Koteā ʼAē Kua Hoko Ki Te ʼIfeli?
MAʼA koutou e feafeaʼi te “ ʼifeli”? ʼE ko he koga meʼa koa ʼe ulo ai he afi pea mo he sufe, ʼe fakamamahiʼi tuʼumaʼu ai te hahaʼi? Peʼe koutou faka ʼuhiga koa te ʼifeli ko he ʼaluʼaga fakatātā?
Lolotoga te ʼu sēkulō, neʼe ʼui e te kau takitaki lotu ʼo te Keletiate ko te kau agahala ʼe nātou ʼolo anai ki he ʼifeli kakaha ʼe fakamamahiʼi ʼaupito ai nātou. ʼE kei lahi te ʼu lotu ʼe maʼu ai te akonaki ʼaia. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te U.S.News & World Report: “Lagi ko te kupu ʼifeli neʼe ʼiloa ʼuhi ko te Keletiate, . . . kae mole ko ia pe ʼaē ʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi te kupu ʼaia. Ko te tuʼaniaʼi ʼo he fakamamahiʼi fakamataku ʼi te ʼosi mate, ʼe teitei maʼu ʼi te ʼu lotu lalahi fuli ʼo te malamanei pea mo te tahi ʼu kiʼi lotu.” ʼE faka tui te kau Initia, mo te kau Putisi, mo te kau Mahometa, mo te kau Jaïnistes, pea mo te kau Taoïstes ki te ʼu faʼahiga ʼifeli kehekehe.
Kae ʼi te temi nei, ʼe ʼi ai te tahi fakamahino foʼou ʼo te ʼifeli. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te nusipepa ʼaē neʼe tou talanoa kiai ki muʼa atu: “ ʼE kei fia tui te hahaʼi ki te akonaki māhani ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼifeli, . . . kae kua kamata hā te ʼu manatu foʼou ʼo te tautea ʼi he koga meʼa ʼe lāvaki pea ʼe mole lelei, pea ʼe ʼui ko te ʼifeli ʼe mole vela fau.”
ʼE ʼui fēnei e te sulunale Sutea La Civiltà Cattolica: “ ʼE hala . . . te manatu ʼaē ʼe ina ʼui ko te ʼAtua ʼe ina fakaʼaogaʼi te kau temonio moʼo fakamamahiʼi he tahi ʼi te afi.” ʼE ina toe ʼui fēnei: “ ʼE ʼi ai te ʼifeli, pea ʼe mole ko he koga meʼa kae ko he ʼaluʼaga ʼo he tahi ʼe nofo mamahi heʼe kua mamaʼo mai te ʼAtua.” Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te Tuʼi Tapu ko Soane Paulo 2 ʼi te taʼu 1999: “Ko te ʼifeli ʼe mole ko he koga meʼa, kae ʼe faka ʼuhiga ki te hahaʼi ʼaē kua nātou filifili ke nātou mavae ʼosi mai te ʼAtua, ia te matapuna ʼo te meʼa maʼuli fuli pea mo te fiafia.” ʼO ʼuhiga mo te ʼu paki ʼaē ʼe pena ai te ʼifeli ohage ko he koga meʼa ʼe ulo ai he afi, neʼe ina ʼui fēnei: “ ʼE nātou maʼuli hoha ʼaupito pea ʼe mole he ʼuhiga ʼo tonatou maʼuli ʼi tanatou mamaʼo mai te ʼAtua.” ʼE ʼui e te tagata tohi hisitolia ko Martin Marty, kanapaula neʼe ʼui e te tuʼi tapu ko te ʼifeli ʼe “ko he afi kakaha pea ʼe nofo ai te tevolo mo tona kofu kula pea mo tana lou, ʼe mole tui anai te hahaʼi kiai.”
Neʼe fai te tahi ʼu fetogi feiā ʼi te tahi ʼu lotu. Neʼe ʼui fēnei e te komite ʼo te ʼu akonaki ʼo te ’Ēkelesia ʼo Pilitania: “Ko te ʼifeli ʼe mole ko he fakamamahi heʼegata, kae ko te filifili ʼāteaina ʼo he faʼahiga maʼuli ʼe fakafeagai mālohi ki te ʼAtua, pea ko tona puleʼaki pe e tahi ʼe ko te mate.”
ʼE ʼui ʼi te fai kapite ʼo te ’Ēkelesia épiscopalienne ʼi Amelika, ko te ʼifeli “ ʼe ko te mate heʼegata he neʼe tou situʼa ki te ʼAtua.” ʼE ʼui e te U.S.News & World Report, ko te tokolahi ʼe nātou lagolago ki te manatu ʼaē “ko te fakaʼosi ʼo te kau agakovi ʼe ko he fakaʼauha, kae mole ko he fakamamahi heʼegata. . . . [ʼE nātou] ʼui ko te hahaʼi ʼaē ʼe nātou situʼa katoa ki te ʼAtua, ʼe mole nātou maʼuʼuli anai ʼi te ‘ afi kakaha’ ʼo te ʼifeli.”
