Neʼe Ko Ai Koa Te Kau Massorètes?

KO SEHOVA, “te ʼAtua ʼo te moʼoni,” neʼe ina taupau tana Folafola, te Tohi-Tapu. (Pesalemo 31:5) Kae mai tona ʼaluʼaga ʼaē ko Satana, te fili ʼo te moʼoni, neʼe ina faigaʼi ke ina fakahehemaʼi pea mo pulihi te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe aʼu feafeaʼi mai te Tohi-Tapu kia tatou?—Vakaʼi ia Mateo 13:39.

Ko te tahi koga ʼo te tali ʼe feala ke tou maʼu ʼi te talanoa ʼa te Polofesea ko Robert Gordis: “Ko te gāue ʼa te kau sekelipa Hepeleo, ʼaē ʼe higoa ko te kau Massorètes peʼe ‘ko te kau leʼoleʼo ʼo te talatisio,’ neʼe mole faʼa leleiʼia. Ko te kau sekelipa ʼaia ʼaē neʼe mole fakahā tonatou ʼu higoa, neʼe nātou hiki fakalelei te Tohi Taputapu.” Logope la ʼe tokolahi ʼi te ʼu tagata hiki tohi ʼaia ʼe mole ʼiloʼi tonatou ʼu higoa ʼo aʼu mai ki te temi nei, ko te higoa ʼo te famili e tahi ʼo te kau Massorètes neʼe ʼiloa lelei—ko Ben Asher. Koteā te meʼa ʼe tou ʼiloʼi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te famili Ben Asher pea mo tonatou ʼu kaumeʼa Massorètes?

Ko Te Famili Ben Asher

Ko te koga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼaē neʼe ʼuluaki tohi ʼi te lea faka Hepeleo, ʼaē ʼe fakahigoaʼi māhani ko te Tauhi ʼĀfea, neʼe hiki fakalelei e te kau sekelipa Sutea. Mai te ono sēkulō ki te hogofulu sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, ko te ʼu tagata hiki tohi ʼaia neʼe fakahigoaʼi ko te kau Massorètes. Koteā te gāue ʼaē neʼe nātou fai?

Lolotoga te ʼu sēkulō, ko te lea faka Hepeleo neʼe tohi ʼaki pe te ʼu consonnes, pea neʼe ko te tagata lautohi ʼaē neʼe ina ʼai te ʼu voyelles. Kae ʼi te temi ʼo te kau Massorètes, ko te puʼaki fakalelei ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo neʼe kua puli ia, koteʼuhi tokolahi te kau Sutea neʼe mole kei nātou fakaʼaogaʼi te lea ʼaia. Ko te ʼu kūtuga Massorètes ʼi Papiloni pea mo Iselaele neʼe nātou tohi te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼi ʼoluga, ʼi lalo pea mo te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu consonnes moʼo fakahā te ʼu fakaʼiloga makehe ʼo te ʼu voyelles pea mo te puʼaki fakalelei ʼo te ʼu voyelles. E lagi ko te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu e tolu neʼe fai ki te faʼahi ʼaia, kae ko te fakatuʼutuʼu e tahi neʼe lahi tona fakaʼaogaʼi, ko te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼa te kau Massorètes ʼaē ʼi Tibériade, ʼi te Tai ʼo Kalilea, te famili ʼo Ben Asher.

