Ko Te Motele Hiki Faka Tohi-Tapu Faka Hepeleo ʼAē Neʼe Fai Nima

IA MUʼA ʼo te maʼu ʼaē ʼo te ʼu takaiga ʼo te tai Mate ʼi te taʼu 1947, ko te ʼu ʼuluaki hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima faka hepeleo ʼe maʼuhiga — logope ko ʼihi ʼi tona ʼu koga kua maumau — kua ʼāfea ia mai te sēkulō 9 ki te sēkulō 11 ʼo totatou temi. Kua hili pe kiai ko taʼu ʼe lauʼi afe. ʼE tonu koa ke tou ʼui ko te koga tohi faka hepeleo ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ia muʼa ʼo te taʼu 1947 ʼe mole feala hatatou falala kiai? Pea he koʼe koa neʼe maʼu te ʼu kiʼi hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima faka hepeleo ʼāfea?

Moʼo tali ki te fehuʼi ʼaia, ko te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼa te kau Sutea orthodoxe, ko he faʼahiga hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe fakaʼaoga ʼi te ʼu sinakoka faka sutea kua kovi neʼe tuku ki te guenizah, ko te tukuʼaga meʼa ʼi te sinakoka. Ka fonu te tukuʼaga meʼa ʼaia, ʼe toʼo mai ai te ʼu hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima pea ʼave ʼo tūtu. Neʼe fai e te kau Sutea te meʼa ʼaia moʼo taupau tanatou ʼu tohi naʼa vaʼivaʼigaʼi pea mo fakaʼaoga koviʼi. Koteā tona tupuʼaga? Koteʼuhi ʼe maʼu ʼi te ʼu tohi ʼaia te Tetalakalame, ko te ʼu mataʼi tohi faka hepeleo ʼo te huafa maʼoniʼoni ʼo te ʼAtua, ʼaē ʼi tona fakaliliu fakapilitānia ko “Sehova”.

Ko te “Couronne”

ʼI te fai māhani, ko te koga tohi ʼāfea faka hepeleo neʼe hiki fakalelei pe ia ʼi te temi fuli pe. Ohage la, ko te hiki maʼuhiga faka hepeleo ʼaē neʼe fai nima, ʼe higoaʼi ko te Kètèr, ko te “Couronne”, ʼaē ʼe ina kofukofu te ʼu tohi katoa faka hepeleo, peʼe ko te “Tauhi ʼĀfea”. Neʼe taupau ʼi te sinakoka ʼāfea ʼo te kūtuga ʼāfea, ko te kūtuga ʼi Alep, ʼi Silia, ko te kolo neʼe lahi ki ai te lotu mahometa. ʼI muʼa, ko te hiki ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fai nima neʼe tuku ki te kau Sutea caraïte ʼo Selusalemi, kae neʼe faʼao leva ʼe nātou ʼaē neʼe mālo ʼi te ʼu tau ʼi te taʼu 1099. Ki muli age, ko te hiki ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fai nima neʼe toe toʼo pea mo fufu ʼi te Vieux Caire, ʼi Esipito. Ko te hiki ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fai nima neʼe aʼu leva ki Alep lagi ʼi te sēkulō 15 pea mo ʼiloa ai leva ko te Codex ʼo Alep. Ko te hiki ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fai nima, neʼe lagi mai te taʼu 930 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe ʼui ko te gāue fakapoto ʼa te kau Massorète, ohage ko tona fakahā ʼaē ʼe tona higoa. ʼE ko he faʼifaʼitaki lelei ia moʼo fakatā ki te taupau ʼaē neʼe fai ʼo ʼuhiga mo te hiki ʼo te koga tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu pea neʼe ko he faʼifaʼitaki ʼo te hiki nima faka hepeleo.

Pea ki totatou temi, ko te kau taupau ʼo te hiki maʼuhiga ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fai nima, neʼe nātou matataku naʼa vaʼivaʼigaʼi tanatou meʼa taputapu ʼaia, neʼe mole nātou tali ke akoʼi e te kau tagata sivi tohi-tapu tanatou ʼu tohi. Koia ʼaē, neʼe mole maʼu pe la he laupepa neʼe hiki, neʼe mole pe la ʼi ai he meʼa neʼe hiki ke feala hona akoʼi.

ʼI te mavae ʼo te kau Pilitania ʼi Palesitina ʼi te taʼu 1948, neʼe hoko te ʼu maveuveu ʼi Alep ʼo ʼuhiga mo te kau Sutea. Ko tanatou sinakoka neʼe tūtu; neʼe puli ai leva te codex maʼuhiga pea neʼe ʼui kua ʼauha aipe mo te codex. Pea hili kiai taʼu e hogofulu neʼe ko he meʼa fakaofoofo te toe maʼu ʼo te tolu ki te fā ʼo te codex ʼaia pea mo hiki mai Silia ki Selusalemi! ʼI te taʼu 1976 ko te toe ta fakalelei ʼo te ʼu hiki e 500 ʼe lanu katoa.

