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  • Ko Naḥmanides—Neʼe Fakafisi Koa Ki Te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano?
  • Te Tule Leʼo—1997
  • Manatu Tafito
  • He Tahi ʼu Alatike
  • Koteā ʼAē Neʼe Ina Fakahoko Vave Ai Te Fono?
  • He Koʼe Koa Neʼe Fili Ia Naḥmanides?
  • ʼE Fakafeagai Ia Naḥmanides Kia Pablo Christiani
  • ʼE Maʼu ʼIfea Te Moʼoni?
  • Koteā Koa Te Talmud?
    Te Tule Leʼo—1998
  • Ko Te Fakaliliu ʼo Te Tohi-Tapu ʼAē Neʼe Ina Fetogi Te Malamanei
    Te Tule Leʼo—1998
Te Tule Leʼo—1997
w97 15/4 p. 19-22

Ko Naḥmanides—Neʼe Fakafisi Koa Ki Te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano?

KO TE Moyen-Âge. Koteā ʼaē ʼe fakamanatuʼi mai e te temi ʼaia? Te ʼu tau taputapu? Te Inikisisio? Te Fakamamahiʼi ʼo te hahaʼi? Logope la ʼi te agamāhani ʼe mole ko he temi neʼe fia fakalogo ai te hahaʼi ki he palalau ki te lotu, kae lolotoga te temi ʼaia, ʼi te taʼu 1263, neʼe fai te fono neʼe mole heʼeki hoko ki muʼa atu ʼi te hisitolia ʼo Eulopa, e te kau Sutea pea mo te kau Kilisitiano. Ko ai ʼaē neʼe kau kiai? Koteā te ʼu fehuʼi ʼaē neʼe lagaʼi? ʼE tokoni feafeaʼi mai kia tatou te fono ʼaia ke tou ʼiloʼi ai te lotu moʼoni ʼi te temi ʼaenī?

Koteā ʼAē Neʼe Ina Fakahoko Vave Ai Te Fono?

Lolotoga te Moyen-Âge, neʼe fakahā totonu e te ’Ēkelesia Katolika Loma ia ko te lotu moʼoni. Kae neʼe mole he temi neʼe līaki ai e te hahaʼi Sutea tanatou ʼui ʼaē ko nātou te hahaʼi ʼaē neʼe fili e te ʼAtua. Ko te mole feala ʼaē ki te ʼēkelesia ke ina fakalotoʼi te kau Sutea ke nātou līaki tanatou lotu, neʼe tupu ai te ʼu tokakovi pea neʼe tau hoko ai te ʼu agamālohi pea mo te ʼu fakataga. Lolotoga te ʼu tau taputapu, ko te toko lauʼi hogofulu afe kau Sutea neʼe fakapogi pe neʼe tutu ʼi te ʼu pou, ʼi te temi ʼaē neʼe tonu ai ke nātou fili ai peʼe papitemaʼi nātou peʼe matehi nātou. ʼE lahi te ʼu fenua neʼe mālohi ai te fehiʼa ʼa te ʼēkelesia ki te kau Sutea.

Kae neʼe maʼu te manatu kehe ʼi te fenua Katolika ʼo Sepania ʼi te 12 pea mo te 13 sēkulō. Neʼe foaki ki te kau Sutea te ʼāteaina faka lotu, kapau ʼe mole nātou fakafeagai ki te tui faka Kilisitiano, pea neʼe toe foaki kia nātou te ʼu tuʼulaga maʼuhiga ʼi te fale ʼo te hau. Kae neʼe lagi hili kiai he sēkulō ʼo tonatou gaohi fakalelei, pea neʼe fai e te kau patele Dominicains te ʼu fakatuʼutuʼu moʼo fakamālaloʼi te kau Sutea ʼi te sosiete, pea mo fakatafoki te kau Sutea ki te Lotu Katolika. Neʼe uga e te kau Dominicains ia te Hau ko Sake 1 ʼo Aragon ke ina fakatuʼutuʼu ke fai he fono, moʼo fakamoʼoni ai te mālalo ʼo te Lotu Faka Sutea pea mo te maʼua ʼaē ki te kau Sutea fuli ke nātou tafoki ki te Lotu Katolika.

