Fango—Sɛnea Ɛka Wo
SO WOASUSUW sɛnea sɛ fango ne nneɛma a yenya fi mu no nni hɔ a anka nnipa dodow no ara asetra bɛyɛ no ho pɛn?a Wɔde ngo a wonya fi fango mu no gugu kar, baesekre, akentengua a wopia ne nneɛma afoforo a ɛwɔ afã a etwa ne ho mu. Ngo a wɔde gugu mfiri mu no ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobekyinkyim mfiri afã horow no, ma enti ɛnsɛe ntɛm. Nanso ɛnyɛ dwuma a wɔde fango di ara ni.
Wɔde fango mu nneɛma bi gu wimhyɛn, kar ne mfiri a ɛma ade yɛ hyew mu. Nneɛma a wɔde siesie honam ani, ne nea wɔde yɛ mfoninnuru, adubiri, nnuru, ɔyɛ-asase-yiye, rɔba ne nneɛma afoforo pii wɔ hɔ a fango ho nneɛma wom. Sɛ fango nni hɔ a anka ɛbɛsono nnipa pii asetra koraa. Sɛnea nhoma bi kyerɛ no, ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ wɔde fango ne nneɛma ahorow a wonya fi mu no “di dwuma ahorow pii sen biribi foforo biara wɔ wiase.” Ɔkwan bɛn so na yenya fango? Ɛhe na efi ba? Bere tenten bɛn ni a adesamma de fango adi dwuma?
Bible ka kyerɛ yɛn sɛ bɛboro mfirihyia mpem abien ansa na Kristo reba no, Noa dii ɔsoro akwankyerɛ akyi yɛɛ adaka kɛse bi, na ɔde mannɔ—ade a ebetumi afi fango mu—kãã adaka no mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a nsu nkɔ mu. (Genesis 6:14) Ná Babilonfo de nneɛma a efi fango mu di dwuma de tõ wɔn ntayaa, ná Misrifo de hyɛ funu, na nnipa afoforo a wɔtraa ase tete no de yɛɛ nnuru.
Hena na na osusuw sɛ fango bɛba abɛyɛ ade titiriw wɔ wiase nnɛ? Obiara ntumi nnye kyim sɛ nnɛyi mfiridwuma pii nkɔso gyina fango so.
Ɔkwan bi so no, fango mu ade a wɔde sɔ kanea a nnipa ayɛ no na ɛma egyee din kɛse. Wɔ afeha a ɛto so 15 mu tɔnn na na nnipa a wɔwɔ Baku, nnɛyi Azerbaijan kuropɔn mu no de ngo a wotu no asase ani no bi gu wɔn akanea mu. Wɔ 1650 mu no, wotutuu fango amoa a na emu nnɔ wɔ Romania, beae a na wɔde krasin sɔ kanea no. Eduu afeha a ɛto so 19 mfinimfini no, na Romania ne aman afoforo a ɛwɔ Europa Apuei fam no wɔ fango dwumadibea a na ɛrenya nkɔso.
Wɔ United States no, kanea papa a na ɔmanfo hwehwɛ wɔ 1800 mfe mu hɔ na ɛmaa mmarima kuw bi dan wɔn adwene kɔɔ fango so. Mmarima yi ka ma ɛfatae sɛ, nea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔanya krasin a ɛdɔɔso ma wɔde akɔ gua so no, na ɛsɛ sɛ wotu fango. Enti wɔ 1859 mu no, wotumi tuu fango fii asase ase wɔ Pennsylvania. Ɛno na ɛma wofii ase hwehwɛɛ fango anibere so no. Dɛn na edii akyi bae?
[Ase hɔ asɛm]
a Engiresi asɛmfua petroleum a wɔkyerɛ ase fango no fi Latin mu, na ɛkyerɛ “ɔbotan mu ngo.” Wɔtaa de gyina hɔ ma nneɛma abien a edi nsɛ paa—gas a wɔsan frɛ no methane, ne fango mu ngo. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a nneɛma abien yi nyinaa fa ntokuru nketenkete a ɛwɔ asase ase no mu ba asase ani. Fango mu nneɛma bi betumi ayɛ nsunsu anaa ayɛ sɛ asphalt, ama anaa mannɔ.
[Adaka wɔ kratafa 3]
FANGO—ƐYƐ DƐN?
Wɔkyerɛ fango ase sɛ “hydrocarbon (nnua ne nsu mu mframa) a ani hwɛbea yɛ akokɔsrade anaa tuntum a etumi dan nsunsu, mframa, anaa ade a ɛyɛ den wɔ asase ase.” Wotumi “yiyi fango mu nya nneɛma horow te sɛ gas, pɛtro, naphtha, krasin, nneɛma a wɔde sɔ gya, nea wɔde gugu mfiri mu, asphalt ne ade fi mu, na wɔde yɛ nneɛma afoforo pii nso.”—The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language.