Logola ʼi te temi nei ʼe fakafisi te hahaʼi ki te manatu ʼaē ko te ʼifeli ʼe tutu ai te afi pea mo te sufe, kae kei tokolahi te hahaʼi ʼaē kei nātou faka tui ko te ʼifeli ʼe ko he koga meʼa fakamamahi. ʼE ʼui fēnei e Albert Mohler ʼo te Southern Baptist Theological Seminary ʼo Louisville, ʼi Kentucky, ʼi Amelika: “ ʼE fakahā lelei e te Tohi-Tapu ko te ʼifeli ʼe ko he afi fakamamahi.” Pea ʼe ʼui fēnei e The Nature of Hell, ʼaē neʼe tohi e te Evangelical Alliance Commission: “Ko te ʼifeli, ʼe ko he mahino ʼa he tahi kua līaki ia ia pea mo fakamamahiʼi. . . . ʼE lahi te ʼu tūʼa kehekehe pea mo te ʼu fakamamahi ʼaē ʼe fai ʼi te ʼifeli, ʼo mulimuli pe ki te ʼu agahala mamafa ʼaē neʼe fai ʼi te kele.”
Koia, ko te ʼifeli ʼe ko he koga meʼa koa ʼe fakamamahiʼi heʼegata ai tatou peʼe fakaʼauha ai tatou? Peʼe faka ʼuhiga pe koa ki hatatou mamaʼo mai te ʼAtua? Koteā te ʼifeli?
[Talanoa ʼo te pasina 4]
Ko He Fakamatala Fakanounou ʼo Te ʼIfeli
KO TE temi fea ʼaē neʼe fakaʼaogaʼi ai te akonaki ʼo te ʼifeli e nātou ʼaē neʼe nātou lau ko te kau Kilisitiano? ʼI te ʼosi mate ʼo Sesu Kilisito pea mo tana kau ʼapositolo. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te tohi Fakafalani ko te Encyclopædia Universalis: “Ko te tohi ʼo te Apokalipesi ʼa Petelo (lua sēkulō ʼo totatou temi) neʼe ko te ʼuluaki tohi faka Kilisitiano ʼaia [neʼe hilifaki ki te Tohi-Tapu] moʼo fakamahinohino te tautea pea mo te ʼu fakamamahi ʼaē ʼe fai ki te kau agahala ʼi te ʼifeli.”
Kae ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼifeli, neʼe mole felogoi te ʼu ʼuluaki Tāmai ʼo Te ’Ēkelesia. Ko Justin, mo Clément ʼo Alexandrie, mo Tertullien, pea mo Cyprien neʼe nātou tui ko te ʼifeli neʼe ko te koga meʼa ʼe tutu ai he afi. Ko Origène pea mo te tagata fai teolosia ko Grégoire ʼo Nysse, neʼe nā tui ko te ʼifeli ʼe ko tatatou fakamamaʼo mai te ʼAtua—pea ʼe ko he fakamamahi fakalaumālie. Tahi ʼaē meʼa, neʼe ʼui e Augustin ʼo Hippone, ko te ʼifeli ʼe ko he mamahi ʼi te faʼahi fakasino—pea ko he manatu neʼe tali e te hahaʼi fuli. Neʼe tohi fēnei e te tagata Polofesea ko J.N.D. Kelly: “ ʼI te nima sēkulō, neʼe kua mafola mālohi te akonaki fefeka ʼaē ʼe mole fakagafua anai ki te hahaʼi agahala ke nātou toe maʼuʼuli ʼi te kele mokā nātou mamate, pea ʼe ulo tuʼumaʼu anai te afi ʼaē ka ina fakamamahiʼi nātou.”
ʼI te 16 sēkulō, neʼe mahino ki te ʼu tagata takitaki Polotesita ko Martin Luther pea mo Jean Calvin, ʼe ko he ʼaluʼaga fakatātā ia te fakamamahiʼi ʼi te ʼifeli kakaha, heʼe ko he fakamamaʼo heʼegata mai te ʼAtua. Kae ʼe toe maʼu te akonaki ʼo te ʼifeli kakaha ʼi te ʼu sēkulō e lua ki muli age. Ko te tagata fai faka mafola Polotesita ko Jonathan Edwards, ʼaki tana ʼu fakamatala ki te ʼifeli, neʼe ina fakamatakuʼi te ʼu loto ʼo te kau Amelika ʼo te 18 sēkulō.
Kae mole faʼa fualoa kiai, pea puli māmālie te akonaki ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼifeli kakaha. ʼE ʼui fēnei e te U.S.News & World Report: “Neʼe kua hage pe ʼi te 20 sēkulō, kua pulinoa te akonaki ʼo ʼuhiga mo te ʼifeli.”
[Paki]
Neʼe tui ia Justin ko te ʼifeli neʼe ko he koga meʼa kakaha
Neʼe akoʼi e Augustin ʼo Hippone ko te ʼu mamahi ʼi te ʼifeli ʼe fakalaumālie pea mo fakasino