Isahluko 4
Ukufunwa Kongaziwayo Ngokusebenzisa Umlingo Nokusebenzelana Nemimoya
1. Yintoni uPawulos awayixelela abemi baseAtene eAreyopago? Ngoba?
“MADODA aseAtene, ndiyabona ukuba ezintweni zonke nincamisile ukuhlonela izithixo.” (IZenzo 17:22) Oku koko umpostile uPawulos ongumKristu wakuxelela isihlwele esasihlanganisene eAreyopago, okanye kwiNduli kaMars, kwisixeko samandulo saseAtene, eGrisi. UPawulos wathetha loo mazwi ngenxa yokuba ngaphambilana wayebonile ukuba loo “mzi uzizithixo kuphela.” (IZenzo 17:16) Wayebone ntoni?
2. Yintoni eyayibonisa ukuba abemi baseAtene babezoyika izithixo?
2 Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, uPawulos wayebone oothixo abahlukahlukeneyo bamaGrike nabamaRoma kweso sixeko sihambele phambili kwezempucuko, ibe yayicace nakuthathatha into yokuba abantu balapho babebunikele bonke ubomi babo ekunquleni izithixo. Besoyika ukuba mhlawumbi kwenzeke ngempazamo bakutyeshele ukuhlonela nasiphi na isithixo esibalulekileyo okanye esinamandla ebesinokuthi ngenxa yoko sifutheke ngumsindo, abemi baseAtene bade baquka ‘Uthixo Ongaziwayo’ kunqulo lwabo. (IZenzo 17:23) Oko kwakukubonisa ngokucacileyo ukoyika kwabo izithixo.
3. Ngaba ukoyika izithixo kwakupheleliselwe kubemi baseAtene?
3 Kambe ke, ukoyika izithixo, ngokukodwa ezingaziwayo, akupheleliselwanga kubemi baseAtene benkulungwane yokuqala. Kangangamawaka eminyaka, olo loyiko luye lwalongamela phantse lonke uluntu. Kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, phantse nkalo nganye yobomi babantu ibandakanya ngokungqalileyo okanye ngokungangqalanga ukunqula izithixo okanye imimoya. Njengoko sesibonile kwisahluko esandulelayo, iintsomi zamaYiputa, zamaGrike, zamaRoma, zamaTshayina nezezinye izizwe zamandulo zazisekelwe ngokunzulu kwiingcamango ezingoothixo nemimoya, ntsomi ezo ezaba nendima ebalulekileyo kwimicimbi yobuqu neyesizwe. Ebudeni bamaXesha Aphakathi, amabali angabantu abenza izifundo zomlingo, angabakhafuli, nangamagqwirha ayexhaphakile kuwo wonke ummandla weNgqobhoko. Ibe kusenjalo nanamhlanje.
Izithethe Neenkolo Namhlanje
4. Ngawaphi amanye amasiko athandwayo ekubonakala ukuba anento yokwenza nezithixo okanye imimoya?
4 Enoba abantu bayakuqonda oko okanye abakuqondi, izinto ezininzi abazenzayo zinxibelelene noqheliselo lweenkolo okanye iinkolelo, zimbi zazo ezinokuthanani nezithixo okanye imimoya. Ngokomzekelo, ubusazi na ukuba ukubhiyozela usuku lokuzalwa kunemvelaphi yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, okulwenza lubaluleke kakhulu usuku oluchanileyo ubani azalwa ngalo? Kuthekani ngekeyiki yosuku lokuzalwa? Kubonakala ukuba inento yokwenza nothixokazi wamaGrike uArtemis, osuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwabhiyozelwa ngekeyiki eyenziwe ngobusi emile okwenyanga yaza yafakwa amakhandlela. Okanye ngaba ubusazi ukuba ntlandlolo ukunxiba iimpahla ezimnyama emingcwabeni kwakuliqhinga lokuphepha ukutsala ingqalelo yemimoya emibi ekwakusithiwa yayithanda ukuncathama kwizihlandlo ezinjalo? Bambi abantu abantsundu baseAfrika baziqaba imbola emhlophe, yaye abantu abazilayo bamanye amazwe banxiba iimpahla ezinemibala engaqhelekanga ukuze imimoya ingabaqondi.
5. Ziziphi ezinye iinkolo eziqhelekileyo ozaziyo?
5 Ngaphandle kwala masiko athandwayo, abantu kuyo yonke indawo baneenkolo zabo nezinto abazoyikayo. ENtshona, ukwaphula isipili, ukubona ikati emnyama, ukuhamba ngaphantsi kweleli, yaye, ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo ohlala kuyo, uLwesibini okanye uLwesihlanu womhla we-13, zonke ezi zinto zigqalwa zinjengemihlola exela ukuba kukho into embi eza kwenzeka. EMpuma, amaJapan anxiba imiwunduzo ebizwa ngokuba yikimono elithi icala layo langasekhohlo libhinqelwe ngaphezu kwelangasekunene, kuba elangasekunene libhinqelwa ngaphezu kwelangasekhohlo xa kusongelwe izidumbu. Izindlu zawo zakhiwa ngendlela yokuba iifestile okanye iingcango zingajongi ngasemntla-mpuma ukuze iidemon, ekuthiwa ziza ngakwelo cala, zingakwazi ukungena. KwiiPhilippines, abantu bakhulula izihlangu zabafileyo baze bazibeke ecaleni kwemilenze yabo ngaphambi kokubangcwaba khon’ ukuze “iNgcwele” uPetros ibe nokubamkela. Abantu abakhulileyo baxelela abasebatsha ukuba baziphathe kakuhle ngokubabonisa ukuba umfanekiso womntu osenyangeni ‘yiNgcwele’ uMikayeli, owondele nobhala phantsi imisebenzi yabo.
6. Abantu babandakanyeke ukusa kuwuphi umkhamo ekusebenzelaneni nemimoya namhlanje?
6 Noko ke, ukukholelwa kwimimoya nakwizithixo, akupheleliselwanga kumasiko nakwiinkolo ezibonakala zingenabungozi. Kwibutho labantu bakudala nelanamhla, abantu baye babhenela ekusebenziseni iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuze balawule okanye baxolise imimoya eyoyikekayo baze bathandwe yileyo ilungileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, sisenokucinga kuqala ngabantu abahlala kwiintshinyela zamahlathi asemagqagaleni nasezintabeni abathi xa begula okanye beneengxaki ezinzulu baye kwabaneshologu, emaxhweleni, nakumashaman (abefundisi bomlingo). Kodwa kwanabantu abahlala kwizixeko ezikhulu nakwezincinane bayaya kubavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi, kubantu abakwaziyo ukuthetha nabafileyo, kubaxeli bethamsanqa, nakoosiyazi ukuze babuzise ngekamva okanye bafumane uncedo ekwenzeni izigqibo ezibalulekileyo. Bambi, nangona bezibabaza bengabonqulo oluthile, bazibandakanya ngokunzulu kuqheliselo olunjalo. Abanye abaninzi baye bakwenza ukusebenzelana nemimoya, umlingo nobugqwirha bomlingo kwaba lunqulo lwabo.
7. Yiyiphi imibuzo ekufuneka siyiqwalasele?
7 Uyintoni umthombo okanye imvelaphi yalo lonke olu qheliselo neenkolo? Ngaba ziindlela nje ezahlukeneyo zokusondela kuThixo? Yaye okona kubalulekileyo kukuba, zibenzela ntoni abo bazisebenzisayo? Ukuze sifumane iimpendulo kule mibuzo, simele sihlolisise imbali yomntu size sifumane amavandlakanya athile ngeendlela ababenqula ngazo ntlandlolo.
