Ngaba Ufanele Ukukholelwe ukuvela Ngokutsha?

ISITHANDI sobulumko esingumGrike uPlato sanxulumanisa ukuqalisa ukuthanda umntu othile nengcamango yokuvela ngokutsha. Sasikholelwa kwelokuba emva kokufa komzimba, umphefumlo ekubeni ungafi, uya kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba “yindawo yezinto ezihlambulukileyo.” Ungenamzimba wenyama, uhlala apho kangangexesha elithile, ucingisisa ngokuhlambuluka. Kamva xa uphinde wavela ngokutsha komnye umzimba, umphefumlo ngokuzenzekelayo ukhumbula yaye ulangazelele ummandla ohlambulukileyo. Ngokutsho kukaPlato, abantu bathandana kuba bebona uhlobo oluthile lobuhle ababukhumbula kancinane nababufunayo kwabo babathandayo.

Ukufanisa Umthombo Nesiseko Sako

Imfundiso engokuvela ngokutsha ivisisana nesibakala sokuba umphefumlo awufi. Ngoko, imvelaphi engokuvela ngokutsha, imele iphandwe kwabo bantu okanye izizwe ezazikukholelwa oko. Ngenxa yoko, bambi bacinga ukuba yavela kwiYiputa yamandulo. Abanye bakholelwa kwelokuba yaqala kwiBhabhiloni yamandulo. Ukuze kubalaseliswe unqulo lwaseBhabhiloni, isibingeleli salo sahambisela phambili imfundiso yokufuduswa komphefumlo. Ngaloo ndlela babenokutsho beqinisekile ukuba amagorha abo kwezonqulo ngookhokho ababalulekileyo abavela ngokutsha, nangona bafa kudala.

Noko ke, le nkolelo engokuvela ngokutsha yanda ngakumbi eIndiya. Izilumko zamaHindu zazixoxa ngeengxaki zendalo iphela ezobungendawo nezokubandezeleka koluntu. Zabuza: ‘Ezi zinto zinokuvisisana njani nengcamango yoMdali olilungisa?’ Zazama ukucombulula impikiswano ephakathi kobulungisa bukaThixo neentlekele ezingalindelekanga nokungafani ehlabathini. Ngelo xesha, zaseka “umthetho wekarma,” umthetho wonobangela nowomphumo—‘nantoni umntu ayityalayo, uya kuvuna yona.’ Zenza ‘uxwebhu lweenkcukacha’ apho isenzo ngasinye sobulungisa besivuzwa kobu bomi okanye esobungendawo sohlwaywe kobuzayo.

Ngeliphandle igama elithi “ikarma” lithetha “isenzo.” UmHindu kuthiwa unekarma entle ukuba uzithoba kwizithethe zasekuhlaleni nakwezonqulo yaye unekarma embi ukuba akakwenzi oko. Isenzo sakhe, okanye ikarma, igqiba ngekamva lakhe kuko nakuphi na ukuzalwa kwakhona okuphumelelayo. Isithandi sobulumko uNikhilananda sithi: “Bonke abantu bazalwa benohlobo oluthile lokuziphatha, olubangelwe zizenzo zabo kubomi babo bangaphambili, nangona iimpawu zokwenyama zabo zibangelwa lufuzo. Umntu [ngenxa yoko] ngumyili wendlela yakhe, umqulunqi wekamva lakhe.” Noko ke, usukelo oluyintloko, kukukhululeka kulo mjikelo wokuguquguquka komntu size simanyane noBrahman—oyena mntu ungundoqo. Oku, kukholelwa kwelokuba kuphunyezwa ngokuzabalazela ukuziphatha ngendlela eyamkelekileyo ekuhlaleni nangokuba nolwazi olukhethekileyo lwamaHindu.

Ngaloo ndlela imfundiso engokuvela ngokutsha isebenzisa isiseko semfundiso yokungafi komphefumlo ize yakhele kuyo isebenzisa umthetho wekarma. Makhe sibone oko iLizwi eliphefumlelwe nguThixo, iBhayibhile, likuthethayo ngokuphathelele ezi ngcamango.

Ngaba Umphefumlo Awufi?