Te gāue ʼa he ʼaliki

Koteā koa te tupuʼaga ʼo te maʼuhiga ʼo te hiki ʼaia neʼe fai nima? ʼUhi ko tana koga tohi tāfito faka kosone ʼaē neʼe fakatonutonuʼi pea mo fakamaʼimaʼiloga e Aaron ben Asher ʼi te taʼu 930 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe ko he tagata maʼu pepa ʼaē neʼe ina hiki pea mo tufa te Tohi-Tapu faka hepeleo. Koia ʼaē neʼe liliu ai te codex ʼaia, ko he faʼifaʼitakiʼaga, tāfito ki te kau sekelipa ʼaē ʼe mole nātou faiva anai ʼi te hiki fakalelei ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼaia.

ʼI tona kamata ko te ʼu hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima neʼe ko hiki pe e 380 (ʼu pasina 760) neʼe maʼu, pea neʼe tohi tāfito ko atu e tolu ʼi te ʼu takaiga. ʼI te temi nei, ko te ʼu hiki kua 294 pea ʼe lahi te ʼu meʼa ʼi te ʼuluaki tohi e nima ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼe puli feiā aipe mo te ʼu tohi ki muli mai, ohage ko te Tagilāulau, Katiko ʼo te ʼu katiko, Taniela, Esitele, Esitalasi, pea mo Nehemia. Neʼe fakahigoaʼi ia ohage ko te “Al” ʼi te Les Saintes Écritures — Traduction du monde nouveau — à références (fakapilitānia) (Sosue 21:37, nota). Ko Moses Maimonides (ʼe paki ʼi heni), ko te tagata fai tohi-tapu Sutea ʼiloa ʼo te temi ʼāfea ʼo te sēkulō 12 ʼo totatou temi, neʼe ina ʼui ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Codex ʼo Alep ko te hokie te tohi lelei ʼe sio ki aia.

Ko te kogaʼi tohi faka hepeleo ʼaē neʼe hiki nima mai te sēkulō 13 ki te sēkulō 15 neʼe ko te fio ia ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼe teitei tatau ʼa te ʼu tagata lalahi e lua ʼaē ko Ben Asher pea mo Ben Naphtali. ʼI te sēkulō 16, ko Jacob ben Hayyim neʼe ina fai te tohi ki te ʼu Tohi-Tapu Faka Hepeleo ʼaē ka ta mai te ʼu tohi ʼaia neʼe fefioʼaki, pea ko te tohi ta ʼaia neʼe ko te tafitoʼaga lagi ʼo te ʼu Tohi-Tapu fuli faka hepeleo neʼe ta ʼi te ʼu taʼu e 400 ʼaē neʼe hoa mai.

ʼA te tolu ta ʼo te Biblia Hebraïca (ko te koga tohi ta faka hepeleo) ʼi te taʼu 1937, neʼe vakaʼi te hikiʼaga tohi ʼa Ben Asher ʼaē neʼe tuku ʼi te hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima neʼe taupau ʼi Lusia, ʼe ʼiloa ko te Hiki ʼaē neʼe fai nima e Leningrad B-19^A pea ko tona ʼāfea ʼe talu mai te taʼu 1008 ʼo totatou temi. Ko te univelesitē faka hepeleo ʼi Selusalemi ʼe fakatuʼutuʼu ke ina ta katoa te tohi faka hepeleo mai Alep ʼi he temi, ʼaki he ʼu koga ʼo te ʼatu ʼu tohi fuli ʼaē ʼe maʼuhiga, feiā ai mo te ʼu takaiga ʼo te tai Mate.

Ko te fakamatala ʼa te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē ʼe tou fakaʼaoga ia ʼaho nei ʼe moʼoni. ʼE haʼu moʼoni ia mai te ʼAtua pea neʼe taupau ia ʼi te ʼu sēkulō e te kau tagata hiki tohi-tapu sekelipa neʼe nātou gāue fakalelei kiai. ʼE ʼiloga te gāue ʼa te kau tagata hiki tohi-tapu ʼaia mokā fakatatau te takaiga tohi ʼa Isaia ʼaē neʼe maʼu ʼi te tai Mate ʼi te taʼu 1947 pea mo te tohi massorétique, ʼe ko te ʼu kiʼi meʼa noa pe ia ʼe nā kehekehe ai, logope la ko te ʼu takaiga ʼo te tai Mate ʼe lauʼi afe tona ʼāfea ʼi te Tohi-Tapu massorétique. Pea tahi foki, ʼi te kua maʼu ʼi te temi nei e te kau tagata fai tohi-tapu te Codex ʼo Alep, ʼe ko he tahi pe ʼaenā fakamoʼoni ke falala ki te moʼoni ʼaē ʼo te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Ei, “ ʼo ʼuhiga mo te folafola ʼo totatou ʼAtua, ʼe tuʼumaʼu anai ia ki he ʼu temi ʼe mole ʼiloʼi.” — Isaia 40:8.

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 28]

Bibelmuseum, Münster

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 29]

Jewish Division / The New York Public Library / Astor, Lenox, and Tilden Foundations