Neʼe mole ko te ʼuluaki fono ʼaia ʼaē neʼe fakahoko e te kau Sutea pea mo te kau Kilisitiano. ʼI te taʼu 1240, neʼe fai te fono ʼi Palesi, ʼi Falani. Neʼe ko tona fakatuʼutuʼu tāfito, neʼe ko te fakamāuʼi ʼo te Talmud, te tohi taputapu ʼo te kau Sutea. Kae neʼe faka tuʼakoi te ʼu palalau ʼa te kau Sutea ʼaē neʼe kau kiai. ʼI te ʼosi fakahā ʼaē kua mālo te ʼēkelesia ʼi te fono ʼaia, neʼe tutu leva te ʼu tuʼuga tohi ʼo te Talmud ʼi te ʼu potu ʼaē ʼe kaugamālie ai te hahaʼi.

Kae ko te agalelei ʼo te Hau ko Sake 1 ʼo Aragon neʼe mole ina tali te taʼi fakalainoa ʼaia. ʼI tanatou sio ki te faʼahi ʼaia, neʼe fai leva e te kau Dominicains te tahi fakatuʼutuʼu. Ohage ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe ʼui e Hyam Maccoby ʼi tana tohi Judaism on Trial, neʼe nātou fakaafe te kau Sutea ke nātou fono, “moʼo takuʼaki ko hanatou fakaʼapaʼapa kia nātou, kae mole ko he fakalainoaʼi ʼo nātou ohage ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe hoko ʼi Palesi.” Neʼe fili e te kau Dominicains ia Pablo Christiani ke liliu ko tanatou pule fakafofoga, neʼe ko te tagata Sutea kua tafoki ki te Lotu Katolika, pea neʼe liliu ko te patele Dominicain. ʼI tanatou fakaʼaogaʼi te ʼiloʼi e Pablo Christiani ia te Talmud pea mo te ʼu tohi faka lapi, neʼe manatu te kau Dominicains neʼe feala hanatou fakamoʼoni ki te meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou tui kiai.

He Koʼe Koa Neʼe Fili Ia Naḥmanides?

Neʼe gata pe ki te tagata mālohi e tahi ʼi te faʼahi fakalaumālie ʼi Sepania, neʼe feala ke ina fakafofoga te kau Sutea ʼi te fono neʼe ko Moses ben Naḥman, peʼe ko Naḥmanides.a Neʼe lagi tupu ʼi te taʼu 1194 ʼi te fenua ko Gérone, pea ʼi tana kei tūpulaga neʼe kua ʼiloa ia Naḥmanides ʼe ko he tagata poto ʼi te fakaʼaogaʼi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te Talmud. ʼI tona taʼu 30, neʼe ina tohi te ʼu meʼa ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Talmud, pea mole fualoa ki muli age, neʼe kau tāfito ki te fakatokatoka ʼo te fihifihia ʼaē neʼe hoko ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu tohi ʼo Maimonide, ʼaē neʼe tupu ai te maveuveu ʼa te hahaʼi Sutea.b ʼE faka ʼuhiga ia Naḥmanides ʼe ko te tagata Sutea ʼaē neʼe poto tokotahi ʼi tona taʼiake, ʼi te sivi ʼo te Tohi-Tapu pea mo te Talmud, pea neʼe lagi hoa kia Maimonide ʼi tana mālohi ʼaē ʼi te Lotu Faka Sutea lolotoga te temi ʼaia.

Neʼe lave mālohi te ʼu akonaki ʼa Naḥmanides ki te hahaʼi Sutea ʼo Catalogne, pea māʼia mo te Hau ko Sake 1 neʼe kumi tokoni kia ia ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu faʼahiga meʼa ʼo te fenua. Neʼe fakaʼapaʼapaʼi e te kau Sutea pea mo te kau Senitile tana poto fakakaukau. Neʼe ʼiloʼi e te kau Dominicains, kapau ʼe nātou loto ke iku tanatou fia fakalainoaʼi ʼo te kau Sutea, pea ʼe tonu ke nātou tauʼi ia ia, tanatou lapi lahi.

Neʼe mole faʼa tali e Nahmanides te fono ʼaē neʼe nātou fakatuʼutuʼu, ʼi tana ʼiloʼi ʼaē ʼe fakapalatahi te kau Dominicains. Neʼe feala ke ina tali ki te ʼu fehuʼi kae neʼe mole gafua kia ia ke ina fai he ʼu fehuʼi. Kae neʼe ina kole ki te hau, ke feala hana palalau faʼitaliha, pea mo fai tana ʼu tali. Neʼe tali e te Hau ko Sake 1 te faʼahi ʼaia. Ko te fakagafua ʼaia ke palalau faʼitaliha, neʼe mole heʼeki hoko ki muʼa atu pea neʼe mole toe hoko lolotoga te Moyen-Âge, ʼo hā mai ai te maʼuhiga ʼo Naḥmanides kia mata ʼo te hau. Kae, neʼe kei tuʼania ia Naḥmanides. Kapau neʼe fakatokagaʼi neʼe lahi fau tana ʼu fakafifihi ʼi te fono ʼaia, neʼe feala ke ʼi ai hona ʼu fua kovi kia ia pea ki te kau Sutea. Neʼe feala ke fai kia nātou ni ʼu fakataga.