Ukuqondwa Kongaziwayo
8. Ziziphi iimpawu ezikhethekileyo ezenza ukuba abantu bahluke kwizidalwa ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi?
8 Ngokwahlukileyo koko oonondaleko basenokukutsho, umntu unomlinganiselo othile wotyekelo lokomoya olumenza ahluke okanye abe ngaphezulu kunezidalwa ezikumgangatho ongaphantsi. Uzalwa enomnqweno wokuqonda okungaziwayo. Engqondweni yakhe usoloko ejikajikana nemibuzo enjengale: Iyintoni intsingiselo yobomi? Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba ubani efile? Luyintoni ulwalamano lomntu nehlabathi yaye, enyanisweni, nendalo iphela? Kwakhona uphenjelelwa ngumnqweno wokufumana okuthile okungaphezu kwakhe okanye okunamandla ngakumbi kunaye ukuze kulawule imekobume akuyo nobomi bakhe.—INdumiso 8:3, 4; INtshumayeli 3:11; IZenzo 17:26-28.
9. Omnye umphengululi uluchaza njani “utyekelo lokomoya”?
9 Kwincwadi yakhe ethi Man, God and Magic uIvar Lissner ukuchaza oku ngale ndlela: “Ubani unokumangaliswa kuphela yindlela athe umntu wazabalaza ngayo, ukutyhubela imbali yakhe, ukuze aqonde oko angakwaziyo. Akazange nanini na asebenzise amandla akhe kuphela nje ekuqondeni izinto eziyimfuneko ebomini. Ebesoloko ephanda, ephuthaphutha ngokubhekele phaya, efuna ukuqonda ngezinto ezingaziwayo. Lo mnqweno ongaqhelekanga nongowemvelo emntwini ulutyekelo lwakhe lokomoya.”
10. Yintoni ebonisa ukuba umntu unomnqweno ongokwemvelo wokufuna uThixo?
10 Kambe ke, abo bangakholelwayo kuThixo abayijongi imicimbi kanye ngaloo ndlela. Ngokuqhelekileyo bathi olu tyekelo loluntu lubangelwa ziintswelo zomntu, ezingokwengqondo yakhe okanye ezezinye izinto, njengoko sibonile kwiSahluko 2. Phofu ke, ngaba asingomava ethu aqhelekileyo ukuba xa sijamelene nengozi okanye sijamelene nemeko yokuphelelwa lithemba, inkoliso yabantu ibhenela kuqala kuThixo okanye kwigunya elithile eliphakamileyo ukuze ifumane uncedo? Oku kunjalo namhlanje njengokuba kwakunjalo nakumaxesha adluleyo. Ngaloo ndlela, lo kaLissner wahlabela mgama esithi: “Akukho bani oye wenza uphando ngabantu bamhlamnene onokungayazi into yokuba babebuqonda ubukho bukaThixo, kwanokuba babeqonda ukuba kwakukho umntu owongamileyo.”
11. Uyintoni umphumo wemigudu yomntu yokufuna ukuqonda izinto ezingaziwayo? (Thelekisa abaseRoma 1:19-23.)
11 Indlela abazabalazela ngayo ukwanelisa loo mnqweno wokwemvelo wokufuna ukuqonda izinto abangazaziyo oko kwakungumbandela nje owahluke mpela. Abazingeli nabelusi ababesihla benyuka babewoyika amandla amarhamncwa asendle. Abalimi babekuqonda kakuhle ukuguquka kwemozulu nokwamaxesha onyaka. Abantu ababehlala kwiintshinyela zamahlathi babevakalelwa ngendlela eyahluke mpela kweyabantu abaphila entlango okanye ezintabeni. Ngenxa yolu loyiko neentswelo ezahlukahlukeneyo, abantu bavelisa iindidi ngeendidi zoqheliselo lonqulo ezidida ingqondo ababenethemba lokuba ngazo babenokucela uncedo koothixo abalungileyo baze baxolelaniswe nabo baboyikayo.
12. Ziziphi iinkalo eziqhelekileyo ezinokubonwa kwiindidi zoqheliselo lonqulo olwenziwa ngabantu kuyo yonke indawo?
12 Noko ke, nangona zahlukahlukene kakhulu ezi ndidi zoqheliselo lonqulo, zineenkalo ezithile eziphawulekayo ezifana ngazo. Ezinye zezi nkalo kukuhlonela nokoyika imimoya engcwele namandla angaphezu kwawemvelo, ukusetyenziswa komlingo, ukuxela ikamva ngokwenza imiqondiso ethile nemihlola, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, neenkqubo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokuxela ithamsanqa. Njengoko sihlolisisa ezi nkalo, siza kubona ukuba ziye zanendima eyintloko ekuxonxeni ingcamango engokonqulo yabantu behlabathi ukutyhubela izizukulwana, kuquka neyabantu banamhlanje.
Imimoya Engcwele Namandla Angaphezu Kwawemvelo
13. Yintoni ekumelwe ukuba yayibadida abantu kumaxesha amandulo?
13 Kubonakala ukuba ubomi babantu kumaxesha amandulo babuzaliswe ziimfihlelo. Babesoloko bebona iziganeko ezingachazekiyo nezidida ingqondo. Ngokomzekelo, babengawuqondi unobangela wokuba umntu ongumqabaqaba asuke agule ngequbuliso, okanye isizathu sokuba isibhakabhaka singanisi mvula ngexesha lonyaka edla ngokuna ngalo, okanye unobangela wokuba umthi ovuthuluke amagqabi, nobonakala ungaphili, ujika ube luhlaza uze ubonakale uphila ngokupheleleyo ngexesha elithile lonyaka. Kwanesithunzi sikabani, ukubetha kwentliziyo yakhe, nokuphefumla kwakhe kwakuyimfihlelo.
14, 15. Ngenxa yokuswela ukuqonda nolwalathiso, ngokunokwenzeka abantu bazigqala njani iziganeko eziyimfihlelo? (Thelekisa eyoku-1 kaSamuweli 28:3-7.)
14 Ekubeni umntu enotyekelo lwemvelo lokufuna izinto zokomoya, kwakukokwemvelo ukuba ezi zinto neziganeko eziziimfihlelo azigqale njengezibangelwa ngamandla angaphezu kwawemvelo. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuswela ulwalathiso nokuqonda okufanelekileyo, ngokukhawuleza ihlabathi awayephila kulo lazaliswa yimiphefumlo, yimimoya, ziziporho naziidemon. Ngokomzekelo, amaIndiya angama-Algonquian akuMntla Merika awubiza umphefumlo womntu ngokuthi otahchuk, gama elo elithetha “isithunzi sakhe,” ibe amaMalay aseMzantsi-mpuma Asiya athi akholelwa ekubeni xa umntu esifa, umphefumlo wakhe uphuma ngamathatha akhe. Namhlanje, inkolelo kwimimoya nakwimiphefumlo ephumayo—namalinge okunxibelelana nayo ngandlel’ ithile—phantse ibe ikho emhlabeni jikelele.
15 Kwangendlela efanayo, ezinye izinto eziyinxalenye yendalo—ilanga, inyanga, iinkwenkwezi, iilwandlekazi, imilambo, iintaba—zazibonakala zinjengeziphilayo nezinokuba nempembelelo ethile kwimisebenzi yabantu. Ekubeni ezi zinto zazibonakala ziphila kwihlathi lazo zodwa, zaye zajongwa njengabantu abayimimoya nabangoothixo, bambi babo belungile yaye benokuzisa uncedo, abanye bengendawo yaye benobungozi. Ukunqulwa kwezinto ezidaliweyo kwaba yinto ebalaseleyo phantse kuzo zonke iinkonzo.
