tumm.

“Sɛ Mitchell fa mfoninitwa afiri na otwa kwae a ɛwɔ asase yi so no mfonini na ɔde toto nea otwae wɔ’71 mu no ho a, anka sɛnea ne kɛse so asi atew no bɛyɛ no nwonwa. Na sɛ anka obue n’afiri a ɔde hwɛ akyirikyiri ade no mu ma aboa no ma wahwɛ efĩ a ɛwɔ asase so nsu mu a, anka obehu awuduru a ɛbeabea asase no so ne amã tuntum atɔwatɔw a egugu po ase pii. Anka ɔbɛsan akasa afa radio so sɛ ‘Houston, dɛn koraa na yɛayɛ?’

“Nokwarem no, ɛho nhia sɛ yɛkɔ ahunmu kilomita 36,000 ansa na yɛahu nea yɛayɛ. Ɛnnɛ, yetumi nom fĩ, home fĩ, te fi hua, na yehu fĩ. Wɔ mfe 100 mu, na ne titiriw bɛyɛ 30 a atwam yi mu no, nnipa ama asase no abɛn ɔsɛe pɛɛ. Yɛnam mframa bɔne a ɛkyere ɔhyew, a yɛpuw gu ahunmu mmoroso no so rema wim tebea mu nsakrae ahorow a ɛsɛe ade aba. Mframa horow a yɛn fridge ne air-condition de yɛ adwuma no na mprempren ɛrehi ozone a ɛbɔ yɛn ho ban no, na ama ayɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebenya honam ani akisikuru, na ɛresakra mmoa nketewa awosu. Bere koro no ara mu no, yɛasɛe asase tam kɛse, asɛe kwae wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hu so, atow awuduru nkaribo bebree agu nsubɔnten mu basabasa na yɛatow nnubɔne agu yɛn põ horow mu.

“Mprempren nea ɛreyi adesamma hu sen biara ne asase yi so nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia a wɔresɛe no no. Na ehia sɛ asase sofo nyinaa yɛ nsakrae ahorow wɔ wɔn nneyɛe ne su mu na wɔatumi asiw ɔsɛe kɛse no ano.

Bere a Raj Chengappa aka nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ho ɔhaw bebree a ɛsɛ sɛ amanaman no de wɔn adwene si so di ho dwuma ho nsɛm miako miako akyi no, ɔde nsɛm yi wie ne samufo asɛm no: “Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛyɛ eyi nyinaa a yɛntwentwɛn yɛn nan ase. Efisɛ ɛnyɛ wo mma daakye ho na aba asiane bio. Ɛyɛ mprempren. Na aba.”

Enti asase no nnuruyɛfo hyiam. Wɔyɛ nhyiam ahorow, wɔkyerɛ ɔhaw no ano aduru, nanso nnuruyɛfo no adwene ntumi nhyia. Wɔgye akyinnye. Ebinom se, ‘Asase no nyare ankasa.’ Ebinom teɛm ka sɛ, ‘Ɔda ne wu mpa so!’ Ɔkasa pii no kɔ so, wɔde ɔhaw no ano aduru ahorow pii ma, nnuruyɛfo no twentwɛn wɔn nan ase, bere a ɔyarefo no yare no mu kɔ so yɛ den. Wɔnyɛ ho hwee. Ehia sɛ wosua ho ade pii. Wɔkyerɛw nnuru a wonnya bi da. Ah, wɔyɛ saa de twentwɛn nneɛma ase na ama asase no a wɔreyɛ so fĩ no akɔ so na wɔn mfaso no adɔɔso. Ɔyarefo no nnya aduru no da, ne nyarewa no kɔ soro, na ne haw no mu yɛ den, na asase no sɛe kɔ so.

Asase no ne nkwa a ɛwɔ so no yɛ hwanyann, a wɔanwen atoatoa mu. Wɔaka abɔde a nkwa wom pii a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho bɔ abusua no ho asɛm sɛ nkwa pɔw. Twa hama no biako mu, na pɔw no befi ase asan. Di aman a aka wɔn ho abom biako so, na afoforo pii bɛhwehwe ase. Kwae nnua a wobu yɛ eyi ho nhwɛso.