ʼE Fakafeagai Ia Naḥmanides Kia Pablo Christiani

Neʼe fai tāfito te fono ʼaia ʼi te fale hau ʼaē ʼi Barcelone. Neʼe fai te ʼu fono e fā: ʼi te ʼaho 20, mo te 23, mo te 26 pea mo te 27 ʼo Sūlio 1263. Neʼe pelesita ai te hau ʼi te ʼu fono fuli ʼaia, pea neʼe toe kau kiai mo te ʼu hahaʼi maʼuhiga ʼo te ’Ēkelesia pea mo te Puleʼaga, pea mo te hahaʼi Sutea.

Neʼe kua ʼiloʼi papau e te ʼēkelesia te ikuʼaga ʼo te fono ʼaia. ʼI te ʼu palalau ʼaē neʼe nātou fai, neʼe ʼui e te kau Dominicains ko te fakatuʼutuʼu ʼo te fono neʼe ‘mole ko he fakafihiʼi ʼo te tui ohage ko he meʼa neʼe fakatupu lotolotolua, kae neʼe fai moʼo maumauʼi ʼo te ʼu hala ʼo te kau Sutea pea mo pulihi te tui mālohi ʼa te tokolahi ʼi te kau Sutea.’

Logope la neʼe kua teitei taʼu 70, kae neʼe fakahā e Naḥmanides tana poto fakakaukau ʼi tana kumi ʼaē ke faka tuʼakoi te fai palalau ki te ʼu fehuʼi tāfito. Neʼe ina kamata ʼo ina ʼui fēnei: “Ko te ʼu ʼuluaki fihi ʼo te kau Senitile pea mo te kau Sutea, neʼe hoko ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu tuʼuga akonaki ʼo te lotu, kae neʼe mole pipiki kiai te pelesepeto tāfito ʼo te tui. Kae ʼi te fale hau ʼaenī, ʼe ʼau fia talanoa pe ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu faʼahi ʼaē ʼe pipiki tāfito kiai tatatou fihifihia.” ʼI te temi ʼaia, neʼe nātou tali ai ke faka tuʼakoi pe te fono ki te ʼu fehuʼi ʼaē kua haʼu te Mesia, pe neʼe ko ia te ʼAtua pe neʼe ko he tagata, pea mo te fia ʼiloʼi ʼaē pe ko te kau Sutea peʼe ko te kau Kilisitiano ʼaē ʼe nātou maʼu te lao moʼoni.

ʼI tana ʼuluaki palalau, neʼe ʼui e Pablo Christiani ʼe ina fakamoʼoni anai ʼaki te Talmud kua ʼosi haʼu te Mesia. Neʼe tali age e Naḥmanides kapau koia ʼaia, pea he koʼe koa ko te kau lapi, ʼaē neʼe nātou tali te Talmud, neʼe nātou fakafisi kia Sesu? Neʼe mole fakatafito e Christiani tana ʼu manatu ki te Tohi-Tapu, kae neʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi tuʼumaʼu te ʼu palalau ʼa te kau lapi ʼe mole matala lelei moʼo fakatafito kiai tana ʼu manatu. Neʼe fakahā e Naḥmanides ʼe hala tana ʼu manatu, he neʼe mole ʼalutahi te ʼu palalau faka lapi ʼaia mo te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe nātou talanoa kiai. ʼE mahino ia, neʼe faigafua age kia Naḥmanides ke ina fakafihiʼi te ʼu palalau ʼaia, he neʼe kua fualoa tana ako ʼo te ʼu palalau faka lapi ʼaia. Māʼiape la mo te temi ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi ai e Christiani te Tohi-Tapu, neʼe ina fai te ʼu palalau neʼe faigafua pe tona fakafihiʼi.