16. Lwabonakaliswa njani unqulo lwemimoya, lwezithixo nolwezinto ezingcwele?
16 Sinokuzifumana iinkolelo ezilolu hlobo kwiinkonzo zalo phantse ngalinye ilizwe lamandulo elalihambele phambili kwezempucuko. Abemi baseBhabhiloni nabaseYiputa babenqula oothixo babo belanga, benyanga nabeenkwenkwezi. Izilwanyana namarhamncwa asendle ayephakathi kwezinto ababezihlonela. AmaHindu aphawulwa ngetempile yawo yezithixo, ezifikelela kwizigidi ngezigidi. AmaTshayina ebesoloko eneentaba zawo ezingcwele noothixo bawo bemilambo, ibe abonisa ukuhlonela kwawo abazali ngokunqula iminyanya. Abalandeli bonqulo lobuDruid abakwiziQithana zaseBritani babeyigqala imithi yom-oki njengengcwele, yaye babeyihlonela ngokukhethekileyo indembu ekhula kum-oki. Kamva, amaGrike namaRoma nawo aba nenxaxheba kwezi nkolelo; yaye inkolelo yemimoya, yezithixo, yemiphefumlo, yeedemon neyezinto ezingcwele zalo lonke uhlobo yendela ngokuqinileyo.
17. Yiyiphi indlela ezinqulwa ngayo namhlanje izinto ezidaliweyo?
17 Nangona bambi babantu banamhlanje besenokuzijonga zonke ezo nkolelo njengeenkolo, ezi ngcamango zisafumaneka kuqheliselo lweenkonzo zabantu abaninzi ehlabathini jikelele. Bambi basakholelwa ukuba iintaba ezithile, imilambo, amawa amile ngendlela engaqhelekanga, imithi yakudala, nentlaninge yezinye izinto zingcwele, yaye bayazinqula. Bakha izibingelelo, izindlu zeenkonzo, neetempile kwezi ndawo. Ngokomzekelo, uMlambo iGanges ungcwele kumaHindu, anolangazelelo olukhulu lokuhlamba kuwo ngoxa esaphila luze uthuthu lwemizimba yawo etshisiweyo lusasazwe kuwo emva kokuba efile. AmaBhuda akugqala njengamava akhethekileyo ukunqula kwitempile eseBuddh Gaya, eIndiya, apho kuthiwa uBuddha wafumana khona ukhanyiselo phantsi komthi ibodhi. AmaKatolika afika aguqe ngamadolo kwiSakhiwo Secawa SeNenekazi Lethu saseGuadalupe eMexico okanye ahlambe kumanzi “angcwele” kwitempile eseLourdes, eFransi, xa efuna ukuphiliswa ngokungummangaliso. Ukuhlonelwa kwezinto ezidaliweyo kunoMdali kusaqheliselwa ngamandla nanamhlanje.—Roma 1:25.
Ukuvela Komlingo
18. Ukukholelwa kwimimoya nakwizithixo kwakhokelela entwenini?
18 Yakuba nje imiselwe inkolelo yokuba ihlabathi ekungekho zinto ziphilayo kulo lalizaliswe yimimoya, elungileyo nemibi, yakhokelela ngokulula kwinqanaba elilandelayo—amalinge okunxibelelana naleyo ilungileyo ukuze kufunyanwe ulwalathiso neentsikelelo nokuze kungxengxezwe kwemibi. Oko kwaphumela kuqheliselo lomlingo, oluye lwesamela phantse kuhlanga ngalunye lwamandulo nolwanamhlanje.—Genesis 41:8; Eksodus 7:11, 12; Duteronomi 18:9-11, 14; Isaya 47:12-15; IZenzo 8:5, 9-13; 13:6-11; 19:18, 19.
19. (a) Uyintoni umlingo? (b) Kutheni le nto umlingo ubonakala ukholeleka kubantu abaninzi?
19 Ngokwengqiqo yawo esisiseko, umlingo ulilinge lokulawula okanye lokunyanzela amandla endalo okanye angaphezu kwawemvelo ukuba enze oko kufunwa ngumntu. Ekubeni babengabazi oonobangela bokwenene beziganeko ezininzi zemihla ngemihla, abantu bebutho lamandulo babekholelwa ukuba ukucengcelezwa kwamazwi athile omlingo, okanye ukwenziwa kwezithethe ezithile, kwakunokuphumela kwinto ethile ebinqwenelwa. Isizathu sokuba abantu bakholelwe kolu hlobo lomlingo sasikukuba ezinye zezo zithethe zasebenza ngokoqobo. Ngokomzekelo, kuye kwabikwa ukuba amaxhwele—ngokusisiseko abantu abasebenzisa umlingo okanye abakhafuli—ahlala kwiziQithi zeMentawai kwintshona yeSumatra ayephumelela ngokumangalisayo ekuphiliseni abantu ababehanjiswa sisisu. Inkqubo yawo yokwenza umlingo yayikukuyalela abo bagulayo ukuba bacambalale ngezisu kufutshane nongqameko lweliwa baze bakhothe umhlaba amaxesha ngamaxesha. Yintoni eyayisenza ukuba oku kusebenze? Umhlaba osemaweni unekaolin, udongwe olumhlophe olusetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kumayeza athile anamhlanje esisu esihambisayo.
20. Kwenzeka njani ukuba umlingo ulawule ubomi babantu?
20 Imilingo embalwa eyaphumelelayo yayibhangisa ngokukhawuleza yonke leyo ingaphumelelanga yaza yabazisela udumo abo babeyenza. Kamsinya baba ngabantu abahlonelwayo nabaxatyisiweyo—abefundisi, iinkosi, abefundisi bomlingo, amaxhwele, amagqirha, nabaneshologu. Abantu beza kubo neengxaki zabo, ezinjengokuphilisa nokuthintela izifo, ukufumana izinto ezilahlekileyo, ukubona amasela, ukuthintela impembelelo yomoya ombi, nokuziphindezela. Ekugqibeleni kwabakho uthotho loqheliselo lweenkolo nezithethe ezinokuthanani nale mibandela kwanezinye iziganeko ebomini, njengokuzala, ukukhula, ukugana, ukutshata, ukufa nokungcwatywa. Ngokukhawuleza amandla nemfihlelo yomlingo yalawula nkalo nganye yobomi babantu.
Imixhentso Noomabophe Bokunisa Imvula
21, 22. Kuthethwa ukuthiwani ngebinzana elithi “umlingo wokulinganisa”? Zekelisa.
21 Phezu kwabo nje ubukho beendidi ezininzi ezahlukahlukeneyo zoqheliselo lomlingo kubantu abahlukeneyo, iingcamango zazo ezisisiseko zifana ngendlela ephawulekayo. Okokuqala, kukho ingcamango yokuba into ivelisa enye into ekwafana nayo, oko kukuthi into oyinqwenelayo unokuyivelisa ngokwenza into efana nayo. Oku maxa wambi kubizwa ngokuba ngumlingo wokulinganisa. Ngokomzekelo, xa ukunqaba kwemvula kwakuza konakalisa isivuno sawo, amaIndiya angamaOmaha akuMntla Merika axhentsa ejikeleza isitya esinamanzi. Wandula omnye wawo wasela intwana yaloo manzi waza wawatshica emoyeni elinganisa ukufefa okanye ukuchaphaza kwemvula. Okanye indoda inokuziqengqa emhlabeni njengebhere eyenzakeleyo nto leyo eqinisekisa ukuba iya kuphumelela ekuzingeleni kwayo iibhere.