Ukuze siwuphendule lo mbuzo, masibhenele kwelona gunya liphakamileyo ngokuphathelele lo mbandela—iLizwi eliphefumlelweyo loMdali. Kwincwadi nje yokuqala yeBhayibhile, iGenesis, sifunda ngeyona ntsingiselo ichanileyo “yomphefumlo.” Ngokuphathelele ukudalwa komntu wokuqala, uAdam, iBhayibhile ithi: “UYehova uThixo wambumba umntu ngothuli lwasemhlabeni, waphefumlela emathatheni akhe impefumlo yobomi; umntu ke waba ngumphefumlo ophilileyo.” (Genesis 2:7) Licacile elokuba, umphefumlo asiyonto umntu anayo kodwa yinto ayiyo. Apha kusetyenziswe igama lesiHebhere elithi neʹphesh endaweni yelithi umphefumlo. Livela izihlandlo ezingama-700 eBhayibhileni, yaye alize libhekisele kwinxalenye yomzimba engaphathekiyo kodwa lisoloko libhekisela kwinto ephathekayo nengokoqobo.—Yobhi 6:7; INdumiso 35:13; 107:9; 119:28.

Yintoni eyenzekayo emphefumlweni xa usifa? Khawucinge ngoko kwenzeka kuAdam ekufeni. Xa wonayo, uThixo wamxelela: ‘Uya kubuyela emhlabeni kuba uthatyathwe kuwo, ngokuba uluthuli, uya kubuyela kwaseluthulini.’ (Genesis 3:19) Khawucinge nje ngento ethethwa koko. Ngaphambi kokuba uThixo amdale ngokusuka emhlabeni, uAdam wayengekho. Emva kokufa kwakhe, uAdam wabuyela kwisimo esifanayo sokungabikho.

Ngeliphandle, iBhayibhile ifundisa ukuba ukufa kusisichasi sobomi. KwiNtshumayeli 9:5, 10, siyafunda: “Ngokuba abadla ubomi bayazi ukuba baya kufa; ke bona abafileyo abazi lutho, abasabi namvuzo; ngokuba balityelwe. Yonke into esiyifumanayo isandla sakho ukuba siyenze yenze ngamandla akho; ngokuba akukho kwenza, nakucinga, nakwazi, nakulumka kwelabafileyo, apho uya khona wena.”

Oku kuthetha ukuba abafi akukho nto banokuyenza okanye abanokuyiva. Abasenazingcinga, akukho nento abayikhumbulayo. Umdumisi uthi: “Musani ukukholosa ngamanene ngonyana womntu, yena ungenalo usindiso. Uyaphuma umoya wakhe, abuyele yena emhlabeni wakhe; ngaloo mini ayatshitsha amabhongo akhe.”—INdumiso 146:3, 4.

IBhayibhile ibonisa ngokucacileyo ukuba ekufeni umphefumlo awubi komnye umzimba, kodwa uyafa. IBhayibhile igxininisa ngelithi, “Umphefumlo owonayo—kuya kufa wona.” (Hezekile 18:4, 20; IZenzo 3:23; ISityhilelo 16:3) Ngaloo ndlela, imfundiso engokungafi komphefumlo—esona siseko semfundiso engokuvela ngokutsha—ayixhaswa kwaphela ziZibhalo. Ngaphandle kwayo, le mfundiso iyatshabalala. Ngoko, kubangelwa yintoni oku kubandezeleka sikubona emhlabeni?

Kutheni Abantu Bebandezeleka?

Isizathu esisisiseko esibangela ukubandezeleka kwabantu kukungafezeki esakuzuz’ ilifa kuAdam owayenesono. IBhayibhile ithi: “Ngenxa yoko, kanye njengokuba isono sangena ngamntu mnye ehlabathini nokufa ngaso isono, ngaloo ndlela ukufa kwasasazeka kubo bonke abantu ngenxa yokuba bonke bonayo.” (Roma 5:12) Ekubeni siyinzala ka-Adam, sonke siyagula, saluphale, size sife.—INdumiso 41:1, 3; Filipi 2:25-27.