Logope la neʼe fakagafua pe kia Naḥmanides ke ina tali ki te ʼu fehuʼi, kae neʼe ina fakahā lelei te tupuʼaga ʼo te mole tali e te kau Sutea pea mo te hahaʼi popoto ia te manatu ʼo te ’Ēkelesia Katolika. ʼO ʼuhiga mo te akonaki ʼo te Tahitolu, neʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “Ko te ʼatamai ʼo he tagata Sutea pe ʼo he tahi age tagata, ʼe mole feala anai ke tui ki te ʼui ʼaē ko te Tupuʼaga ʼo te lagi mo te kele . . . neʼe tupu ʼi te ʼalo ʼo te fafine Sutea . . . pea ki muli age neʼe tuku kia nima ʼo tana ʼu fili, ʼaē . . . neʼe nātou matehi ia ia.” Neʼe ʼui lelei e Naḥmanides: “Ko te meʼa ʼaē ʼe koutou tui kiai, pea mo fakatafito kiai takotou tui, ʼe mole feala ke tali e he tahi ʼe ʼatamai.”

Neʼe fakahā lelei e Naḥmanides, ʼo aʼu ki te ʼaho ʼaia, ʼe tokolahi te kau Sutea ʼe mole nātou tui ki te ʼui ʼaē ko Sesu ko ia te Mesia, pea neʼe ina fakahā ai te lahi ʼo te ligi toto ʼaē neʼe fakahoko e te ʼēkelesia. Neʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “ ʼE ʼui e te polofeta, ʼi te temi ʼo te Mesia . . . ʼe nātou tuki tanatou ʼu heletā ko he ʼu huo fuli kele pea mo tanatou ʼu tao ko he ʼu pipi moʼo pakimaga. ʼE mole hiki anai te heletā ʼa he puleʼaga ki he tahi puleʼaga, pea ʼe mole nātou toe ako anai te tau. Talu mai te temi ʼo te Nasalea ʼaia ʼo aʼu mai ki te temi nei, ko te malamanei katoa kua fonu ʼi te agamālohi pea mo te kaihaʼa. [ʼI tona fakahagatonu], ʼe lahi age te ligi toto ʼa te kau Kilisitiano ʼi te ligi toto ʼa te hahaʼi ʼo te ʼu puleʼaga, pea tahi ʼaē meʼa ʼe nātou fai te ʼu aga heʼemaʼa. ʼE ko he meʼa faigataʼa anai kia koe, toku ʼaliki, pea mo nātou ʼaenī, tau ʼu hahaʼi maʼu tuʼulaga, mo kapau ʼe mole nātou toe ako anai te tau!”​—Isaia 2:4.

Hili te fā fono, neʼe fakagata e te hau te fono. Neʼe ina ʼui fēnei kia Naḥmanides: “Neʼe mole heʼeki ʼau sio ki he tagata neʼe ina fai he ʼu palalau lelei feiā ohage ko koe.” Ohage ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe ina fakapapau age kia Naḥmanides, ke palalau faʼitaliha pea mo ina puipui ia ia, neʼe toe fakaliliu ia ia e te Hau ko Sake 1 ʼo Aragon ki tona ʼapi ʼaki te meʼa ʼofa neʼe ko tenalio e 300. ʼAki te kole ʼo te ʼēpikopō ʼo Gérone, neʼe tohi e Naḥmanides te fono ʼaia.

Logope la tanatou ʼui neʼe nātou mālo, kae ʼe hā lelei mai neʼe kua ʼiʼita te kau Dominicains. Ki muli age, neʼe nātou tukugakoviʼi ia Naḥmanides ʼo nātou ʼui neʼe leakovi ki te ʼēkelesia, ʼo nātou fakamoʼoni kiai ʼaki te ʼu tohi ʼaē neʼe ina fai ʼo ʼuhiga mo te fono ʼaia. ʼI tanatou mole leleiʼia te gaohi fakalelei e te hau ia Naḥmanides, neʼe pāui e te kau Dominicains te Tuʼi Tapu ko Clément 4. Logope la neʼe kua taʼu 70 tupu, kae neʼe kapu ia Naḥmanides mai Sepania.c

ʼE Maʼu ʼIfea Te Moʼoni?

Ko te ʼu tali ʼaē neʼe fai e te kau Dominicains pea mo te kau Sutea, neʼe feala ai koa ke ʼiloʼi peʼe ʼifea te lotu moʼoni? Logope la neʼe nā fefakahāʼaki tanā ʼu hala, ka neʼe mole he tahi neʼe ina fakahā lelei te moʼoni. Ko te meʼa ʼaē neʼe fakafisi lelei kiai ia Naḥmanides, neʼe mole ko te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano moʼoni, kae neʼe ko te ʼu akonaki fakatagata, ohage ko te akonaki ʼo te Tahitolu, ʼaē neʼe fakatupu e te Keletiate ʼi te ʼu sēkulō ki muli age ʼi te kua mate ʼo Sesu. Ko te maʼuli heʼemaʼa ʼo te Keletiate pea mo te lahi ʼo tana ligi toto, ʼaē neʼe fakahā e Naḥmanides ʼaki he lototoʼa, neʼe ko he ʼu meʼa neʼe hoko moʼoni ʼi te hisitolia.