22 Abanye abantu babenezithethe ezineenkcukacha ezingakumbi, eziquka iingoma neminikelo. AmaTshayina ayethabatha iphepha elikhulu okanye igongqongqo elenziwe ngomthi, elifuzisela uthixo wawo wemvula, aze amatshe ezitratweni ehamba ebonisa ngalo, okanye ayethabatha umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wesithixo sawo etempileni aze awugqatse ngelanga ukuze ufudumale uze mhlawumbi unise imvula. Isithethe sabeNguni abakwiMpuma Afrika siquka ukugalela umqombothi kwimbiza egqunywa ngomhlaba kwitempile yokuthandazela imvula aze ke athandaze esithi, “Nkosi Khawuta, uyenze lukhuni intliziyo yakho ngakuthi, ufuna ukuba sikwenzele ntoni? Ngokwenene sifanelwe kukutshabalala. Nceda unisele abantwana bakho imvula, naso isichenene esikunika sona.” Bandula ke basele umqombothi oseleyo. Emva koko ke bahlabela ingoma baze baxhentse bandule ke bathi nkxu amasebe emanzini bafefe ngawo.
23. Ubugqwirha nokubopha ngoomabophe kwavela njani? (Thelekisa iLevitikus 19:31; 20:6, 27; Duteronomi 18:10-13.)
23 Enye ingcamango ekhoyo kuqheliselo lomlingo yeyokuba izinto zomntu othile ziyaqhubeka zinempembelelo kuye kwanasemva kokuba zahlukanisiwe naye. Oku kwakhokelela kuqheliselo lokubopha ubani ngoomabophe ngokusebenzisa into eyayikhe yaba yeyaloo mntu. Kwanangenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17 eYurophu naseNgilane, abantu babesakholelwa kumagqwirha awayenokwenzakalisa abantu ngokusebenzisa olu hlobo lwamandla. Ubugcisa babo babuquka izinto ezinjengokwenza umfanekiso womntu otywinwe ngomthwebeba baze bahlabe oonotaka kuwo, babhale igama lomntu lowo kwisiqwengana sephepha baze emva koko basitshise, bembele ilaphu elisikwe empahleni yakhe, okanye benze ezinye izinto kwiinwele zakhe, kwiinzipho zakhe ezichetyiweyo, kumbilo wakhe, okanye kwanakwilindle lakhe. Umkhamo wokusetyenziswa kolu qheliselo kwanolunye unokubonwa kwisibakala sokuba kwade ngowe-1542, 1563, nangowe-1604 kwawiswa iMithetho ePalamente eNgilane eyayivakalisa ubugqwirha njengesono esikhulu. Ngandlel’ ithile, olu hlobo lomlingo beluqheliselwa ngabantu phantse kuhlanga ngalunye kuzo zonke izizukulwana.
Ukubona Ikamva Ngemiqondiso Nangemihlola
24. (a) Kuyintoni ukuvumisa? (b) Abemi baseBhabhiloni babevumisa njani?
24 Ngokufuthi umlingo usetyenziselwa ukutyhila inkcazelo efihlakeleyo okanye ukubona ikamva ngemiqondiso nangemihlola. Oku kwaziwa ngokuba kukuvumisa, ibe kwakuyinto ephawulekayo kubemi baseBhabhiloni. Ngokutsho kwencwadi ethi Magic, Supernaturalism, and Religion, “babeziinkunkqele kubuchule bokubona izinto kwangaphambili, ekuxeleni ikamva kwangaphambili ngokuhlola izibindi namathumbu ezilwanyana ezixheliweyo, ngokujonga umlilo nomsi, nangokondela ubukhazikhazi bamatye axabisekileyo; babexela kwangaphambili iziganeko ngokuphulaphula isandi somthombo wamanzi nangokondela ukumila kwezityalo. . . . Imozulu, imvula, amafu, umoya nombane zazichazwa njengemihlola; ukuchachamba kwefanitshala nokweengcango zeplanga kwakuxela kwangaphambili iziganeko zekamva. . . . Iimpukane nezinye izinambuzane, kwanezinja, zazisetyenziselwa ekudluliseleni izigidimi zobugqwirha bomlingo.”
25. UHezekile noDaniyeli bathini ngoqheliselo lokuvumisa lweBhabhiloni yamandulo?
25 Incwadi yeBhayibhile kaHezekile inikela ingxelo yokuba kwelinye iphulo lezomkhosi, ‘ukumkani waseBhabheli wema ekwahlukaneni kweendlela, emantloko eendlela zombini ukuze ahlabe isihlabo; wahlukuhla iintolo, wabuza kwimilondekhaya, wakhangela esibindini.’ (Hezekile 21:21) Kwanabakhwitsi, abakhafuli nabefundisi abenza umlingo babexhaphakile kummandla waseBhabhiloni.—Daniyeli 2:1-3, 27, 28.
26. Yiyiphi enye indlela yokuvumisa eyayithandwa ngamaGrike?
26 Abantu bezinye iintlanga, ezaseMpuma nezaseNtshona, nabo babandakanyekile kwiindlela ezininzi zokuvumisa. AmaGrike ayesiya koosiyazi babo ukuze aqondisise ngeziganeko ezikhulu zezobupolitika kwanangemicimbi yangasese yehlabathi njengomtshato, uhambo nabantwana. Oyena wayethandwa kakhulu kwaba yayingumfundisikazi ongusiyazi waseDelphi. Iimpendulo, ekwakucingelwa ukuba zazivela kuthixo onguApollo, zazinikelwa ngalo mfundisikazi, okanye uPythia, kusetyenziswa amazwi angaqondakaliyo aze atolikwe ngabefundisi nabo beshwantshwatha izicengcelezo ezingavakaliyo. Umzekelo ocacileyo woku yayiyimpendulo eyanikelwa kuCroesus, ukumkani waseLidiya, eyayisithi: “Ukuba uCroesus unqumla iHalys, uya kuboyisa ubukhosi obunamandla.” Umphumo waba kukuba ubukhosi obunamandla oboyiswayo yaba bobakhe. UCroesus woyiswa nguKoreshi ongumPersi xa wawela iHalys esiya kuhlasela elaseKapadoki.
27. AmaRoma abandakanyeka ngomkhamo ongakanani ekuvumiseni?
27 KwelaseNtshona abona babengoomakhwekhwetha ekuvumiseni yayingamaRoma, awayezixakekise ngokucalula imihlola phantse kwinto nganye awayeyenza. Abantu bazo zonke iindidi zasekuhlaleni babekholelwa ekuvumiseni ngeenkwenkwezi, kubugqwirha, kumakhubalo, ekuxeleni ithamsanqa, nakwezinye iindlela ezininzi zokuvumisa. Ibe ngokutsho kukaEdward Gibbon, oyingcali kwimbali yaseRoma, “zonke iindlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokunqula, ezazibalasele kwilizwe laseRoma, zazigqalwa ngabantu, njengeziyinyaniso.” UCicero owayesisithethi esidumileyo saseburhulumenteni wayeyincutshe ekuboneni imihlola kwindlela iintaka ezibhabha ngayo. Umbhali-mbali ongumRoma uPetronius ekuqwalaseleni kwakhe iinkonzo nezithethe ezininzi ezazikho kwiidolophu ezithile zaseRoma, waphawula ukuba kwakumele ukuba kwezo dolophu oothixo babebaninzi kunabantu.
