Indlela IBhayibhile Ewuchaza Ngayo Umphefumlo
“Umntu waba ngumphefumlo ophilayo.”—GENESIS 2:7.
NJENGOKUBA sele sibonile, zininzi iimbono ezikhoyo ngomphefumlo yaye azifani. Kwanabo bathi bakholelwa eBhayibhileni, abathethi ntw’ inye ngento oyiyo umphefumlo nangoko kwenzeka kuwo ekufeni. Kodwa iBhayibhile ifundisa ntoni kanye kanye ngomphefumlo? Ukuze siphenduleke makhe sihlolisise intsingiselo yegama lesiHebhere nelesiGrike eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umphefumlo” eBhayibhileni.
“Umphefumlo” Usisidalwa Esiphilayo
2 Igama lesiHebhere eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umphefumlo” lithi neʹphesh, yaye livela kangangama-754 kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere (ngokuqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuthi yiTestamente Endala). Lithetha ntoni igama elithi neʹphesh? IThe Dictionary of Bible and Religion, ithi “ngokuqhelekileyo lithetha isidalwa esiphilayo siphela, umntu ephela.”
3 Ngokomzekelo, iGenesis 2:7 ithi: “UYehova uThixo wambumba umntu ngothuli lwasemhlabeni, waphefumlela emathatheni akhe impefumlo yobomi; umntu ke waba ngumphefumlo ophilileyo.” Phawula ukuba uAdam akazange abe nomphefumlo; waba ngumphefumlo—kanye njengokuba umntu oba ngugqirha kusithiwa ungugqirha. Ngoko igama elithi “umphefumlo” lisenokubhekisela kumntu ephela.
4 Loo ngongoma ixhaswa zizo zonke iZibhalo zesiHebhere, apho zisebenzisa amabinzana anjengala “xa umphefumlo uthe wona” (Levitikus 5:1, NW), “wonke umphefumlo, osukuba usenza namnye umsebenzi” (Levitikus 23:30), “xa ithe indoda yafunyanwa iqweqwedisa umphefumlo” (Duteronomi 24:7), “wakhathazeka umphefumlo wakhe” (ABagwebi 16:16), “kunini na nisenza isingqala kumphefumlo wam?” (Yobhi 19:2), “umphefumlo wam uvuza iinyembezi sisingqala.”—INdumiso 119:28.
5 Kwezi zicatshulwa akukho nto ibonisa ukuba umphefumlo yinto eziphilelayo eqhubeka iphila akuba umntu efile. IThe Dictionary of Bible and Religion ithi: “Abantu ababephila ngexesha lokubhalwa kweTestamente Endala babeya kukuthela nqa xa uthetha ‘ngomphefumlo’ womntu omthandayo ohambe waya eNkosini okanye uthethe ‘ngomphefumlo ongafiyo.’”
6 Igama eliguqulelwe ngaphezu kwezihlandlo ezilikhulu ngokuthi “umphefumlo” kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike (ngokuqhelekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yiTestamente Entsha) lelithi psy·kheʹ. Njengelithi neʹphesh, eli gama lisoloko libhekisela kumntu ephela. Ngokomzekelo, khawuqwalasele la mazwi alandelayo: “Umphefumlo wam ukhathazekile.” (Yohane 12:27) “Wonke umphefumlo waqalisa ukufikelwa luloyiko.” (IZenzo 2:43) “Yonke imiphefumlo mayiwathobele amagunya awongamileyo.” (Roma 13:1) “Thethani ngokuthuthuzelayo kwimiphefumlo edandathekileyo.” (1 Tesalonika 5:14) “Abantu abambalwa, oko kukuthi, imiphefumlo esibhozo, bathwalwa ngokukhuselekileyo emanzini.”—1 Petros 3:20.
7 Ngokufanayo nelithi neʹphesh, elithi psy·kheʹ, libhekisela kumntu ephela. Ngokutsho komnye umphengululi uNigel Turner, eli gama “lichaza into ayiyo umntu, ubuntu bakhe, umzimba wakhe wenyama one-rûaḥ [umoya] kaThixo owaphefumlelwa kuwo. . . . ligxininisa emntwini ephela.”
