UCoverdale NeBhayibhile Epheleleyo YesiNgesi Yokuqala Ukushicilelwa
IBHAYIBHILE yokuqala epheleleyo yesiNgesi ukushicilelwa ayizange ilichaze igama lomntu owayiguqulelayo. Igama lakhe yayinguMiles Coverdale, yaye inguqulelo yakhe yaveliswa ngowe-1535. Ngelo xesha umhlobo wakhe uWilliam Tyndale wayesentolongweni ngenxa yegalelo lakhe ekuguqulelweni kweBhayibhile. UTyndale wabulawa kunyaka olandelayo.
Inxalenye yenguqulelo kaCoverdale yayicatshulwe kuphando olwalwenziwe nguTyndale. Kwenzeka njani ukuba ishicilelwe inguqulelo kaCoverdale aze yena angabulawa, ngoxa bona abanye abaguquleli bexesha lakhe baye babulawa? Yintoni eyaphunyezwa nguCoverdale ngale nguqulelo?
Imbewu Iye Yahlwayelwa
UMiles Coverdale wazalelwa eYorkshire, ENgilani, malunga nowe-1488. Wafunda kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge waza wangumfundisi waseRoma ongumKatolika ngowe-1514. Umdla wakhe kuhlaziyo wavuselelwa nguRobert Barnes, owayengumhlohli wakhe. UBarnes wabhacela eYurophu ngowe-1528. Emva kweminyaka elishumi elinesibini lo Mhlaziyi watshiselwa esibondeni ziinkokeli zezakwalizwi.
Ngowe-1528, uCoverdale wayeqalise ukushumayela ecaweni nxamnye nokunqula kwamaKatolika umfanekiso ongekhoyo ezibhalweni, ukuvunywa kwezono nedini leMisa. Ekubeni ubomi bakhe babusesichengeni, wasaba Engilani wabhacela eYurophu, apho wachitha iminyaka emalunga nesixhenxe.
UCoverdale wahlala noWilliam Tyndale EHamburg, eJamani. Basebenza kunye ukuze bavelise iBhayibhile eyayinokufundwa ngabantu. Ngelo xesha, uCoverdale wafunda lukhulu kuTyndale ngobuchule bokuguqulela iBhayibhile.
Ixesha Lokutshintsha
Ngelo xesha, kwakubhudla umoya weenguqu Engilani. Ngowe-1534, uKumkani uHenry VIII walinyhasha igunya likaPopu wamaKatolika eRoma. Kwakhona wayefuna ukuba iBhayibhile ifumaneke ebantwini ngesiNgesi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, uCoverdale waqalisa lo msebenzi. UCoverdale wayeyincutshe yokuthetha isiNgesi, kodwa wayengazazi ezinye iilwimi njengomhlobo nekhankatha lakhe, uTyndale, owayesazi isiHebhere nesiGrike. UCoverdale wayihlaziya inguqulelo kaTyndale, eguqulela ngokusuka kwinguqulelo yesiLatin nesiJamani.
IBhayibhile kaCoverdale yashicilelwa eYurophu ngowe-1535, unyaka ongaphambi kokubulawa kukaTyndale. Yayithetha ngentlonelo ngoKumkani uHenry imtyibela. UCoverdale wamqinisekisa uHenry ukuba le Bhayibhile yayingenayo imibhalo esemazantsi kaTyndale, eyayingathandwa kuba, yayithetha ngeemfundiso ezingekho ngokwezibhalo zeCawa yamaRoma Katolika. UHenry wavuma ukuba mayipapashwe le Bhayibhile. Izinto zazitshintshile.
IBhayibhile kaCoverdale yaphinda yavela izintlelo ezimbini ngowe-1537, ezashicilelwa Engilani. Kwangalo nyaka, kwashicilelwa uhlelo olubizwa ngokuba yiMatthew’s Bible, eAntwerp, edibanisa umsebenzi kaTyndale nokaCoverdale, wamkelwa nguKumkani uHenry.
