Kar Ahorow, Tete ne Nnɛ — Ɔwɛn-Aban INTANƐT SO NHOMAKORABEA

Kar Ahorow, Tete ne Nnɛ

ONIPA ani agye akwantu nhyehyɛe ho fi tete. Mfitiase no, na ɔtra mmoa so na etu kwan kɔ mmeaemmeae. Nanso ɛho behiae sɛ wonya akwan a etu mpɔn a wɔbɛfa so atu kwan. Biribi titiriw a afei wɔde dii dwuma ne ntwahonan a na wɔde sã apɔnkɔ-nteaseɛnam so no. Nanso, afeha a ɛto so 19 no mu nimdeɛ foforo a wɔde dii dwuma no maa akwantu nhyehyɛe a na wɔde di dwuma bere a atwam no sakrae koraa.

Engine Ahorow a Wɔayɛ no Yiye

Wɔ afeha 19 no fã a ɛto so abien mu no, Germanni bi a wɔfrɛ no Nikolaus August Otto yɛɛ engine bi a wɔde pɛtro gu mu, na awiei koraa no ɛno besii engine ahorow a na ɛde huruhurow ne anyinam ahoɔden na ɛyɛ adwuma no ananmu. Carl Benz ne Gottlieb Daimler a wofi Germany ne nnipa atitiriw a wodii kan yɛɛ kar wɔ Europa. Wɔ 1885 mu no, Benz yɛɛ kar bi a na ne tae yɛ abiɛsa a engine a ne cylinder yɛ biako a etumi twa ne ho hyia mpɛn 250 wɔ simma biako mu si mu. Efi 1872 reba no na Daimler yɛ engine a esi faako a ɛde pɛtro na ɛyɛ adwuma. Bɛboro mfe du akyi no, ɔne Wilhelm Maybach kaa wɔn ti pam ho yɛɛ engine a etumi tu mmirika paa a esiane sɛ na carburetor si so nti, na wotumi de pɛtro gu mu no.

Ankyɛ na Daimler ne Maybach yɛɛ engine bi a na etumi twa ne ho hyia mpɛn 900 wɔ simma biako mu. Akyiri yi, wɔyɛɛ engine a ɛto so abien, a wɔde sii sakre so ma etumi kɔe bere a edi kan wɔ November 10, 1885 mu. Wɔ 1926 mu no Daimler ne Benz kaa wɔn nnwumakuw no boom, na edin a na ɛda aguade a wɔyɛ tɔn so ne Mercedes-Benz.a Nea ɛyɛ nwonwa ne sɛ saa mmarima baanu yi anhyia da.

Wɔ 1890 mu no, Fransefo baanu—Emile Levassor ne René Panhard—yɛɛ kar a ne tae yɛ anan a moto bɔ nnade a kar no ahoɔden gyina so no mfinimfini. Afe a edi hɔ no wɔde moto no bɔɔ kar no anim, baabi a eye a mfutuma ne atɛkyɛ a ɛwɔ mfutukwan so ntumi nkɔ ho.

Kar a Wɔyɛ Ma no Bu So

Ná kar a wodii kan yeyɛe no bo yɛ den, enti na nnipa pii ntumi ntɔ. Nanso nneɛma sakrae wɔ 1908 mu, bere a Henry Ford buee adwumakuw a wɔhyehyɛ kar a wɔfrɛ no Model T, a akyiri yi wɔbɛfrɛɛ no lizzie no. Saa kar yi bɛdanee nnwumakuw a wɔyɛ kar no ani koraa. Ná ne bo nyɛ den, wotumi de yɛ nnwuma pii, na ne siesie nso nyɛ den. Ná wɔn a wɔn akatua sua mpo tumi tɔ bi.b Sɛnea Great Cars of the 20th Century nhoma no kyerɛ no, Model T “maa Amerikafo—ne wiase no nyinaa—nyaa kar traa mu.”