ʼE fakahā e te ʼu tohi ko te ʼu taʼiake e nima ʼo te kau Massorètes, mai te foʼi famili pe ʼaia e tahi, ʼo kamata mai te Matuʼa ko Asher ʼi te valu sēkulō ʼo totatou temi. Ko ʼihi tagata neʼe ko Nehemiah Ben Asher, mo Asher Ben Nehemiah, mo Moses Ben Asher, pea ki muli age ko Aaron Ben Moses Ben Asher ʼi te hogofulu sēkulō ʼo totatou temi.a Ko te ʼu tagata ʼaia neʼe nātou kau ʼi te ʼu ʼuluaki hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe nātou fakaliliu ke lelei ʼaupito te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼaē neʼe tohi moʼo fakamahino te puʼaki lelei ʼo te tohi faka Hepeleo ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Moʼo fakaliliu ke lelei te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼaia, neʼe tonu ke nātou fai he fakatuʼutuʼu ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼufaʼu ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo. ʼI tonatou temi neʼe mole heʼeki maʼu he fakatuʼutuʼu ʼo he ʼu lao ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼufaʼu ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo. Kae ʼe feala ke tou ʼui ko te kau Massorètes ʼaia neʼe nātou kau ʼi te ʼu ʼuluaki tagata ʼaē neʼe nātou faʼufaʼu te ʼu kupu ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo.

Ko Aaron, ko te tagata Massorète fakamuli ʼo te famili faka talatisio ʼo Ben Asher, neʼe ko ia ʼaē neʼe ina ʼuluaki fakahā pea mo tā te fakamatala ʼaia. Pea neʼe ina tā te tohi ʼaia ʼaki te kupu ʼaenī “Sefer Dikdukei ha-Te‘amim,” ko te ʼuluaki tohi ʼo te ʼu lao ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼufaʼu ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo. Ko te tohi ʼaia neʼe liliu ko he tafitoʼaga ki te gāue ʼa niʼihi tagata ʼi te ʼu sēkulō ki muli mai ʼo ʼuhiga mo te faʼufaʼu ʼo te ʼu kupu ʼo te lea faka Hepeleo. Kae ko te faʼahi ʼaia neʼe kau ki te ʼu gāue maʼuhiga ʼaē neʼe fai e te kau Massorètes. Neʼe koteā te gāue ʼaia?

Neʼe Fakamaʼua Te Toe ʼAtamai Lahi

Ko te gāue tāfito ʼa te kau Massorètes, ko te hiki fakahagatonu ʼo te ʼu kupu fuli, tatau aipe mo te ʼu mataʼi tohi takitahi ʼo te ʼu vaega ʼo te Tohi-Tapu. Moʼo taupau te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fai e te kau Massorètes te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina fuli moʼo fakahā te ʼu fetogi ʼaē neʼe feala ke hoko ʼi he lotonoa peʼe ʼi te loto faʼifaʼitaliha ʼa te ʼu tagata hiki tohi ʼaē neʼe nātou hiki tohi ki muʼa atu. ʼO hilifaki ki te ʼu nota ʼaia ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina, neʼe toe tohi e te kau Massorètes te ʼu faʼahiga kupu ʼaē ʼe mole lahi hona fakaʼaogaʼi pea mo te ʼu kupu ʼe fefioʼaki, ʼo nātou fakahā pe neʼe hā tuʼa fia te ʼu kupu ʼaia ʼi he ʼu tohi peʼe ʼi te Tohi Faka Hepeleo katoa. Ko te ʼu fakamatalatala ʼaia neʼe tohi ʼaki te faʼahiga tohi ʼe fakanounou, koteʼuhi neʼe mole lahi te potu ʼaē ke tohi ai. ʼO hilifaki ki te gāue ʼaia ʼaē ko te fakatonutonuʼi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe tohi ʼi te lotomalie pea mo te mataʼi tohi ʼo te tahi ʼu tohi. Neʼe nātou lau te ʼu mataʼi tohi fuli ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ke nātou ʼiloʼi papau peʼe totonu tona hiki.