28. AmaTshayina ayevumisa njani kumaxesha amandulo?
28 ETshayina, kuye kwavunjululwa amathambo namaqokobhe okuvumisa namakhubalo angaphezu kwe-100 000 asusela kwiwaka lesibini leminyaka Ngaphambi kweXesha Eliqhelekileyo (kumnombo wookumkani bamaShang). Ayesetyenziswa ngabefundisi bamaShang ekufuneni ulwalathiso lukaThixo kuyo yonke into ukususela kwimozulu ukusa ekulweni komkhosi. Abefundisi babhala imibuzo kula mathambo ngohlobo lokubhala lwamandulo. Bandula ke bawatshisa la mathambo baza bahlolisisa iintanda ezazivela baza babhala iimpendulo kwakuloo mathambo. Bambi abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba indlela yamaTshayina yokubhala, yavela kolo hlobo lwamandulo.
29. Nguwuphi umgaqo wokuvumisa ochazwe kwincwadi i-I Ching?
29 Eyona ncwadi yaziwayo yamandulo yamaTshayina echaza ngeendlela zokuvumisa yi-I Ching (Umgaqo-siseko Weenguqulelo; gama elo eliphinyiselwa ngokuthi Yee-Jing), ekuthiwa yabhalwa ngabalawuli ababini bokuqala baseTshayina, uWen Wang noChou Kung, ngenkulungwane ye-12 B.C.E. Iqulethe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha ezingendlela asebenzisana ngayo amandla amabini aphikisanayo eyin neyang (ubumnyama nokukhanya, ukuphikisa nokuvuma, isiduna nesikhomokazi, inyanga nelanga, umhlaba nezulu, njalo njalo), zinto ezo amaTshayina amaninzi asakholelwa ukuba ziyimigaqo ekhokelayo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi. Inikela imbono yokuba yonke into isoloko iguquka yaye akukho nto ihlala ihleli ngokusisigxina. Ukuze ubani aphumelele kulo naliphi na iphulo lomsebenzi, umele aziphaphele aze enze ngokuvisisana nazo zonke iinguqulelo ezenzeka ngelo xesha. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu babuza imibuzo baze benze amaqashiso bandule ke baphethukele kwi-I Ching ukuze bafumane iimpendulo. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, i-I Ching ibingumthombo osisiseko wazo zonke iintlobo zokuxela ithamsanqa, igeomancy (ukuvumisa ngamanani okanye ngemigca), nezinye iindlela zokuvumisa ezazisetyenziswa eTshayina.
Ukusuka Kwinzululwazi Ngeenkwenkwezi Ukusa Ekuvumiseni Ngeenkwenkwezi
30. Chaza indlela eyavela ngayo inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yamandulo.
30 Ukusebenza ngolungelelwano kwelanga, inyanga, iinkwenkwezi nezijikelezi-langa kuye kwakude kudala kwaba nomtsalane kubantu abasemhlabeni. KwelaseMesopotami kuye kwafunyanwa iincwadi ezinoludwe lweenkwenkwezi ezabhalwa ngowe-1800 B.C.E. Ngokusekelwe kwinkcazelo ekuzo, abemi baseBhabhiloni babekwazi ukuxela kwangaphambili iziganeko ezininzi zenzululwazi engeenkwenkwezi, njengokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga, ukuvela nokutshona kweenkwenkwezi ezithile, neentshukumo ezithile zezi zijikelezi-langa. AmaYiputa, ama-Asiriya, amaTshayina, amaIndiya, amaGrike, amaRoma nabanye abantu bamandulo ngokukwanjalo babeqwalasela isibhakabhaka baze bagcine iingxelo ezineenkcukacha ezingeziganeko zenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngezi ngxelo bazenzela iikhalenda baza bahlengahlengisa nemisebenzi yabo yonyaka ngamnye.
31. Inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yakuvelisa njani ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi?
31 Ngokusuka kwinkcazelo yenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi, kwaye kwaphawuleka ukuba iziganeko ezithile ezenzeka emhlabeni zazibonakala zisenzeka ngaxeshanye neziganeko ezithile zasesibhakabhakeni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuguquka kwamaxesha onyaka kwakuhambisana nelanga, ukuzala nokuwutha kolwandle kwakubangelwa kukuguquguquka kwenyanga, ukuzala komNayile kwaminyaka le kwakusoloko kusenzeka emva kokubonakala kweSirius, eyona nkwenkwezi iqaqambileyo. Isigqibo esicacileyo ekwafikelelwa kuso yayisesokuba indalo yasezulwini yayinendima ebalulekileyo ekubangeleni ukwenzeka kwezi ziganeko kwanezinye emhlabeni. Enyanisweni, amaYiputa ayeyibiza iSirius ngokuthi nguMzalisi womNayile. Ingcamango yokuba iinkwenkwezi zaziphembelela iziganeko ezenzeka emhlabeni ngokukhawuleza yakhokelela ngokukhawuleza kuluvo lokuba indalo yasezulwini yayinokusetyenziselwa ukuxela kwangaphambili ikamva. Ngaloo ndlela inzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi yavelisa ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Kamsinya, ookumkani nabalawuli babagcina kwiinkundla zabo abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi ababevunywe ngokusemthethweni ukuze bahlolisise iinkwenkwezi ezazinokuthanani nemicimbi ebalulekileyo yesizwe. Kodwa kwanabantu nje abaqhelekileyo babekhangela kwiinkwenkwezi ngokuphathelele iimeko zabo zobuqu.
32. Abemi baseBhabhiloni babekuqhelisela ngaziphi iindlela ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi?
32 Kwakhona, kukho enye into abaphawuleka ngayo abemi baseBhabhiloni. Babezigqala iinkwenkwezi njengeendawo zasezulwini zokuhlala oothixo, kanye njengokuba iitempile yayiziindawo zabo zokuhlala zasemhlabeni. Oku kwavelisa ingcamango yokuzahlukanisa iinkwenkwezi zibe ngamaqela awahlukeneyo kwanenkolelo yokuba iziphazamiso ezithi zibekho emazulwini, njengokusithwa kwelanga yinyanga okanye ukuvela kweenkwenkwezi ezithile eziqaqambileyo okanye iintshakatsholo, zazixela kwangaphambili ukubakho kosizi nemfazwe emhlabeni. Iingxelo ezininzi zabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi eziya kookumkani zafunyanwa phakathi kwezinto ezavunjululwa kwelaseMesopotami. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye zezi ngxelo zabonisa ukuba, ukusithwa kwelanga yinyanga okusongelayo kwakungumqondiso wokuba utshaba oluthile lwaluya koyiswa okanye zabonisa ukuba ukubonakala kwesijikelezi-langa esithile kwelinye iqela leenkwenkwezi kwakuya kuthetha “ingqumbo enkulu” emhlabeni.
33. Wathini uIsaya ‘ngoojong’ iinkwenkwezi’ baseBhabhiloni?
33 Ubungakanani benkoloseko ababenayo abemi baseBhabhiloni kule ndlela yokuvumisa unokubonwa ngokubhekele phaya kula mazwi okubacel’ umngeni omprofeti uIsaya xa wayexela kwangaphambili ukutshatyalaliswa kweBhabhiloni: “Khawumise ngoomabophe bakho, nangokukhafula kwakho okuninzi, ozixhamle ngako kwasebuncinaneni bakho . . . Mabamise kaloku, bakusindise oonocanda bezulu, oojongiinkwenkwezi, abakwazisayo ekuthwaseni kwenyanga ngenyanga izinto ezikuzelayo.”—Isaya 47:12, 13.
34. Zazingoobani “iZazi zaseMpumalanga” ezeza kusana olunguYesu?
34 Ukusuka eBhabhiloni, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwanwenwela eYiputa, eAsiriya, ePersi, eGrisi, eRoma nakwelama-Arabhu. EMpuma, amaHindu namaTshayina nawo ayeneenkqubo zawo ezintsonkothileyo zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. “IZazi zaseMpumalanga” ezo umshumayeli weendaba ezilungileyo uMateyu awanikela ingxelo yokuba zeza kubona usana olunguYesu “zazingabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi ababevela ngasempuma.” (Mateyu 2:1, 2, NW) Bambi abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba aba bavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi banokuba babefunde kwisikolo sokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi samaKhaledi nesamaMedi namaPersi esasiseParti, eyayiliphondo lasePersi neyathi kamva yabuBukhosi obuzimeleyo baseParti.
35. Ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwaba ngunozala wantoni ukususela ngexesha lamaGrike?
35 Phofu ke, ngamaGrike awavelisa ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ngokwale ndlela kwenziwa ngayo namhlanje. Ngenkulungwane yesibini yeXesha Eliqhelekileyo, uClaudius Ptolemy, umvumisi ngeenkwenkwezi ongumGrike kwa-Alesandire, eYiputa, wahlanganisa yonke inkcazelo engokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwiincwadi ezine, ezibizwa ngokuba ziiTetrabiblos, eziye zasebenza njengombhalo osisiseko wokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Oku kwaba ngunozala wokuvela koko kubizwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngokuthi yinatal astrology, oko kukuthi, inkqubo yokuxela kwangaphambili ikamva lomntu ngokuhlolisisa isicangca sokuzalwa kwakhe, okanye ihoroscope—isicangca esibonisa ukuma kwelanga, kwenyanga, nokwezijikelezi-langa ezahlukahlukeneyo phakathi kwamaqela eenkwenkwezi njengoko zihlolisiswa ngokusuka kwindawo ubani azalelwe kuyo ngexesha awazalwa ngalo.
36. Buyintoni ubungqina bokuba ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwaba yinto ehloniphekileyo?
36 Ngenkulungwane ye-14 neye-15, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwakwamkelwe ngokubanzi eNtshona. Kwakuyinxalenye yezifundo ezazihlohlwa kwiiYunivesithi, sifundo eso esasifuna ukusetyenziswa kolwazi lolwimi nolwemathematika. Abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi babegqalwa njengabaphengululi. Iincwadi zamabali zikaShakespeare zineembekiselo ezininzi eziqulethe impembelelo yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwimicimbi yabantu. Nkundla nganye yasebukhosini neendwalutho ezininzi zazinabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi bangasese ababesoloko bekulungele ukuhlola iinkwenkwezi. Phantse kube akukho nalinye iphulo—enoba lelemfazwe, elokwakha, elezoshishino okanye elohambo—elathi lenziwa ngaphandle kokuba kuqale kujongwe iinkwenkwezi. Ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kwakuyinto ehloniphekileyo.
37. Ukuhambela phambili kwenzululwazi kukuchaphazele njani ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi?
37 Nakubeni umsebenzi wezazinzulu ngeenkwenkwezi ezinjengoCopernicus noGalileo, ohambisana nophando oluhambele phambili lwenzululwazi, uye wakuhlazisa kakhulu ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi njengenzululwazi engekho mthethweni, kuye kwahlala kukho ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla. (Bona ibhokisi, kwiphepha 85.) Kwiingqwayingqwayi zasebuRhulumenteni kwanakubantu nje abaqhelekileyo, enoba bangabezizwe ezihambele phambili kwezobugcisa okanye bangabantu basemaphandleni abakumazwe asakhasayo, obu bugcisa buyimfihlelo, obasungulwa ngabemi baseBhabhiloni, bakhuthazwa ngamaGrike, baza bandiswa ngokubhekele phaya ngama-Arabhu, busasebenza ngamandla nanamhlanje.
Ikamva Elibhalwe Ebusweni Nasentendeni Yesandla
38. Yintoni eyakhokelela kwiindlela ezingakumbi zokuvumisa ezihlobene nesandla nobuso bomntu?
38 Ukuba ukuhlolisisa imiqondiso nemihlola engekamva emazulwini kubonakala kuyinto enzima, kukho ezinye iindlela ezikhawuleza nezilula ngakumbi ezinokusetyenziswa ngabo bangenabugcisa bungako ekuvumiseni. IZohar, okanye iSefer ha-zohar (INcwadi Yobuqaqawuli, yesiHebhere), incwadi yenkulungwane ye-13 yeemfihlelo zamaYuda, yathi: “Kwisibhakabhaka esigubungele indalo iphela, sibona iinkwenkwezi nezijikelezi-langa ezininzi. Zityhila izinto ezifihlakeleyo neemfihlelo ezinzulu. Ngokufanayo, kulusu lwethu olugqume ubuntu bethu kukho izinto ezithile neempawu ezifuzisela iinkwenkwezi zemizimba yethu.” Le ntanda-bulumko yakhokelela kwiindlela ezingakumbi zokuvumisa, okanye zokuxela kwangaphambili ikamva, ngokuhlolisisa ubuso nentende yesandla ukuze kubonwe imiqondiso engokwesiprofeto. EMpuma naseNtshona, uqheliselo olunjalo lusaxhaphakile. Kodwa licace mhlophe elokuba lunemvelaphi yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi nokusebenzisa umlingo.
39. Iyintoni iphysiognomy, yaye ibisetyenziswa njani?
39 IPhysiognomy kukuxel’ ithamsanqa ngokuhlolisisa inkangeleko yobuso, njengokumila kwamehlo, kwempumlo, kwamazinyo nokweendlebe. EStrasbourg ngowe-1531, uJohn othile waseIndagine wapapasha incwadi eyayixubusha ngalo mbandela awathi kuyo wazoba imifanekiso ecacileyo yobuso obuneendidi ezahlukahlukeneyo zamehlo, iimpumlo, iindlebe, njalo njalo, kwakunye neenkcazelo zazo. Okubangel’ umdla kukuba, wacaphula amazwi kaYesu Kristu akuMateyu 6:22 athi, “Xa sukuba iliso lakho ngoko lingenakumbi, umzimba wakho uphela wokhanyiseleka [“woqaqamba” NW],” njengesiseko sokuthi amehlo amakhulu, aqaqambileyo nangqukuva ayebonisa ukunyaniseka nokuba sempilweni entle, ngoxa wona amehlo atshonileyo namancinane ayentama umona, ulunya nochuku. Noko ke, kwincwadi efanayo, eyiCompendium of Physiognomy, eyapapashwa ngowe-1533, umbhali uBartolommeo Cocle wavakalisa ukuba amehlo amakhulu nangqukuva ayebonisa umntu ongazinzanga nolinqenerha.
40. (a) Iyintoni ichiromancy? (b) Kuye kwabhenelwa njani eBhayibhileni ukuze kuxhaswe ichiromancy?
40 Ngokutsho kwabavumisi, ekubeni sikufutshane nentloko, isandla sibonisa amandla avela phezulu ukudlula naliphi na elinye ilungu lomzimba. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhlolisisa imigca yesandla ukuze kuqondwe ubunjani bomntu nekamva lakhe kulolunye uhlobo oluthandwayo lokuvumisa—olo yichiromancy, ekubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuqhelekileyo njengobugcisa bokuvumisa ngemigca yesandla. Abavumisi ngemigca yesandla bamaXesha Aphakathi bahlolisisa iBhayibhile ukuze baxhase obo bugcisa babo. Basebenzisa iindinyana ezinjengethi “Isandla soluntu lonke uyasitywina asivingcele, ukuba babe nokwazi bonke abantu abenzileyo” nethi “Imihla emide isesandleni sabo sokunene, kwesokhohlo sabo bubutyebi nozuko.” (Yobhi 37:7; IMizekeliso 3:16) Amafongqofongqo esandla nawo ayeqwalaselwa kuba kwakucingwa ukuba ayemela izijikelezi-langa ibe ngaloo ndlela etyhila okuthile ngomntu lowo nangekamva lakhe.
