Intuthumbo Kanaphakade—Kutheni Iyimfundiso Ephazamisayo?
“Ndive ukuba nimgxothile umfundisi wenu. Bekutheni?”
“Kaloku, ebesoloko esixelela ngokuba sonke siya esihogweni.”
“Uthini umfundisi omtsha?”
“Nomfundisi omtsha uthi siya esihogweni.”
“Ngoko yintoni umahluko?”
“Eneneni, umahluko ngowokuba xa umfundisi wethu wangaphambili wayethetha oku, wayevakala ngokungathi uyakuvuyela oku; kodwa le ndoda intsha xa ithetha oku, ivakala ngathi ibuhlungu.”
NJENGOKO kuboniswe kwincwadi yemizekeliso, eli bali libonisa ngandlel’ ithile ukuba abafundisi beBhayibhile abaninzi, kwanabantu abahamba icawa, ayibaphathi kakuhle imfundiso yesihogo. Ngendlela ecace ngakumbi, ikwangqina oko umfundi wezakwalizwi waseKhanada uClark H. Pinnock wakuphawulayo: “Kuwo onke amanqaku ezifundo zakwalizwi eziye zakhathaza izazela zabantu kwiinkulungwane ezidluleyo, ndicinga ukuba ambalwa anokubangela inkxalabo enkulu kunengcaciso eyamkelweyo yokuba isihogo sisohlwayo sikanaphakade somzimba nomphefumlo esiphunyezwa umntu esezingqondweni.”
Imiphumo Kwimilinganiselo Yabantu
Ngoko, kutheni abaninzi bekhathazeka yimibono yesihogo evela kwiNgqobhoko? (Bona ibhokisi.) Unjingalwazi uPinnock uyachaza: “Ingcamango yokuba isidalwa esisezingqondweni sifanele sithuthunjiswe emzimbeni nasengqondweni ixesha elingenasiphelo iphazamisa ngokunzulu, yaye ingcamango yokuba ukohlwaywa kwaso kungumthetho kaThixo kuyayiphazamisa inkolelo yam ngothando lukaThixo.”
Ewe, imfundiso yentuthumbo kanaphakade ibangela ingxaki kwimilinganiselo yabantu. Ngokomzekelo, amaKristu anyanisekileyo acinga ngokunzulu ngemibuzo eyaphakanyiswa ngumfundi wezakwalizwi ongumKatolika uHans Küng: “Ngaba uThixo wothando ufanele . . . akubukele ngonaphakade oku kuthuthunjiswa emzimbeni nasengqondweni kungapheliyo, kungenathemba, kungenanceba, kungenaluthando, okwenziwa ngenkohlakalo kwizidalwa zakhe?” Lo kaKüng uyaqhubeka: “Ngaba unentliziyo elukhuni ngolo hlobo kuba sinetyala kuye? . . . Besiya kucinga ntoni ngomntu owanelisa umnqweno wakhe wempindezelo ngendlela engenanceba ngolo hlobo nonganeliyo?”a Eneneni, kunokwenzeka njani ukuba uThixo othi eBhayibhileni masithande iintshaba zethu abe nomnqweno wokuthuthumbisa iintshaba zakhe ngonaphakade? (1 Yohane 4:8-10) Akumangalisi ngoko ukuba abanye abantu bagqibe kwelokuba oko isihogo sikuko akufanelananga noko uThixo akuko, nokuba le mfundiso ayikho ngqiqweni.
Amanye amakholwa azama ukungasiphazamisi isazela sawo ngokuyiphepha le mibuzo. Noko ke, ukwenjenjalo akukuphelisi oku kudideka. Ngoko ke makhe siqwalasele le mbambano. Le mfundiso iyichaphazela njani imilinganiselo yabantu? KwiCriswell Theological Review, uNjingalwazi uPinnock ubhala oku: “Intuthumbo kanaphakade ayinyamezeleki ngokwemilinganiselo yabantu kuba imenza uThixo abonakale enjengerhamncwa elinxanelwe igazi elilungiselele iAuschwitz kanaphakade ukwenzela amaxhoba elingawavumeliyo nokuba afe.” Uyabuza: “Kunokwenzeka njani ukuba ubani onemfesane angabi nasazela xa ecinga ngengcamango enjalo [imfundiso yesithethe yesihogo]? . . . Kunokwenzeka njani ukuba amaKristu akwazi ukumchaza uThixo okhohlakele nonenqala ngolo hlobo?”
Ebonisa indlela le mfundiso esenokuba iye yanempembelelo embi ngayo ekuziphatheni kwabantu, uPinnock uyagqabaza: “Ndikhe ndizibuze nokuba ziziphi izenzo zenkohlakalo eziye zenziwa ngabo bantu abaye bakholelwa kuThixo othuthumbisa iintshaba zakhe?” Ugqiba ngelithi: “Ngaba le asiyongcamango ephazamisa ngokwenene efuna ukucingisiswa nzulu?” Ewe, ukuba uThixo kuthiwa unenkohlakalo ngolo hlobo, akumangalisi ukuba abantu abanomgqalisela abahamba icawa bewuhlolisisa umbandela wesihogo somlilo. Yaye babona ntoni? Enye ingxaki ngokuphathelele ingcamango yentuthumbo kanaphakade.