8 EBhayibhileni igama elithi “umphefumlo” alisetyenziswa bantwini kuphela kodwa kwanakwizilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo, xa ichaza ukudalwa kwezidalwa zaselwandle, iGenesis 1:20 ithi uThixo wayalela wathi: “Amanzi la makanyakazele inyakanyaka, imiphefumlo ephilileyo.” Yaye ngosuku olulandelayo lokudala, uThixo wathi: “Umhlaba mawuphume imiphefumlo ephilileyo ngohlobo lwayo: izinto ezizitho zine, nezinambuzane, nezinto eziphilileyo zomhlaba ngohlobo lwazo.” (Genesis 1:24; thelekisa iNumeri 31:28.) Ngenxa yoko, “umphefumlo” unokubhekisela kwizidalwa eziphilayo, enoba ngabantu okanye izilwanyana.
“Umphefumlo” Njengobomi Besidalwa
9 Maxa wambi, igama elithi “umphefumlo” libhekisela kubomi obuphilwa ngumntu okanye sisilwanyana. Oku akuyitshintshi indlela iBhayibhile ewuchaza ngayo umphefumlo womntu okanye wesilwanyana. Ngokomzekelo: Sidla ngokuthi umntu uyaphila, sisitsho sithetha ukuba ungumntu ophilayo. Kwakhona sisenokuthi umntu unobomi. Ngokufanayo, umntu ophilayo ungumphefumlo. Ukanti, ngoxa umntu esaphila, sinokutsho sithi “umphefumlo” yinto anayo.
10 Ngokomzekelo, uThixo wathi kuMoses: “Kuba afile onke amadoda awayezingela umphefumlo wakho.” (Eksodus 4:19, NW) Lizicacele elokuba, iintshaba zikaMoses zazizungulana nobomi bakhe. Nazi ezinye izicatshulwa elisetyenziswe kuzo eli gama lithi “umphefumlo.” “Sayoyikela kunene ke imiphefumlo yethu.” (Yoshuwa 9:24) “Basabisa imiphefumlo yabo.” (2 Kumkani 7:7, NW) “Ilungisa liyawazalelela umphefumlo wenkomo yalo.” (IMizekeliso 12:10) “UNyana womntu weza, . . . [ukuze] anikele ngomphefumlo wakhe ube yintlawulelo ngenxa yabaninzi.” (Mateyu 20:28) “Wasondela gqitha ekufeni, ewuchanaba engozini umphefumlo wakhe.” (Filipi 2:30) Kwimeko nganye apha, igama elithi “umphefumlo” lithetha “ubomi.”a
11 Ngoko igama elithi “umphefumlo” njengokuba lisetyenzisiwe eBhayibhileni libhekisela kumntu okanye isilwanyana okanye kubomi obuphilwa ngumntu okanye isilwanyana. Indlela ewuchaza ngayo umphefumlo iBhayibhile icacile, ayiphikisani, yaye ayingxengwanga yintanda-bulumko entsonkothileyo neenkolelo zabantu. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni kumphefumlo xa umntu esifa? Ukuze siphendule loo mbuzo, simele siqale siqonde isizathu sokuba sife.
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a UMateyu 10:28 ukwasebenzisa igama elithi “umphefumlo” elithetha “ubomi.”
[Imibuzo YeSifundo]
1. Yintoni ekufuneka siyihlole ukuze siqonde okufundiswa yiBhayibhile ngomphefumlo?
2, 3. (a) Liliphi igama eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umphefumlo” kwiZibhalo zesiHebhere, yaye eli gama linayiphi intsingiselo esisiseko? (b) IGenesis 2:7 iqinisekisa njani ukuba igama elithi “umphefumlo” linokubhekisela kumntu ephela?
4, 5. (a) Nikela imizekelo ebonisa ukuba igama elithi “umphefumlo” libhekisela kumntu ephela. (b) IThe Dictionary of Bible and Religion iyixhasa njani ingongoma yokuba umntu ungumphefumlo?
6, 7. Liliphi igama eliguqulelwe ngokuthi “umphefumlo” kwiZibhalo zamaKristu zesiGrike, yaye linayiphi intsingiselo esisiseko?
8. Ngaba izilwanyana ziyimiphefumlo? Cacisa.
9. (a) Yiyiphi enye inkcazelo ethe kratya elinokuba nayo igama elithi “umphefumlo”? (b) Ngaba oku kuyayitshintsha imbono yokuba umphefumlo ngumntu ephela?
10. Nikela imizekelo ebonisa ukuba igama elithi “umphefumlo” linokubhekisela kubomi obuphilwa sisilwanyana okanye umntu.
11. Singathi iBhayibhile ilisebenzisa njani igama elithi “umphefumlo”?
[Imifanekiso ekwiphepha 20]
Yimiphefumlo yonke ke le