Ko Te Tohi-Tapu ʼi He Tohi Pe e Tahi

MOʼO fai he ʼu hiki ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe lahi te fakaʼaogaʼi e te ʼu ʼuluaki Kilisitiano te codex—ko he tohi (mo ʼona ʼu pasina) kae ʼe mole ko he takaiga tohi. Kae neʼe mole kamata fai atu aipe e te kau Kilisitiano he tohi e tahi ʼe maʼu fuli ai te ʼu tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe fai ʼi te ono sēkulō e Flavius Cassiodore, te fakatuʼutuʼu maʼuhiga, ʼo tupu ai te tā fakalahi ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼi he tohi pe e tahi.

Neʼe lagi tupu ia Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodore ʼi te vaha ʼo te ʼu taʼu 485 ki te 490 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe haʼu mai te famili koloaʼia ʼi Calabre, ʼi te potu saute ʼo te koga meʼa ʼo Italia. Neʼe maʼuli ʼi te temi maveuveu ʼo te hisitolia ʼo Italia, ʼi te temi neʼe nofoʼi ʼuluaki ai te potu fenua ʼaia e te kau Goths pea ki muli age e te kau Byzantins. ʼI te temi ʼaē neʼe teitei taʼu 60 ai peʼe 70, neʼe fakatuʼu e Cassiodore te monasetelio ʼo Vivarium ʼaē neʼe tuʼu ōvi ki tona ʼapi ʼi Squillace, ʼi Calabre.

Ko He Tagata Tā Tohi-Tapu Loto Tokaga

ʼI te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoha tāfito kiai ia Cassiodore, neʼe kau ai te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. ʼE tohi fēnei e te tagata fai hisitolia ko Peter Brown, “maʼa Cassiodore, neʼe tonu ke tānaki fuli te ʼu tohi faka Latina ki te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Ko te ʼu tohi fuli pea mo te ʼu koga tohi neʼe hiki, neʼe tonu ke fakaʼaogaʼi ki te fakamahino pea mo te toe hiki fakapotopoto ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Neʼe tonu ia ki te ʼu faʼahiga meʼa fuli ʼo te maʼuli faka Latina ke fakaʼaogaʼi ki te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua.”

Neʼe fakatahiʼi e Cassiodore te kau fai fakaliliu tohi pea mo te kau faʼufaʼu ʼo te lea ki te monasetelio ʼo Vivarium ke fakatahiʼi te Tohi-Tapu katoa, pea neʼe ina takitaki tonu te gāue faigataʼa ʼaia ʼo te tā tohi. Neʼe ina foaki te gāue ki he kau tagata popoto ʼe tokosiʼi. Neʼe mole tonu ke nātou fai fakavilivili he ʼu fetogi ʼo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe ʼui ʼe ko te ʼu hala ʼa te kau tagata hiki tohi. Kapau neʼe ʼi ai he fehuʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼu ʼo te palalau, pea neʼe tonu muʼa ke vakaʼi te ʼu Tohi-Tapu ʼāfea ʼaē neʼe hiki nima ka mole fakaʼaogaʼi te faka Latina ʼaē neʼe kua mafola. Neʼe fakatotonu fēnei e Cassiodore: “Ko te ʼu agaaga kehe ʼo te faʼu ʼo te lea, ʼe tonu ke taupau, koteʼuhi ko te koga tohi ʼaē ʼe ʼiloʼi ʼe haʼu mai te ʼAtua, ʼe mole feala ia ke ʼui ʼe heʼemaʼa. ʼE tonu ke taupau te ʼu faʼahiga faʼu ʼo te lea ʼi te Tohi-Tapu, te ʼu lea fakatātā, mo te ʼu faʼahiga palalau, tatau aipe peʼe mata faikehe ki te lea faka Latina, ʼo toe feiā aipe ki te ʼu higoa faka Hepeleo.”—The Cambridge History of the Bible.

Ko Te Codex Grandior

Neʼe fakatotonu ki te kau hiki tohi ʼi te monasetelio ʼo Vivarium, ke nātou fai he ʼu tohi kehekehe e tolu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te faka Latina. Ko te tahi tohi ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaia, ko ʼona koga e hiva, neʼe lagi maʼu ai te tohi faka Latina ʼāfea, ko he faʼahiga fakaliliu neʼe hā ʼi te fakaʼosi ʼo te lua sēkulō. Ko te lua tohi neʼe maʼu ai te Vulgate faka Latina, ʼaē neʼe lagi fakakatoa e Jérôme ʼi te nima sēkulō. Ko te tolu tohi, te Codex Grandior, ko tona faka ʼuhiga “ko he tohi laulahi ʼaupito,” neʼe toʼo mai tona ʼu koga mai te ʼu Tohi-Tapu e tolu. Ko te ʼu tohi fakaʼosi e lua neʼe fakatahiʼi fuli ai te ʼu tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ko he tohi pe tahi.

ʼE ʼiloga ia neʼe ko Cassiodore ʼaē neʼe ina ʼuluaki tā te ʼu Tohi-Tapu faka Latina ko he foʼi tohi pe e tahi, ʼo ina fakahigoaʼi ko te pandectae.a Neʼe lagi sio ki te faigafua ʼo te fakatahiʼi ʼo te ʼu tohi fuli ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ko he foʼi tohi pe e tahi, heʼe mole kei kita puli temi ʼi te vakaʼi ʼo he ʼu tuʼuga tohi.