Iphakathi eliphambili likakumkani, uThomas Cromwell, exhaswa nguCranmer, uBhishopu Omkhulu waseCanterbury, wabona kufanelekile ukuba kuhlaziywe inguqulelo kaMatthew. Wacela uCoverdale ukuba ayihlaziye. UKumkani uHenry wagunyazisa olu hlelo lutsha ngowe-1539 waza wayioda—wayibeka kuzo zonke iicawa ukuze ifundelwe abantu—ebizwa ngokuba yiGreat Bible ngenxa yobukhulu bayo. Bonke abantu bayivuyela.
Igama Awazenzela Lona UCoverdale
Emva kokufa kukaHenry VIII nokungena kukaEdward VI ezihlangwini zakhe, uCoverdale wamiselwa ukuba abe ngubhishopu wase-Exeter ngowe-1551. Noko ke, xa uMary uKumkanikazi womKatolika wangena ezihlangwini zikaEdward ngowe-1553, uCoverdale wasabela eDenmark. Kamva wafudukela eSwitzerland, apho waqhubeka khona nomsebenzi wakhe. Waphinda wapapasha iintlelo ezintathu zesiNgesi ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba “yiTestamente Entsha,” neencwadi zesiLatini zokunceda abafundisi xa befunda.
Into eyayingalindelekanga kule Bhayibhile kaCoverdale kukushiyelelwa kwegama likaThixo “elinguYehova.” UTyndale wasebenzisa igama likaThixo izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwama-20 kwinguqulelo yakhe yeZibhalo zesiHebhere. Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Coverdale and His Bibles, uJ. F. Mozley uthi: “Ngowe-1535 uCoverdale waligatya igama elithi [Yehova].” Kodwa walibhala izihlandlo ezithathu igama likaYehova kwiBhayibhile Enkulu.
Noko ke, iBhayibhile kaCoverdale yiBhayibhile yokuqala ngqa yesiNgesi ukuba ibe neTetragrammaton—oonobumba abane besiHebhere abamela igama likaThixo. Kuyacaca ukuba, yaba yiBhayibhile yokuqala ukuzibeka zodwa iincwadi ezingaphefumlelwanga kunokuba zifakwe phakathi kwezinye iincwadi zeZibhalo zesiHebhere.
Amanye amabinzana namagama awayesetyenziswa nguCoverdale aye asetyenziswa nangabaguquleli abalandela emva kwakhe. Ngokomzekelo ibinzana elithi “kwintlambo yethunzi elimnyama” kwiNdumiso 23, vesi 4 laqanjwa nguye. UNjingalwazi S. L. Greenslade uthi igama elithi “ububele bothando” kuvesi 6, “ligama elikhethekileyo kuba lahlula uthando analo uThixo ngabantu bakhe kuthando nje oluqhelekileyo nokuba nenceba.” Inguqulelo Yehlabathi Elitsha YeZibhalo Ezingcwele—Eneembekiselo isebenzisa kwaeli gama, nombhalo osemazantsi: “Okanye ‘uthando olunyanisekileyo.’”
IThe Bibles of England ithi iGreat Bible kaCoverdale “yayiyingqokelela yeenguqulelo zesiNgesi . . . ukususela ngexesha uTyndale awaqalisa ngalo ukuguqulela iTestamente Entsha.” Yinguqulelo kaCoverdale eyanceda amaNgesi exesha lakhe ukuba abe neBhayibhile.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 11]
ITetragrammaton, ekhohlo, kwiphepha elisekuqaleni lohlelo lowe-1537
[Inkcazelo]
Photo source: From the book The Holy Scriptures of the Olde and Newe Testamente With the Apocripha nguMyles Coverdale
[Inkcazelo Ngomfanekiso okwiphepha 10]
Kwincwadi ethi Our English Bible: Iinguqulelo nabaguquleli bayo