Ngaphezu koko, umthetho wokuziphatha ongaguqukiyo woMdali uthi: “Ningalahlekiswa: UThixo akanguye lowo wokwenziwa intlekisa. Kuba nantoni na umntu ayihlwayelayo, uya kuvuna kwayona; ngenxa yokuba lowo uhlwayela ngokubhekisele kwinyama yakhe uya kuvuna ukonakala kuyo inyama yakhe.” (Galati 6:7, 8) Ngaloo ndlela, ubomi bokuziphatha vakalala bunokukhokelela kuxinezeleko ngokweemvakalelo, ukumitha okungafunwayo, nezifo ezidluliselwa ngesini. Iphephancwadi iScientific American, lithi: “Inani elothusa gqitha elingama-30 ekhulwini labantu abanomhlaza obulalayo [eUnited States] ngokuyintloko libangelwa kukutshaya, kwanenani elifanayo ngenxa yendlela abaphila ngayo, ingakumbi indlela abatya ngayo nabangawenzi ngayo umthambo.” Ezinye iintlekele ezibangela ukubandezeleka zingumphumo obangelwe kukungaziphathi kakuhle komntu iimveliso zomhlaba.— Thelekisa ISityhilelo 11:18.

Ewe, umntu umele abekwe ityala ngenkoliso yobugxwayiba akubo. Noko ke, ekubeni umphefumlo ungahlali uphila, umthetho ‘wokuvuna oko ubukutyalile’ awunakusetyenziswa ukunxulumanisa ukubandezeleka komntu nekarma—izenzo zoko kucingelwa ukuba zezobomi bangaphambili. IBhayibhile ithi: “Kuba lowo uye wafa ugwetyelwe kwisono sakhe.” (Roma 6:7, 23) Ngaloo ndlela umphumo wesono awudluleli kubomi obusemva kokufa.

Kwakhona uSathana uMtyholi ubangela ukubandezeleka okukhulu. Enyanisweni, eli hlabathi lilawulwa nguSathana. (1 Yohane 5:19) Yaye njengokuba uYesu Kristu waxela kwangaphambili, abafundi Bakhe babeya kuba ‘zizinto zokuthiywa ngabantu bonke ngenxa yegama lakhe.’ (Mateyu 10:22) Ngenxa yoko, ngokufuthi amalungisa ajamelana neengxaki ezininzi kunabangendawo.

Iziganeko ezininzi ezenzeka kweli hlabathi azikaziwa ukuba zibangelwa yintoni na. Eyona mbaleki inamendu isenokukhubeka okanye ingaluphumeleli ugqatso. Umkhosi onamandla usenokoyiswa ngumkhosi odelekileyo. Indoda esisilumko isenokungawufumani umsebenzi olungileyo ize ibethwe liphango. Ngenxa yeemeko ezithile, abantu abayiqonda kakuhle gqitha indlela yokuphatha ishishini basenokungakwazi ukusebenzisa olo lwazi lwabo emsebenzini baze bazibone bengamahlwempu. Abantu abanolwazi basenokuphembelela ingqumbo yabo basemagunyeni baze bangathandwa. Kutheni oku kunjalo? “Ngokuba bonke bephela bafikelwa lixesha nasisihlo,” uyaphendula uKumkani osisilumko uSolomon.—INtshumayeli 9:11.

Ukubandezeleka kwakukudala kuthwaxa uluntu kudala ngaphambi kokuba izilumko zamaHindu zizame ukucacisa isizathu sokubakho kwako. Kodwa ngaba likho ithemba lekamva elibhetele? Yaye liliphi ithemba eliqulethwe yiBhayibhile ngabafi?

Ikamva Elinoxolo

UMdali uthembisa ukuba ngokukhawuleza uya kuphelisa eli butho lehlabathi liphantsi kolawulo lukaSathana. (IMizekeliso 2:21, 22; Daniyeli 2:44) Ibutho loluntu elitsha elinobulungisa—“umhlaba omtsha”—ngoko uya kubakho ngokoqobo. (2 Petros 3:13) Ngelo xesha “akayi kuthi ummi wakhona, Ndiyafa.” (Isaya 33:24) Kwanentlungu yokufa iya kupheliswa, kuba uThixo “uya kuzisula zonke iinyembezi emehlweni alo, yaye ukufa akusayi kubakho, kungayi kubakho nakukhedama nasikhalo nantlungu kwakhona. Izinto zangaphambili zidlule.”—ISityhilelo 21:4.