Denam photosynthesis so no, kwae mu nnua twe carbon dioxide kɔ wɔn mu na woyi oxygen gu mframa mu. Ɛnom nsu a ɛtɔ bebree nanso kakraa bi pɛ na ɛde yɛ aduan. Nsu no dodow no ara na ɛsan kɔ wim sɛ huhuro. Ɛhɔ na ɛsan yɛ mununkum a ɛma nsu a ɛho hia tɔ ma kwae mu nnua ne afifide ne mmoa mpempem a wodidi ne nwini ase no.

Afei wobubu kwae mu nnua no gu. Carbon dioxide no kɔ so hata yɛn atifi te sɛ kuntu na ɛkyere owia no hyew. Oxygen kakraa bi pɛ na ɛkɔ wim ma mmoa no home. Nsu kakraa bi pɛ na ɛsan kɔ wim na ama nsu pii a yehia no atɔ. Mmom no, nsu biara a ɛtɔ no sian ntɛmntɛm kogu nsuten mu, na ɛhohoro asase ani dɔte pa a ɛho hia ma afifide atumi anyin yiye no kɔ. Ɛma nsuten ne atare mu yɛ atɛkyɛ, mpataa wuwu. Dontori twe kogu ɛpo akɛse mu na ɛkata ɛpo mu abosam so na ɛso afifide wuwu. Afifide ne mmoa mpempem pii a anka wɔwɔ ne nwini ase no yera, nsu akɛse a anka ɛtɔ gu asase so no so tew, na asase no de nkakrankakra dan anweatam. Kae sɛ bere bi no, na anka afifide wɔ Sahara Anweatam Kɛse a ɛwɔ Afrika no so pii, nanso mprempren asase so anweatam a ɛtrɛw sen biara yi retrɛw akɔ Europa mmeae bi.

Wɔ Asase ho Abenfo Nhyiam no ase no, United States ne aman afoforo a wodi yiye no de nhyɛso bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛma Brazil ne aman afoforo a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso no agyae wɔn kwae mu nnua twa. Sɛnea New York Times atesɛm bi kyerɛ no, “United States kyerɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, sɛnea wɔresɛe kwae, ne titiriw no kwae a ɛwɔ nhimahobea wɔ aman a wɔrenya nkɔso mu ntɛmntɛm no yɛ hu, na okyinsoroma mũ no nyinaa na ebehu amane. Ɛkyerɛ mu sɛ, kwae yɛ wiase yi nyinaa agyapade a ɛboa ma wim tebea kari pɛ denam twe a ɛtwe Carbon dioxide a ɛkyere ɔhyew no so na ɛyɛ wiase yi abɔde a nkwa wom no mu fã kɛse no ara atrae.”

Aman a afei na wɔrenya nkɔso no bɔɔ wɔn sobo ntɛmso sɛ wɔyɛ nyaatwomfo. Sɛnea NewYork Times kyerɛ no, “wɔn bo fuwii wɔ nea wobu no sɛ mmɔden a aman a wofi bere tenten atwa wɔn nnua de apɛ mfaso no rebɔ sɛ wɔbɛtew wɔn ahofadi so na afei de wɔpɛ sɛ mprempren wɔde asase nyinaa kwae a wɔbɛkora so no ho adesoa titiriw no to aman a wɔwɔ sikasɛm mu ahokyere mu no so.” Malaysia aban ɔnanmusifo bi kaa no pen sɛ: “Yɛrenkora yɛn kwae so mma wɔn a wɔasɛe wɔn ankasa kwae na mprempren wɔrebɔ mmɔden akyerɛ sɛ yɛn de no yɛ adesamma nyinaa agyapade no fã no.” Wɔ Northwest Pacific no, United States tete kwae a aka yɛ ɔha mu nkyem 10 pɛ, na wɔda so twa mu nnua, nanso ɛpɛ sɛ Brazil a ɛda so wɔ n’Amazon Kwae no mu ɔha mu nkyem 90 no gyae nnua biara twa wɔ ne de no mu.