Isihogo Nokusesikweni
Abaninzi abayicingisisayo imfundiso yesithethe ngesihogo bafumanisa ukuba ibonakala imchaza uThixo njengalowo wenza ngokungekho sesikweni, ngoko iphazamisa indlela abacinga ngayo ngokusesikweni. Ngayiphi indlela?
Enye impendulo oyifumanayo ngokuthelekisa imfundiso yentuthumbo kanaphakade nomlinganiselo wokusesikweni owanikelwa nguThixo yile: “Iliso ngeliso, izinyo ngezinyo.” (Eksodus 21:24) Ukuze ukuqiqe oku, sebenzisa loo mthetho uThixo awawunika uSirayeli wamandulo, umthetho wempindezelo efanayo kule mfundiso yesihogo somlilo. Ubuya kufikelela kwesiphi isigqibo? Kwesokuba kuphela ngabo boni baye bathuthumbisa abanye ngonaphakade abafanelwe kukuthuthunjiswa ngonaphakade—ukuthuthumbisa ngonaphakade ngokuthuthumbisa ngonaphakade. Kodwa ekubeni abantu (kungakhathaliseki ukuba babi kangakanani) banokuthuthumbisa okwexeshana kuphela, ukubagwebela intuthumbo kanaphakade kubangela ukungalungelelani phakathi kwezono zabo nesohlwayo sikanaphakade kwisihogo somlilo.
Ngamafutshane, iya kuba sisigwebo esiqatha. Siya kuba ngaphezulu ‘kweliso ngeliso nezinyo ngezinyo.’ Yaye xa uqwalasela ukuba iimfundiso zikaYesu zayenza ayabi ngqongqo gqitha ingcamango yokuphindezela; unokuvuma ukuba amaKristu okwenyaniso kunokuba nzima ukuba abone okusesikweni kwintuthumbo kanaphakade.—Mateyu 5:38, 39; Roma 12:17.
Ukuthethelela Le Mfundiso
Sekunjalo, amakholwa amaninzi ayaqhubeka ezama ukuyithethelela le mfundiso. Njani? Umbhali waseBritani uClive S. Lewis uthethelela inkoliso yaba bakhuseli kwincwadi yakhe ethi The Problem of Pain: “Akukho mfundiso ebendingathanda ukuyisusa kubuKristu ngaphezu kwale, ukuba oku bekusemandleni am. Kodwa ixhaswa ngokupheleleyo ziZibhalo yaye, ngokungakumbi ngamazwi eNkosi Yethu.” Ngaloo ndlela abaxhasi bayavuma ukuba intuthumbo kanaphakade iyoyikisa, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, bathi le mfundiso ifanelekile kuba bavakalelwa kukuba iyimfundiso yeBhayibhile. Umfundi wezakwalizwi uPinnock uyaphawula: “Ngokuvuma ukuba ayithandeki, banethemba lokuba bangqina ukuzinikela kwabo ngokungagungqiyo eBhayibhileni nobugorha babo obuthile ekukholelweni inyaniso enjalo ukoyikeka kuba nje iyimfundiso ephuma ezibhalweni. Benza kubonakale ngathi ukuqiniseka kweBhayibhile kusengozini. Kodwa ngaba oku kunjalo ngokwenene?”
Nawe usenokuzibuza enoba ukuzinikela kwakho eBhayibhileni kukwenza ungabi nandlela yimbi ngaphandle kokuba wamkele le mfundiso kusini na. Ngenene ithini iBhayibhile?
[Umbhalo osemazantsi]
a IEternal Life?—Life After Death as a Medical, Philosophical, and Theological Problem, iphepha 136.
[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 5]
IINGCAMANGO EZINTATHU EZIFANAYO
ISivumo Sokholo saseWestminster, esamkelwayo ngamaProtestanti amaninzi, sithi abo bangayiyo ezulwini “baya kuphoswa kwintuthumbo kanaphakade, baze bohlwaywe ngentshabalalo kanaphakade.” IThe Encyclopedia of Religion, iyachaza: “KubuKristu bamaRoma Katolika isihogo kucingwa ukuba yindawo yesohlwayo esingapheliyo . . . apho kohlwaywa . . . ngokuthuthunjiswa ngomlilo nangezinye izinto zokuthuthumbisa.” Le ntyilalwazi yongezelela ngelithi “Unqulo Lwesithethe LwamaKristu AseMpuma” nalo lunayo “imfundiso yokuba isihogo yindawo yomlilo ongunaphakade nesohlwayo esilindele abo baqalekisiweyo.”—UMqulu 6, iphepha 238- 9.