Mai Te Potu Saute ʼo Italia Ki Te ʼu Motu ʼo Pilitania

Mole faʼa fualoa ki te ʼosi mate ʼa Cassiodore (lagi ʼi te taʼu 583 ʼo totatou temi), neʼe kamata te feʼāveʼaki ʼo te Codex Grandior. ʼI te temi ʼaia, ʼe lau ko te tānakiʼaga tohi ʼo Vivarium neʼe hiki ki te Tānakiʼaga Tohi ʼo Latran ʼi Loma. ʼI te 678 ʼo totatou temi, ʼi temi ʼaē neʼe liliu ai ki Pilitania ʼi tana ʼosi nofo ʼi Loma neʼe ʼave ai e te patele ko Ceolfrith te tohi maʼuhiga ʼaia. Neʼe kau ai leva te codex ki te tofiʼa maʼuhiga ʼo te ʼu monasetelio e lua ʼo Wearmouth pea mo Jarrow, ʼaē neʼe takitaki e Ceolfrith, ʼaē ʼe higoa ʼi te temi nei ko Northumbrie, ʼi Pilitania.

Neʼe lagi leleiʼia e Ceolfrith pea mo tana ʼu monike, te Tohi-Tapu ʼa Cassiodore ʼaē neʼe ko te foʼi tohi e tahi, lagi ʼuhi ko te faigafua ʼo tona fakaʼaogaʼi. Koia, ʼi te ʼu taʼu e hogofulu, neʼe nātou tā te tahi ʼu Tohi-Tapu katoa e tolu ko he ʼu foʼi tohi e tahi. ʼI te ʼu hiki ʼaia ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼe kei maʼu ʼi te temi nei, ʼe kei toe pe te foʼi tohi lahi ʼe higoa ko te Codex Amiatinus. Ko ʼona pasina e 2 060 neʼe ko te kili ʼo te ʼu ʼuhiʼi pipi, ʼe satimeta 51 tonatou loa, pea 33 satimeta tonatou laulahi. Fakatahiʼi mo tona takafi, ko te mātolu ʼo te tohi ʼe ko satimeta e 25 pea e 34 kilo tona mamafa. Ko te Tohi-Tapu faka Latina katoa ʼaia ʼe ʼāfea ʼaupito ʼe kei maʼu ʼi te temi nei. Neʼe maʼu te codex ʼi te 1887, e te tagata sivi Tohi-Tapu maʼuhiga ʼo te 19 sēkulō ko Fenton J. A. Hort. Neʼe fakamatala fēnei e Hort: “Māʼia mo te tagata ʼo te temi nei ʼaē ʼe sio kiai, ʼe fakaofoofo ʼaupito te koloā maʼuhiga ʼaia heʼe neʼe hiki nima te tohi ʼaia.”

Ko He Toe Liliu Ki Italia

Ko te ʼuluaki Codex Grandior ʼaē neʼe gāue kiai ia Cassiodore kua puli ʼi te temi nei. Kae ko tona faʼu faka Pilitania, te Codex Amiatinus, neʼe fakatuʼutuʼu ke toe liufaki ki Italia ʼi tona ʼosi fakakatoa. ʼI muʼa ʼo tona mate, neʼe fakatotonu e Ceolfrith ke toe fakaliliu ki Loma. Neʼe ina toʼo ai te tahi ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu e tolu ʼaē neʼe hiki nima ki te faka Latina, ko he meʼa ʼofa maʼa te Tuʼi Tapu ko Grégoire 2. Neʼe mate ia Ceolfrith lolotoga tana folau, ʼi te taʼu 716 ʼo totatou temi, ʼi Langres, ʼi Falani. Kae neʼe hoko atu pe te fakakaku ʼo tana Tohi-Tapu mo te hahaʼi folau. Neʼe ʼave te codex ki te tukuʼaga tohi ʼo te monasetelio ʼi te Moʼuga ʼo Amiata, ʼi te foʼi loto Italia, ʼaē neʼe fakahigoa ai ko te Codex Amiatinus. ʼI te 1782, neʼe toʼo te tohi ʼaia ʼo ʼave ki te Tukuʼaga Tohi ʼo Medicean-Laurentian ʼi Florence, ʼi Italia, pea kua kau ʼi te koloā maʼuhiga ʼo te tukuʼaga tohi ʼaia.

Koteā te pikipikiga ʼo te Codex Grandior mo tatou? Talu mai te temi ʼo Cassiodore, neʼe faigaʼi e te kau hiki tohi mo te kau tā tohi ke lelei age te fai ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu, ko he tohi pe e tahi. ʼI te temi nei, kua faigafua ki te hahaʼi hanatou vakaʼi te Tohi-Tapu pea mo maʼu maʼa nātou totonu, te ʼu fua lelei ʼo tona mālohi.—Hepeleo 4:12.

[Kiʼi nota]

[Mape ʼo te pasina 29]

(Vakaʼi te nusipepa)

Feʼāveʼaki ʼo te Codex Grandior

Monastère de Vivarium

Rome

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Feʼāveʼaki ʼo te Codex Amiatinus

Jarrow

Wearmouth

Mt Amiata

Florence

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 30]

ʼOluga: ‘Codex’ Amiatinus Faʼahi hema: Paki ʼo Esitalasi ʼi te ‘Codex’ Amiatinus

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Firenze