41. Abantu bamazwe aseMpuma bavumisa njani?
41 Ukuxel’ ithamsanqa ngokuhlolisisa iimpawu zobuso nezesandla kuthandwa oku kwantoni na nje kumazwe aseMpuma. Ngaphandle kokuba iinkcuba-buchopho neengcali ezivunyiweyo zilufundela olu hlobo lokuvumisa, kukho abantu abaninzi abaluqhelisela bengalufundelanga ngenxa yokuba iincwadi neempapasho zabafundileyo nezabangafundanga zidlal’ abantwana. Abantu ngokufuthi bakuthabatha lula ukuhlolisisa imigca esentendeni yesandla njengento yokuzonwabisa, kodwa abaninzi bakujonga ngokunzulu. Noko ke, ngokuqhelekileyo kunqabile ukuba abantu baneliseke kukusebenzisa indlela nje enye yokuvumisa. Xa bejamelene neengxaki ezinzulu okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo, baya kwiitempile zabo, enoba zezamaBhuda, ezamaTao, ezamaShinto, okanye ezinye, ukuze bacele uncedo koothixo, emva koko baye kumvumisi weenkwenkwezi ukuze ahlole iinkwenkwezi, baye nakumxeli wethamsanqa ukuze ahlolisise iintende zezandla zabo aze abajonge nasebusweni, baze, emva kwayo yonke loo nquleqhu, babuyele ekhaya baze babhekise kwiminyanya. Baba nethemba lokuba enye yezi ndlela iza kubazisela isicombululo esibalungeleyo.
Ngaba Kukuzonwabisa Nje Okungenabungozi?
42. Umnqweno wokwemvelo wabantu wokufuna ukwazi ikamva ubakhokelele entwenini?
42 Kukokwemvelo ukuba wonk’ ubani afune ukwazi ngoko kufunjethwe likamva. Kwakhona umnqweno wokufuna ukuba kwimeko entle nowokuphepha oko kusenokuba yingozi ukho jikelele. Kungoko abantu bezizukulwana ezidluleyo beye bafuna ulwalathiso kwimimoya nakwizithixo. Ngokwenjenjalo, babandakanyeka ekusebenzelaneni nemimoya, ekusebenziseni umlingo, ekuvumiseni ngeenkwenkwezi, nakolunye uqheliselo olusekelwe kwiinkolo. Abantu bakudala babenxiba amakhubalo nezinye izinto zobugqi ukuze bazikhusele, yaye babephethukela kumaxhwele nakubefundisi bomlingo ukuze bafumane unyango. Nanamhlanje abantu basaziphatha iimbasa ‘zeNgcwele’ uChristopher okanye banxibe amakhubalo “okubazisela” ithamsanqa, yaye baba neentlanganiso zokuqhagamshelana nemimoya, basebenzisa iibhodi zeOuija, iibhola zekristale, inkqubo yokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, yaye bakwasebenzisa namaqweqwe okuxel’ ithamsanqa. Ngokubhekisele ekusebenzelaneni nemimoya nakwinkolo, kubonakala ngathi uluntu alukhange lwenze nguqulelo ingako.
43. (a) Abantu abaninzi bavakalelwa njani ngokusebenzelana nemimoya, ngokusebenzisa imilingo nangokuvumisa? (b) Yiyiphi imibuzo emayela noqheliselo lweenkolo efuna ukuphendulwa?
43 Kambe ke, abantu abaninzi bayaqonda ukuba ezi ziinkolo nje yaye azinaso isiseko sokwenene. Yaye basenokongeza ngokuthi bazenzela nje ukuzonwabisa. Abanye bade baphikise ngelithi ukusebenzisa umlingo nokuvumisa kuyanceda ngokwenene kuba kubanika ithemba elingokwasengqondweni abo basenokuba bayatyhwatyhwa ngandlel’ ithile ngenxa yemiqobo abajamelene nayo ebomini. Kodwa ngaba konke oku kuyindlela nje engenabungozi yokuzonwabisa okanye yokwenza ingqondo iphangalale? Uyintoni ngokwenene umthombo wezi ntlobo zoqheliselo lokusebenzelana nemimoya nolomlingo esiye saziqwalasela kwesi sahluko kwanezinye ezininzi esingazikhankanyanga?
44. Ngokusisiseko, kunokuthiwani ngesiseko salo lonke uqheliselo olunjalo?
44 Xa besihlolisisa iinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokusebenzelana nemimoya, zokusebenzisa umlingo nezokuvumisa, siye saphawula ukuba zibotshwe ngabande linye nokukholelwa kwimiphefumlo yabangasekhoyo nakubukho bemimoya, elungileyo nemibi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukukholelwa kwimimoya, kumlingo nasekuvumiseni, ngokusisiseko kusekelwe kunqulo loothixo abaninzi oluvele kwimfundiso esisiseko yokungafi komphefumlo womntu. Ngaba esi sisiseko esinokuthenjwa ubani anokwakhela kuso unqulo lwakhe? Ngaba ubuya kulugqala unqulo olusekelwe kwisiseko esilolo hlobo njengolwamkelekileyo?
45. Yiyiphi imibuzo emayela nokunikela ngokudla kwizithixo awayejamelene nayo amaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala?
45 AmaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala ayejamelene nemibuzo efanayo. Ayephila phakathi kwamaGrike namaRoma, awayenoothixo nezithixo ezininzi kwakunye nezithethe zawo ezisekelwe kwiinkolo. Esinye isithethe sasiluqheliselo lokunikela ngokutya kwizithixo aze abe nesabelo ekudleni oko kutya. Ngaba nabani na owayemthanda uThixo wenyaniso nowayenomdla wokumkholisa wayefanele abe nenxaxheba kwizithethe ezilolo hlobo? Phawula indlela umpostile uPawulos awawuphendula ngayo loo mbuzo.
46. UPawulos namaKristu okuqala babekholelwa entwenini ngoThixo?
46 “Ngako ke ukudliwa kwamadini enziwa kwizithixo, siyazi ukuba akukho nto isisithixo ehlabathini; siyazi ukuba mnye kwaphela uThixo, akukho wumbi. Kuba kambe, nokuba kukho ekuthiwa bangoothixo, nokuba kusezulwini, nokuba kuphezu komhlaba (kwanjengokuba kukho oothixo abaninzi, neenkosi ezininzi), kuthi thina mnye uThixo, uYise, eziphuma kuye izinto zonke; nathi sikholo yena.” (1 Korinte 8:4-6) KuPawulos nakumaKristu enkulungwane yokuqala, unqulo lokwenyaniso lwalungekokunqula oothixo abaninzi, kodwa lwalukukuzinikela ‘kuThixo uYise omnye’ kuphela, ogama lakhe iBhayibhile elityhilayo xa isithi: “Bazi ukuba wena, ugama linguYehova, unguwe wedwa Osenyangweni phezu kwehlabathi lonke.”—INdumiso 83:18.
47. UPawulos wakutyhila njani ukufaniswa kokwenyaniso ‘koothixo neenkosi zasezulwini okanye zasemhlabeni’?
47 Noko ke, sifanele siphawule ukuba nangona umpostile uPawulos wathi “akukho nto isisithixo,” wayengathethi ukuba babengekho “oothixo” “neenkosi” ababephethukela kuzo abantu nemilingo yabo, nokuvumisa kwabo, kwaneminikelo yabo. Ngoko, wayethetha ukuthini? UPawulos wakucacisa oku kamva kwakule ncwadi inye xa wabhala oku: “Ndithi, Amadini eziwenzayo iintlanga, ziwenzela iidemon, aziwenzeli uThixo.” (1 Korinte 10:20) Ewe, ngoothixo nangeenkosi zazo, ngokwenene iintlanga zazinqula iidemon—izidalwa ezizizithunywa zezulu, okanye ezingoomoya abavukela uThixo wenyaniso baza bathelela inkokeli yabo, uSathana uMtyholi.—2 Petros 2:4; Yuda 6; ISityhilelo 12:7-9.