Wɔn a wɔka kyerɛ afoforo sɛ, ‘Ɛnsɛ sɛ mosɛe mo kwae horow no,’ bere a wɔsɛe wɔn de no ma yɛkae wɔn a wɔaka wɔn ho asɛm wɔ Romafo 2:21-23 no ho: “Afei wo a wokyerɛkyerɛ obi no, wonkyerɛkyerɛ wo ho? Wo a woka sɛ wonnwia ade no, wuwia ade? Wo a wuse wɔnnsɛe aware no, wosɛe aware? Wo a wukyi ohoni no, wofow asɔrefi nneɛma? Wo a wohoahoa wo ho mmara mu no nam mmarato so hura Onyankopɔn anim?” Anaasɛ wɔbɛka afa nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia no ho a, yɛbɛka no sɛ, ‘wo a woka sɛ, “Monkora mo kwae horow no so no” so wutwa wo de?

Ɔhaw biako a ɛka kwae horow a wɔresɛe no ho ne asase no so hyew a ɛreyɛ no. Nnuru ne huhuro dwumadi ho nsɛm a ɛwom no yɛ hwanyann, nanso wɔde adwene asi nnuru a ɛwɔ wim no biako a ɛne carbon dioxide no so tititriw. Ɛno ne ade titiriw a ɛma asase no so yɛ hyew. Nhwehwɛmufo a wɔwɔ Byrd Polar Research Center bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ afe a etwaam no mu sɛ “mmepɔw atenten ne nea ɛnkɔ soro pii so nsukyenee renan na ɛresa​—ebinom resa ntɛmntɛm​—ne sɛ nsukyenee yi ho kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛwɔ hɔ kyerɛ sɛ mfe 50 a atwam yi mu yɛɛ hyew sen mfe 50 biara abɛsen” a wɔayɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ. Sɛ carbon dioxide a ɛwɔ hɔ sua dodo a wim bɛyɛ nwini; saa nso na ɛdɔɔso dodo a ɛno nso bɛma nsukyenee ne nsukyerɛmma a ɛwowɔ yɛn asase yi atifi ne n’anafo no anan na nsu ayiri afa ɛpo ano nkurow.

Ɛdefa carbon dioxide ho no India Today kae sɛ:

“Ebetumi ayɛ mframa horow a ɛwɔ wim no mu fã ketewaa bi pɛ: Nea ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa no muɔha mu nkyekyɛm 0.03 ara pɛ. Nanso sɛ carbon dioxide nni hɔ a, anka yɛn okyinsoroma yi so bɛyɛ nwini te sɛ ɔsram no so. Ɛdenam ɔhyew a etu fi asase no so a ɛkyere so no, ɛma asase no so ɔhyew yɛ nea ɛfata ma nkwa a ɛne 15 degrees celsius. Nanso sɛ ne dodow kɔ soro a, asase yi bɛdan beae bi a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse.

“Sɛ yebetumi de yɛn ho ato mmeae a wɔhwɛ wim tebea ho amanneɛbɔ ahorow so a, ɛnde na ɔhyew a ɛrekɔ soro nti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho biribi ntɛm. Fi bere a wofii ase yɛɛ wim nsakrae ho kyerɛwtohɔ bɛyɛ mfe 150 a atwam ni no, wɔyɛɛ kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛfa ahohuro bere a emu ɛyɛ hyew sen biara ason no mu asia ho kyerɛwtohɔ wɔ’80 mfe no mu. Ɛda adi yiye sɛ nea ɛde eyi bae ne: carbon dioxide a akɔ soro wɔ wim ɔha mu nkyem 26 akyɛn sɛnea na ɛte ansa na mfiridwuma refi ase no.”