Ngokuphathelele abemi behlabathi elitsha elithenjiswe nguThixo, umdumisi waxela kwangaphambili esithi: “Amalungisa aya kulidla ilifa ilizwe, ahlale kulo ngonaphakade.” (INdumiso 37:29) Ngaphezu koko, abalulamileyo ‘baya kuziyolisa ngobuninzi boxolo.’—INdumiso 37:11.

UMukundbhai, ekuthethwe ngaye kwinqaku elandulelayo, uye wafa engakhange awazi amadinga kaThixo azukileyo. Kodwa izigidi ezife zingakhange zimazi uThixo zinethemba lokuvuswa kwelo hlabathi litsha linoxolo, kuba iBhayibhile iyathembisa: “Kuza kubakho uvuko kokubini olwamalungisa nabangengomalungisa.”—IZenzo 24:15; Luka 23:43.

Apha igama elithi “uvuko” liguqulelwe ngokusuka kwigama lesiGrike elithi a·naʹsta·sis, ngokoqobo elithetha “ukuphinda uphakame.” Ngaloo ndlela uvuko luquka ukuvuselela yonke indlela yobomi bomntu.

UMdali wamazulu nomhlaba unobulumko obungenasiphelo. (Yobhi 12:13) Ukukhumbula amaqabane abo bafayo akuyongxaki kuye. (Thelekisa uIsaya 40:26.) Kwakhona uYehova uThixo ubalasele ngothando. (1 Yohane 4:8) Ngenxa yoko, unokusebenzisa inkumbulo yakhe egqibeleleyo, engafuni ukohlwaya abafi ngenxa yezinto ezimbi abazenzileyo, kodwa ukubavusela ebomini kwakhona kumhlaba oyiparadesi neempawu zobuntu ababenazo ngaphambi kokuba bafe.

Kwizigidi ezifana noMukundbhai, uvuko luya kuthetha ukuba nabo babathandayo kwakhona. Kodwa yiba nomfanekiso-ngqondweni woko lunokukuthetha kwabo baphilayo ngoku. Ngokomzekelo, cinga ngonyana kaMukundbhai, oye wayazi inyaniso ezukileyo ngoThixo nangeenjongo zakhe. Hayi indlela okuthuthuzela ngayo ukwazi ukuba uyise akathiyelwanga kumjikelo phantse ongenasiphelo wokuzalwa kwakhona, ngamnye wawo ugutyungelwe bubungendawo nakukubandezeleka! Ulele nje ekufeni elindele uvuko. Hayi indlela ekumele ukuba uvuya ngayo kukucinga ukuba ngenye imini kunokwenzeka ukuba abelane noyise ngoko aye wakufunda eBhayibhileni!

Kukuthanda kukaThixo ukuba “zonke iintlobo zabantu zisindiswe zize zifikelele elwazini oluchanileyo lwenyaniso.” (1 Timoti 2:3, 4) Ngoku lixesha lokuba ufunde indlela wena, kuquka izigidi zabanye ezisele zikwenza ukuthanda kukaThixo, ezinokuphila ngayo ngonaphakade kwiparadesi esemhlabeni.—Yohane 17:3.

[Ibhokisi ekwiphepha 6]

Ubuntu BukaThixo Nomthetho WeKarma

UMohandas K. Gandhi, uthi: “Umthetho weKarma awunakugungqiswa yaye awunakuphepheka. Ngaloo ndlela akukho sizathu sokuba uThixo angenelele. Wawuseka lo mthetho, yaye ngokungathi kunjalo, wasong’ izandla.” UGandhi wakufumanisa kuphazamisa oku.

Kwelinye icala, ithemba lovuko libonisa ukuba uThixo unomdla onzulu kwindalo yakhe. Ukuze akwazi ukubuyisela umntu ofileyo kwiparadesi esemhlabeni, uThixo umele azi aze akhumbule yonke into ngaloo mntu. Ngokwenene uThixo ukhathalele ngamnye kuthi.—1 Petros 5:6, 7.

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 5]

Ivili lobomi lamaHindu

[Amagama acatshulweyo akwiphepha 7]

“Bonke bephela bafikelwa lixesha nasisihlo.”

—INtshumanyeli 9:11

[Umfanekiso okwiphepha 8]

ILizwi likaThixo lifundisa uvuko