ʼI ʼoluga ʼo te pasina pea mo te lalo pasina, neʼe lahi te ʼu fakamatalatala neʼe tohi e te kau Massorètes ʼo ʼuhiga mo ʼihi age ʼu nota veliveli ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina.b Ko te ʼu nota ʼaia neʼe ʼaoga moʼo fakatonutonuʼi tanatou gāue. Neʼe feafeaʼi te fakatonutonuʼi e te kau Massorètes te ʼu koga ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, he neʼe mole heʼeki fai he ʼu mataʼi numelo ʼo te ʼu vaega pea neʼe mole heʼeki hiki he ʼu vaega ʼe ʼalutahi mo te ʼu vaega ʼaē neʼe nātou fakatonutonuʼi? ʼI ʼoluga ʼo te pasina pea mo te lalo pasina, neʼe nātou tohi te lisi ʼo te ʼu vaega ʼaē ʼe ʼalutahi mo te vaega ʼaia, ke nātou manatuʼi peʼe tuʼu ʼifea ʼi te Tohi-Tapu ia te kupu ʼaia peʼe ko te ʼu kupu ʼaia. ʼUhi ko te mole lahi ʼo te ʼu faʼahi ʼaē ke tohi ai, neʼe nātou tautau tohi pe te manatu tāfito ke nātou manatuʼi te vaega ʼaē ʼe ʼalutahi mo te vaega ʼaia. Ke ʼi ai he ʼaoga ʼo te ʼu nota ʼaia ʼaē neʼe nātou fai ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina, ko te ʼu tagata hiki tohi ʼaia neʼe tonu ke nātou ʼiloʼi fakaʼatamai te ʼu Tohi Faka Hepeleo katoa ʼo te Tohi-Tapu.

Ko te ʼu lisi ʼaē neʼe loaloaga fau ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina neʼe hiki ʼo tohi ʼi te tahi potu ʼo te tohi. Ohage la, ko te nota ʼa te kau Massorètes ʼi te tafaʼaki ʼo te vaega ʼo Senesi 18:3, ʼe hā ʼaki mai te ʼu mataʼi tohi faka Hepeleo e tolu, קלד. ʼE ko te fakaliliu faka Hepeleo ʼaia ʼo te mataʼi numelo 134. ʼI te tahi koga ʼo te tohi, ko te lisi ʼe ina fakahā ko te ʼu faʼahi e 134 ʼaē neʼe molehi fakahagatonu ai e te kau tagata hiki tohi ʼi muʼa ʼo te kau Massorètes te huafa ʼo Sehova mai te tohi faka Hepeleo, ʼo nātou fetogi ʼaki te kupu ʼaē ko te “ ʼAliki.”c Logope la tanatou ʼiloʼi te ʼu fetogi ʼaia, neʼe mole haga te kau Massorètes ʼo fetogi te ʼu vaega ʼaia neʼe nātou maʼu. Kae, neʼe nātou fakahā te ʼu fetogi ʼaia ʼi tanatou ʼu nota ʼaē ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina. Kae he koʼe neʼe fai e te kau Massorètes te toe gāue lelei ʼaia kae mole nātou fetogi te ʼu vaega ʼaē neʼe fetogi e te kau ʼuluaki tagata hiki tohi? Neʼe kehekehe koa tanatou Lotu Faka Sutea ʼi te lotu ʼo nātou ʼaē neʼe nātou ʼuluaki hiki te ʼu tohi?

Koteā ʼAē Neʼe Nātou Tui Kiai?

ʼI te lolotoga ʼo te tuputupu ʼo te kau Massorètes, neʼe lagolago te Lotu Faka Sutea ki te fihi ʼo te ʼu faʼahiga akonaki neʼe kua mālohi ʼaupito. Talu mai te ʼuluaki sēkulō ʼo totatou temi, ko te Lotu Faka Sutea ʼa te kau lapi neʼe tuputupu tona mālohi. ʼAki te ʼu tohi ʼo te Talmud pea mo te ʼu fakamahinohino ʼa te kau lapi, ko te Tohi-Tapu neʼe mole faʼa maʼuhiga age ʼi te fakamahinohino ʼa te kau lapi ʼo ʼuhiga mo te lao ʼaē neʼe mole tohi.d Koia, ko te leʼoleʼo lelei ʼo te Tohi-Tapu neʼe feala ai ke puli tona maʼuhiga.