Wosusuw sɛ nea ɛde eyi aba ne carbon dioxide tɔn ɔpepepem 1.8 a wopuw kɔ wim afe biara no esiane gya horow a wɔhyew nti. Anidaso a na ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wɔbɛyɛ apam ma wɔde abrɛ carbon dioxide a wopuw kɔ wim no dodow ase no yɛ nea wɔbrɛɛ no ase wɔ Asase ho Abenfo Nhyiam a wɔyɛɛ no nnansa yi ara no ase araa ma wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɛmaa wim nsɛm ho abenfo a na wɔwɔ hɔ no “bo fuwii.” Wɔn mu biako bo fuwii araa ma ɔkae sɛ: “Yɛrentumi nkɔ so nyɛ yɛn ade te sɛ nea biribiara nsii. Ɛyɛ nokwasɛm a akyinnye biara nni ho koraa sɛ mframa horow a ɛwɔ asase yi so no nkari pɛ bio. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho biribi anyɛ saa a, ɛrenkyɛ biara na yɛanya aguanfo a nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia apam wɔn afi wɔn trabea.” Na ɔreka wɔn a wobeguan afi wɔn nsase a nsu ayiri afa no ho asɛm.

Ɔsɛmpɔw foforo a ɛho hia yiye no fa nea wɔse ɛyɛ ɔkwan a abɛdeda ozone a ɛbɔ asase no ho ban fi owia no mu ahoɔden a ɛde akisikuru ba no ho no. Nea ɛde eyi ba titiriw ne CFC (chlorofluorocarbons) . Wɔde di dwuma wɔ fridge ne air-conditioning, ne nnuru a wɔde hohoro fĩ, na wɔde di dwuma wɔ plastic foam yɛ mu. Wɔda so puw saa mframa bɔne yi gu wim wɔ aman bebree mu denam nnuru a wɔde kum nkoekoemmoa no so. Sɛ edu wim a, owia no mu ahoɔden no yi chlorine a ɛwom a emu ketewaa biako biara betumi asɛe ozone no fa nketenkete 100,000. Ɛde ntokuru, mmeae horow a ozone a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɔɔso koraa ba ozone no mu, wɔ Antarctica ne Atifi fam mmeae, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ owia no ahoɔden pii du asase no so.

Saa owia no ahoɔden yi kum afifide ne mmoawammoawa a wɔne po mu nnuan a ɛba fam sen biara. Ɛde sintɔ ahorow ba abɔde a nkwa wom awosu mmra mu. Ɛka afifide horow. Owia ahoɔden no ma ɛtɛ a esiw nnipa ani so ne honam ani akisikuru ba. Bere a NASA nhwehwɛmufo huu chloride monoxide kɛse wɔ United States, Canada, Europa ne Russia atifi nsase so no, nhwehwɛmufo biako kae sɛ: “Ɛsɛ sɛ eyi haw obiara. Enye koraa sen sɛnea yesusuwii.” Worldwatch Institute titrani, Lester Brown bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ: “Nyansahufo bu akontaa sɛ ozone a ɛrehi ntɛmntɛm wɔ asase no atifi fam no bɛma honam ani akisikuru akum nnipa afoforo 200,000 wɔ United States nkutoo wɔ mfe 50 a edi hɔ no mu. Wiase nyinaa no, nnipa ɔpepem pii nkwa da asiane mu.”

Nea wɔfrɛ no Biodiversity, a ɛne kora a wɔbɛkora afifide ne mmoa horow bebree so ma wɔakɔ so atra ase wɔ wɔn atrae ankasa, nso yɛ ɔhaw foforo a ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren Discovernsɛmma nhoma faa abɔde a nkwa wom ho ɔdenimfo Edward O. Wilson nhoma a ɔkyerɛwee nnansa yi ara, The Diversity of Life mu nsɛm bi, a emu na ɔkyerɛɛ nnomaa, mpataa, ne nkoekoemmoa ne afoforo a wɔtaa bu wɔn sɛ wɔn ho nhia biara no a wɔn ase rehyew asɛm kae sɛ: “Mmoawa a wɔn ase ahyew no mu bebree yɛ asasehono, a ɛboa ma afifide ntini tumi twetwe aduannuru. Abɔde a nkwa wom ne wɔn atrae ho adenimfo fi bere tenten asusuw nea ɛbɛba asase no so ho, sɛ ɛba sɛ woyi saa asasehono yi fi hɔ a, na ɛrenkyɛ biara yebehu nea ebesi.”