Seesei, bɛyɛ mfirihyia ɔha akyi ni no, nnipa pii bu kar sɛ ahiade na ɛnyɛ afɛfɛde. Nokwarem no, nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe a wotintimii wɔ London atesɛm krataa Independent mu kyerɛ sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a nkurɔfo tra kar mu kɔ baabi a ennu kilomita biako.

Ɛnyɛ mmirika tɛntɛ nko na mfiridwuma mu nkɔso ama kar tumi tu na mmom ahobammɔ kɛse a wobenya wɔ kar mu tra mu nso. Nokwarem no, wɔ mfe kakra a abɛsen mu no, kar akwanhyia a ɛyɛ hu so atew wɔ aman pii so. Wɔ ebinom fam no, ahobammɔ ho hia wɔn kɛse paa sen kar no fɛ. Sɛ nhwɛso no, kar mu ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe bi a wɔayɛ no yiye no boa ma sɛ kar no pem anaa ɛhwe ase a, chassis no afã bi dwudwo sɛnea anka ɛbɛka nnipa a wɔte mu no ano, na ɛmma kar no mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ den paa a ɛbɛn ofirikafo no ne nnipa a wɔte mu no nka nipadua no. Breki nhyehyɛe bi a ɛmma kar no tae nkye prɛko pɛ bere a wɔatia so mpofirim no boa ma wotumi kyinkyim kar no yiye wɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ toro no. Kar mu bɛlt no bɔ nea ɔreka no koko ne ne dwonku nso ho ban, na saa ara na mframa kotoku a ɛwɔ kar no mu no tumi bɔ nea ɔreka no ti ho ban na sɛ kar no pem a ne ti ampem stia anaa dashboard no.c

Ɛwom, biribiara nni hɔ a wobetumi de asi karka a wɔyɛ ahwɛ yiye wom ananmu. Mexico City atesɛm krataa El Economista ka sɛ: “Sɛ ɔkwan a yɛfa so ka kar nyɛ papa a, hwee nni hɔ a ebetumi ama kar ayɛ nea ahobammɔ wom; ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛsen biara a nkɔanim a wɔanya wɔ mfiridwuma ho nimdeɛ mu de ba mpo ntumi mmɔ yɛn ho ban sɛ yebu abɔde mu mmara so a.”

Kar a aba nnɛ no bi ayɛ sɛ afie a wɔde tae ahyehyɛ ase. Wɔ pii mu no wubehu faako a wɔbɔ nnwom, television, telefon, ne biribi a wɔde dwudwo dede ano, ne nea sɛ wopɛ sɛ kar no mu yɛ hyew anaasɛ emu yɛ nwunu a wokyim wɔ kar no anim ne akyi. Kar ahorow bi nso wɔ hɔ a afiri a ɛboa ma obi hu asase yi fã baabi a ɔwɔ wom, na ɛboa afirikafo ma wohu ɔkwan a eye a sɛ wɔfa so a wobedu baabi a wɔrekɔ no. Nhyehyɛe no bi boa ma wohu ɔhaw horow a ɛwɔ kar kwan a wɔnam so no so. Nokwarem no, kar a aba so foforo koraa a obi benya bi no abɛyɛ nea nnipa pii gyina so de kyerɛ sɛ wodi yiye—biribi a wɔn a wɔyɛ kar ahu na wɔde redi dwuma kɛse.

Sɛnea yɛahu no, bɛboro mfe ɔha a atwam ni a wofii ase yɛɛ kar no, wɔanya nkɔanim pii. Sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ ahwɛyiye mu a, ebetumi ayɛ adwinnade a mfaso wɔ so ma aguadi anaasɛ biribi a ɛma akwantu yɛ anigye.