ʼI te valu sēkulō, ko te kūtuga neʼe higoa ko te kau Karaïtes neʼe nātou fakafeagai ki te gāue ʼaia. Moʼo faka maʼuhigaʼi te ako takitokotahi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe nātou fakafisi ki te pule pea mo te ʼu fakamahinohino ʼa te kau lapi pea mo te Talmud. Neʼe nātou tali ke puleʼi pe nātou e te Tohi-Tapu. ʼAki te manatu ʼaia neʼe ʼāsili ai leva te ʼaoga ʼaē ke hiki fakalelei te tohi ʼaia, pea ko te ʼu gāue ʼaē neʼe fai e te kau Massorètes neʼe feala ke toe hoko atu.

Neʼe feafeaʼi te malave ʼa te tui ʼa te kau lapi pea mo te kau Karaïtes ki te gāue ʼa te kau Massorètes? Ko Moshe H. Goshen-Gottstein, ko te tagata poto ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu tohi faka Hepeleo ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, ʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “Neʼe ʼiloʼi papau e te kau Massorètes . . . neʼe nātou taupau maʼu te talatisio ʼāfea, pea kapau ʼe nātou fetogi te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaia, ʼe nātou faka ʼuhigaʼi anai ko he toe meʼa kovi ʼaē neʼe nātou fai.”

Neʼe faka ʼuhigaʼi e te kau Massorètes te hiki fakalelei ʼo te tohi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ohage ko he gāue taputapu. Logope la neʼe feala kia nātou takitokotahi ke nātou mulimuli ki he tahi age ʼu manatu faka lotu, ʼe ʼiloga mai ko te gāue ʼa te kau Massorètes neʼe mole mulimuli ki he ʼu meʼa feiā. Ko te ʼu nota ʼaē neʼe hiki fakalelei ʼi te ʼu tafaʼaki ʼo te ʼu pasina, neʼe mole feala ke fakafihiʼi e te ʼu gāue faka teolosia. Ko te Tohi-Tapu totonu neʼe ko te meʼa maʼuhiga ʼaia ʼo tonatou maʼuli; neʼe mole nātou kākāʼi te Tohi-Tapu.

Te ʼu Fua Lelei ʼo Tanatou Gāue

Logope la ko te Iselaele ʼi te kakano neʼe mole kei fili e te ʼAtua ko tana hahaʼi, ko te ʼu tagata hiki tohi Sutea ʼaia neʼe nātou fakatuʼutuʼu ke nātou taupau fakalelei te Folafola ʼa te ʼAtua. (Mateo 21:42-44; 23:37, 38) Neʼe fakamahinohino lelei e Robert Gordis te ʼu gāue ʼa te famili Ben Asher pea mo ʼihi kau Massorètes, ʼo ina ʼui fēnei: “Ko te ʼu tagata agavaivai ʼaia kae ko he kau gāue makehe . . . neʼe mole nātou fai fakahāhā tanatou toe gāue lahi ʼaia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te taupau ʼo te Tohi-Tapu naʼa puli pea mo fetogi.” (The Biblical Text in the Making) Ko tona ikuʼaga, ʼi te 16 sēkulō ko te kau Réformateurs ohage ko Luther pea mo Tyndale neʼe nā fakafihiʼi te pule ʼo te ʼēkelesia pea neʼe nā kamata fakaliliu te Tohi-Tapu ki te ʼu lea ʼa te hahaʼi ke feala hanatou lau, pea neʼe nā fakaʼaogaʼi ki tanā gāue te tohi faka Hepeleo ʼaē neʼe taupau fakalelei.

ʼE kei ʼaoga kia tatou te gāue ʼa te kau Massorètes. Ko tanatou ʼu tohi faka Hepeleo ʼe ko te tafitoʼaga ʼaia ʼo te ʼu tohi faka Hepeleo ʼo te Les Saintes Écritures—Traduction du monde nouveau. ʼE kei hoholo nei te fakaliliu ʼo te Tohi-Tapu ʼi te ʼu lea kehekehe ʼaki pe te manatu pea mo te tokaga ʼaē neʼe fakahā e te kau Massorètes ʼāfea ʼo ʼuhiga mo te totonu ʼo te tohi. ʼE tonu anai mo tatou ke tou toe fakahā te taʼi manatu ʼaia ʼaki hatatou tokakaga ki te Folafola ʼa Sehova ʼAtua.—2 Petelo 1:19.