Wɔ saa nhoma no mu no, Wilson bisae na afei obuaa asemmisa yi a ɛfa sɛnea ɛho hia sɛ yɛkora abɔde ahorow yi so ho no nso:

“Nsakrae bɛn na ɛbɛba sɛ wɔtɔre mmoawa neafifide bi ase, na sɛ ɛba sɛ Asase so abɔde nyinaa mu fã mpo ase hyew a? Ma menkyerɛ wo nea ɛbɛba. Akwan foforo a wɔnam so hu nyansahu mu nsɛm bɛyera. Abɔde a nkwa wom ho nsɛm a wobetumi anya mu mfaso kɛse bɛsɛe. Nnuru a wonnya nyɛe, nnɔbae, nnuruyɛ, nnua, nneɛma a wɔde nnua yɛ, nnua a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne afifide a ɛyɛ asase foforo, ne pɛtrol nsiananmu, ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔyɛ ne nneɛma pii a mfaso wɔ so yɛ nea wɔrenhu da. Nnipa bi taa bu wɔn ani gu nneɛma nketenkete ne wura so sɛ ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛho nhia wɔ mmeae bi, na wɔn werɛ fi sɛ nwewee a wommu no a efi Latin Amerika na ɛgyee Australia asase pa no fii akraate a efuw hɔ mmoroso no mu, ne sɛ rosy periwinkle afifide no na ɛma wonyaa Hodgkin yare no ne mmofrabere mu asensen yare ano aduru, ne sɛ Pacific dua yew abona na ɛma wɔn a wɔyare akisikuru a ɛka mmea mmadwoa kotoku ne wɔn nufu no nya anidaso, na aduru a efi amemem ntasu mu na ɛnan mogya a ɛbobɔ atɔw mu bere wɔreyɛ oprehyɛn, ne nea ɛkeka ho a adɔɔso dedaw ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛho nhwehwɛmu a wɔayɛ nnɔɔso.

“Awerɛfiri nti ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ yebebu yɛn ani agu nnwuma a nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia di ma adesamma no so. Wɔma asase no nya ahoɔden na wɔma yɛn mframa a yɛhome yi. Sɛ saa nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so yi nni hɔ a, adesamma asetra a aka wɔ asase yi so no bɛyɛ tan ne tiawa.”

Nea wɔadi kan aka ho asɛm yi yɛ ɔhaw no fã ketewaa bi pɛ. Bere bɛn na asase no sɛe no bɛba awiei? Na hena na ɔbɛma aba awiei? Asɛm a edi so no ma ho mmuae.

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 4]

Bere bi na afifide wɔ Afrika Sahara Ahweatam kɛse no so

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 5]

‘So wo a woreka sɛ “Monkora mo kwae so” no, wutwa wo de?’

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 5]

Carbon dioxide sua koraa a​—wim bɛyɛ nwini

Ɛdɔɔso pii a​—asukyenee nan

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 6]

“Nsakrae bɛn na ɛbɛba sɛ wɔtɔre mmoawa ne afifide bi ase a?”

[Asɛm a wɔafa aka wɔ kratafa 6]

Sɛ nneɛma a nkwa wom nketenkete no nni hɔ a, adesamma asetra bɛyɛ tiawa ne tan

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 7]

Amazon kwae, a ɛwɔ n’ahoɔfɛ a wɔnsɛe no mu

Kwae horow pii, bere a nnipa asɛe no akyi

[Asɛm Fibea]

Abril Imagens/João Ramid

F4/R. Azoury/Sipa

[Mfonini wɔ kratafa 8]

Awuduru a wɔtow gu ma ɛsɛe mframa, nsu, no asase

[Asɛm Fibea]

Feig/Sipa