ʼE mole faigataʼa tatatou mahino pe koʼe, ʼi te ʼu ʼaluʼaga ʼaia, ko Naḥmanides pea mo te kau Sutea neʼe mole nātou ōfo ʼi te ʼu manatu ʼaē neʼe fakahā moʼo lagolago ki te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano. Tahi ʼaē meʼa, ko te ʼu manatu ʼa Pablo Christiani neʼe mole fakatafito ia ki te fakamatala lelei ʼo te Tohi-Tapu faka Hepeleo, kae neʼe fakatafito ia ki te ʼu tohi faka lapi ʼaē neʼe mole mahino lelei kiai.

Kae neʼe mole fakafisi ia Naḥmanides ki te Lotu Faka Kilisitiano moʼoni. ʼI tona temi, ko te mālama moʼoni ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼu akonaki ʼa Sesu pea mo te ʼu fakamoʼoni ʼo tana pule faka Mesianike, neʼe kua fakapōʼuli ʼuhi ko te ʼu akonaki hala. Ko te ʼapositasia ʼaia neʼe fakakikite e Sesu pea mo te kau ʼapositolo.​—Mateo 7:​21-​23; 13:24-​30, 37-​43; 1 Timoteo 4:​1-3; 2 Petelo 2:​1, 2.

Kae ʼi te temi ʼaenī, kua feala hatatou ʼiloʼi peʼe ʼifea te lotu moʼoni. Neʼe ʼui e Sesu ʼo ʼuhiga mo tana ʼu tisipulo moʼoni: “ ʼE koutou ʼiloʼi anai ia nātou ʼi tonatou ʼu fua. . . . Pea ʼe toe feiā pe, ko te ʼakau lelei fuli pe ʼe fua ʼaki te ʼu fua matalelei, kaʼe ko te ʼakau popo fuli pe ʼe fua ʼaki te ʼu fua ʼe kovi.” (Mateo 7:​16, 17) ʼE mātou fakaafe koutou ke koutou vakaʼi peʼe ʼifea te lotu moʼoni. Koutou tuku ke tokoni atu te kau Fakamoʼoni ʼa Sehova ke koutou kumi he ʼu fakamoʼoni ʼi te Tohi-Tapu. ʼE koutou ako ai anai te ʼuhiga moʼoni ʼo te ʼu fakapapau ʼa te ʼAtua ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Mesia pea mo tana takitaki.

[Nota ʼi te lalo pasina]

a Tokolahi te kau Sutea ʼe nātou pāui ia Naḥmanides ko “Ramban,” ko te kupu faka Hepeleo ʼaē ʼe faʼu ʼaki te ʼu ʼuluaki mataʼi tohi ʼo te ʼu kupu “Rabbi Moses Ben Naḥman.”

b Vakaʼi te alatike “Maimonide​—L’homme qui a redéfini le judaisme” ʼo Te Tule Leʼo (Fakafalani) ʼo te ʼaho 1 ʼo Malesio 1995, pasina 20 ki te 23.

c ʼI te taʼu 1267, neʼe tau ia Naḥmanides ki te fenua ʼaē ʼe higoa ʼi te temi nei ko Iselaele. Neʼe lahi te ʼu meʼa ʼaē neʼe ina fai ʼi te ʼu taʼu fakamuli ʼo tona maʼuli. Neʼe ina toe fakatuʼu te mālohi faka Sutea pea mo te fale ke ako ai te hahaʼi ʼi Selusalemi. Tahi ʼaē meʼa, neʼe ina toe fakaʼosi te fakamatala ʼo ʼuhiga mo te Torah, te ʼu ʼuluaki tohi e nima ʼo te Tohi-Tapu, pea neʼe liliu ko te tagata takitaki fakalaumālie ʼo te kau Sutea ʼi te matafenua ʼo te potu tokelau ʼo te fenua ʼo Acre, ʼaē neʼe mate ai ʼi te taʼu 1270.

[Paki ʼo te pasina 20]

Neʼe tauʼi e Naḥmanides te fakafifihi ʼaē neʼe fai kia ia ʼi Barcelone

[Haʼuʼaga ʼo te paki pasina 19]

Illustrations on pages 19-​20: Reproduced from Illustrirte Pracht - Bibel/Heilige Schrift des Alten und Neuen Testaments, nach der deutschen Uebersetzung D. Martin Luther’s

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