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

[Talanoa ʼo te pasina 28]

Ko Te Fakatuʼutuʼu ʼo ʼUhiga Mo Te Puʼaki ʼo Te Lea Faka Hepeleo

LOLOTOGA ʼo te ʼu sēkulō, neʼe kumi e te kau Massorètes he faʼahiga puleʼaki ʼe lelei moʼo tohi te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼo te ʼu voyelles pea mo faka maʼuhigaʼi te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga ʼaia. Kae, ʼe mole ko he meʼa fakapunamaʼuli te fetogi ʼo te ʼu puleʼaki ʼaia ʼi te hōloga ʼo te famili Ben Asher. Ko te ʼu tohi ʼaē ʼe maʼu nei, ʼe ko te ʼu faʼahiga fai pea mo te ʼu puleʼaki ʼa te ʼu Massorètes fakamuli e toko lua ʼo te famili Ben Asher, ko Moïse pea mo Aaron.e Ko te fakatatau ʼo te ʼu tohi ʼaia ʼe hā mai ai ko Aaron neʼe ina fai te ʼu lao ki te tahi ʼu kiʼi puani ʼo ʼuhiga mo te puʼaki ʼo te ʼu kupu pea mo te ʼu nota pea ʼe mole tatau mo te ʼu nota ʼaē ʼo tana tāmai, ia Moïse.

Ko Ben Naphtali neʼe ko te tagata neʼe maʼuli ʼi te temi ʼo Aaron Ben Asher. ʼE maʼu ʼi te Codex Caire ʼa Moïse Ben Asher te ʼu fakamahinohino ʼe ʼui neʼe tohi e Ben Naphtali. Koia, peʼe ko Ben Naphtali ʼaē neʼe akoʼi e Moïse Ben Asher peʼe ko nāua toko lua ʼaē neʼe nā taupau te talatisio ʼaē kua ʼāfea ʼaupito. ʼE tokolahi te ʼu tagata ako faka Tohi-Tapu ʼe nātou palalau ki te kehekehe ʼo te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu ʼaē ʼa Ben Asher pea mo Ben Naphtali, kae ʼe tohi fēnei e Goshen-Gottstein: “E lagi feala ke tou ʼui neʼe ʼi ai te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu e lua ʼi te loto famili ʼo Ben Asher pea mo hinoʼi te kehekehe ʼo te ʼu faʼahiga tohi ʼaia ko: Ben Asher ʼe fakafeagai kia Ben Asher.” Koia ʼe mole totonu anai hatatou ʼui neʼe ko te puleʼaki pe e tahi ʼaē neʼe fai e Ben Asher. ʼE mole ʼui neʼe tali te ʼu faʼahiga fai ʼa Aaron Ben Asher ʼuhi ko he tagata neʼe maʼuhiga. Neʼe tali te tohi ʼo Aaron Ben Asher ʼuhi ko te fakavikiviki ʼaē neʼe fai e Moïse Maimonides ko he tagata poto ʼo te Talmud ʼo te 12 sēkulō.

[Paki ʼo te ʼu mataʼi tohi faka Hepeleo]

Ko he koga ʼo te vaega ʼo Ekesote 6:2, ʼaki te ʼu puani mo te ʼu ‘voyelles’ pea mo te ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga moʼo fakakehekeheʼi te ʼu kupu, mo he koga ʼo te vaega ʼaia ka mole ʼi ai he ʼu kiʼi fakaʼiloga

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

[Paki ʼo te pasina 26]

Tibériade, ko te potu ʼaē neʼe fai tāfito ai te gāue ʼa te kau Massorètes mai te valu sēkulō ʼo aʼu mai ki te hogofulu sēkulō

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.