48. Yiyiphi ingozi ebangelwa bubugqwirha bomlingo ekhoyo namhlanje, yaye inokuphetshwa njani?
48 Ngokufuthi abantu bayabasizela abantu ekufane kuthiwe basadla ngendeb’ endala ababekhotyokiswe ziinkolo naluloyiko lwabo. Bathi ukuba kuloo meko ilusizi kubangelwa yimibingelelo equka uphalazo-gazi namasiko angaphucukanga. Ibe oko kunjalo kanye. Ukanti, kunamhlanje nje siseva ngonqulo lobugqwirha oluyivoodoo, ngezithethe zobudemon, kwanangokubingelela ngabantu. Nangona ezi isenokuba ziimeko ezide zagqithisa, sekunjalo zibonisa ukuba kusekho umdla omkhulu kubugqwirha bomlingo. Oku kunokuqalisa ‘ngokuzonwabisa okungenabungozi’ nangokufun’ ukwazi, kodwa ngokufuthi umphumo uba yintlekele nokufa. Hayi indlela ekububulumko ngayo ukuthobela esi silumkiso seBhayibhile: “Yibani nobungcathu, phaphani; ngokuba ummangaleli wenu, uMtyholi, uhamba njengengonyama egqumayo, efuna ubani angamginyayo.”—1 Petros 5:8; Isaya 8:19, 20.
49. Nguwuphi umbandela oza kuhlolisiswa kwizahluko ezilandelayo zale ncwadi?
49 Ekubeni siye saqwalasela imvelaphi yonqulo, Iintlobo-ntlobo zeentsomi zamandulo, neendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zokusebenzelana nemimoya, zokusebenzisa umlingo nezokuqhelisela iinkolo, ngoku siza kuphethulela ingqalelo yethu kwiinkonzo ezingakumbi zehlabathi, eziphambili nezingokwesithethe—ubuHindu, ubuBhuda, ubuTao, ubuConfucius, ubuShinto, ubuYuda, iicawa zeNgqobhoko nobuSilamsi. Zaqala njani? Zifundisa ntoni? Zinayiphi impembelelo kumarhamente azo? Le mibuzo neminye iza kuqwalaselwa kwizahluko ezilandelayo.
[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 76]
Eminye imilingo yayibonakala isebenza
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 85]
Ngaba Ukuvumisa Ngeenkwenkwezi Kungokwenzululwazi?
Xa kuvumiswa ngeenkwenkwezi kuthiwa ilanga, inyanga, iinkwenkwezi, kwanezijikelezi-langa zinokuba nempembelelo ethile kwimicimbi yasemhlabeni kwanokuba ubume bale ndalo yasezulwini ngexesha lokuzalwa kukabani bunendima ethile ebomini bakhe. Phofu ke, izinto ezifunyaniswa yinzululwazi zikucel’ umngeni kanobom oko:
▪ Umsebenzi wezazinzulu ngeenkwenkwezi ezinjengoCopernicus, uGalileo noKepler uye wabonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba umhlaba awukho mbindini wendalo iphela. Kwakhona ngoku iyaziwa into yokuba ngokufuthi iinkwenkwezi ezibonakala ngathi zingamaqela ngamaqela sukuba ngokwenene zingenjalo. Zimbi zazo zisenokuba zikude lee emajukujukwini ngoxa ezinye zisenokuba kufutshane noko ngentelekiso. Ngaloo ndlela, indlela asebenza ngayo amaqela awahlukahlukeneyo eenkwenkwezi iyinto nje kaqashi-qashi.
▪ Isijikelezi-langa u-Uranus, uNeptune noPluto zazingaziwa ngabavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi bokuqala ngenxa yokuba azizange zifunyanwe de kwaveliswa isibonakude. Ngoko, “impembelelo” yazo yayinokuboniswa njani kwizicangca zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi ezenziwa kwiinkulungwane ezadlulayo? Ngapha koko, kutheni le nto “impembelelo” yesijikelezi-langa esithile isiba “yelungileyo” ize eyesinye ibe “mbi,” ngoxa ngoku inzululwazi isazi ukuba ngokusisiseko zonke ziziimfumba zamatye okanye iigesi ezingenabomi, ezijikeleza emajukujukwini?
▪ Inzululwazi ngeeseli zemfuza isixelela ukuba iimpawu zemfuza ezisisiseko sobuntu bethu zakheka, kungekhona ekuzalweni, kodwa ekukhawulweni, xa enye yeeseli zamadlozi ezizizigidi zikatata idibana neseli enye yeqanda likamama. Ukanti, abavumisi ngeenkwenkwezi baxela ikamva lomntu ngokujonga ukuma kweenkwenkwezi ngexesha azalwa ngalo. Eli thuba elimalunga neenyanga ezisithoba lingabalwayo lifanele limenze ubani abe nobuntu obahluke ngokupheleleyo xa buthelekiswa nohlolisiso lwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi.
▪ Ixesha la maqela eenkwenkwezi alithabathayo ukujikeleza ilanga njengoko ebonwa ngabakhi-mkhanya basemhlabeni, namhlanje lisemva malunga nenyanga enye kunokuba lalinjalo kwiminyaka engama-2 000 eyadlulayo xa kwenziwa izicangca zokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi kunokumnxulumanisa umntu ozelwe ekupheleni kukaJuni okanye ekuqaleni kukaJulayi noCancer (onobuntununtunu, onochuku nozibandeza ngokugqithiseleyo). Noko ke, eneneni, ngelo xesha ilanga liba kwiqela leenkwenkwezi elibizwa ngokuthi Gemini, nto leyo ebifanele ukumenza umntu abe lincoko elithand’ ukuhlekisa.
Ngokucacileyo, ukuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi akunaso isiseko esinokuthenjwa okanye esingokwenzululwazi.
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 71]
Izipili ezaphukileyo, iikati ezimnyama, namanani athile asisizinzi seenkolo. Igama lesiTshayina elithi “isine” libizwa ngokufanayo nelithi “ukufa” ngesiTshayina nangesiJapan
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 74]
Ekhohlo, iSakhiwo Secawa SeNenekazi Lethu saseGuadelupe, eMexico, apho amaKatolika athandazela khona ukuphiliswa okungummangaliso.
Ekunene, iStonehenge saseNgilani, apho kuthiwa abalandeli bonqulo lobuDruids babenqula khona ilanga
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 80]
Bambi abantu baqhagamshelana namashaman namagqirha
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 81]
Abanye banxibelelana nemimoya, basebe-nzisa iibhodi zeOuija, iibhola zekristale, amaqweqwe okuxel’ ithamsanqa, yaye bakwanxibelelana nabaxeli-thamsanqa
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 82]
Ukuvumisa kwelaseMpuma, kusetyenziswa umbhalo okrolwe kwiqokobhe lofudo nophawu lweyin-yang, kunembali ende
[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 87]
Abantu abaninzi bajonga ikamva labo ngokuvumisa ngeenkwenkwezi, bekholelwa ukuba ukuma kwelanga, kwenyanga, kwezijikelezi-langa nokweenkwenkwezi ngexesha lokuzalwa kwabo kuchaphazela ubomi babo
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 90]
Ngokushukumisa uluthi lwethamsanqa olukwikhohlombe, ubani ozinikeleyo ufumana isigidimi esithile nenkcazelo yaso