[Ase hɔ nsɛm]

a Emil Jellinek, a ɔde ne sika hyɛɛ Daimler adwuma no mu kɛse paa no, hyɛɛ nyansa sɛ wɔmfa ne babea Mercedes din nto kar foforo a wɔayɛ no so. Na osuro sɛ, sɛ wɔde German din Daimler to kar no so a nnipa a wɔwɔ France no pii rentɔ kar no.

b Mfitiase no na wɔtɔ Model T $850, nanso eduu 1924 no na wotumi de sika a ɛba fam bɛyɛ $260 tɔ Ford kar mono. Wɔkɔɔ so yɛɛ Model T kar no mfe 19, a dodow a wɔyɛe saa bere no boro ɔpepem 15.

c Mframa nkotoku betumi ayɛ asiane ama mmofra ne wɔn a wonnyinii pii no titiriw, sɛ ɛno nkutoo ne ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ kar mu a.

[Nsɛm a wɔahyehyɛ/Mfonini wɔ kratafa 22-25]

Mfe a wɔakyerɛ no ne mfe dodow a wɔde ayɛ kar

1885 Benz Motor Car

Kar a wodii kan yɛe wɔ wiase nyinaa

1907-25 Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost

Etu mmirika, ɛwɔ ahoɔden, ɛkɔ dinn, ɛyɛ fɛ, na ennyaw wo wɔ kwan mu

1908-27 Ford Model T

Ɛmaa wɔyɛɛ kaa pii; wɔtɔnee kar bɛboro 15,000,000

Akyiri hwɛbea: Baabi a wɔyɛ Ford ho nneɛma ansa na wɔahyehyɛ

1930-7 Cadillac V16 7.4-L

Kar a nea ɛma engine no ahoɔden yɛ 16 a wodii kan yɛe wɔ wiase

1939–nnɛyi Volkswagen Beetle (Tɛfrɛ Kar)

Wɔyɛɛ bɛboro 20,000,000. Woyii Tɛfrɛ kar foforo (a ɛwɔ benkum so wɔ fam) no adi wɔ 1998 mu

1941–nnɛyi Jeep

Ebetumi ayɛ kar a wonim no yiye sen biara wɔ wiase

1948-65 Porsche 356

Ɛte sɛ Volkswagen Beetle (Tɛfrɛ Kar); ɛno na ɛmaa Porsche fii ase dii yiye

1952-7 Mercedes-Benz 300SL

Wɔtoo no din, Gullwing, ɛno ne kar a edi kan a na caburator nsi so a wɔde nnade a ɛyɛ den dii afra yɛe

1955-68 Citroën DS 19

Stia, breki, nea wɔde sakra kar no mmirika mu mpɛn anan, ne nea sɛ kar no tɔ amena mu a ɛmma wonte no de fango na na ɛyɛ adwuma

1959-nnɛyi Mini

Ná saa kar foforo a egyee din yi ye ma kar mmirikatu akansi nso

1962-4 Ferrari 250 GTO

Kar a ne ho yɛ den a wɔde di dwuma wɔ kar mmirikatu akansi mu a na ne mmirikatu ahoɔden yɛ 300-V-12

1970-3 Datsun 240Z

Ɛyɛ agumadi kar a ɛwɔ ahoɔden a ne bo nyɛ den

1970-nnɛyi Range Rover

Wobu no sɛ ɛno ne kar a ɛnka atɛkyɛ mu ne nea eye sen biara a wotumi de fa akwan a eye ne nea enye nyinaa so

1984-nnɛyi Chrysler Minivan

Ɛboa ma wofii ase yɛɛ kar nketewa

Thrust SSC

Ɛnam Black Rock, Nevada, U.S.A., anhweatam so wɔ October 15, 1997 mu, ɛde dɔnhwerew biako twaa kilomita 1228 (akwansin 763.035).

[Nsɛm Fibea]

Benz-Motorcar: DaimlerChrysler Classic; background: Brown Brothers; Model T: Courtesy of VIP Classics; Rolls-Royce: Photo courtesy of Rolls-Royce & Bentley Motor Cars

Jeep: Courtesy of DaimlerChrysler Corporation; black Beetle: Courtesy Vintage Motors of Sarasota; yellow Beetle: VW Volkswagen AG

Chrysler Minivan: Courtesy of DaimlerChrysler Corporation; Datsun: Nissan North America; Thrust SSC: AP Photo/Dusan Vranic