Ubuteko bwa Greece no bwa Roma Bwayambukila abaYuda
UKUKULA kwa Buteko bwa Greece kwatendekele mu mpili sha Makedonia. Mulya, ilyo Alekesandere acilileko pa myaka 20, atendeke ukupaanga ukucimfya ififulo fya ku kabanga. Mu 334 B.C.E., atungulwile umulalo wakwe uwa nkondo ukupita mu ncende itwa Hellespont (Dardanelles), iyalekanya Ubulaya na Asia. Nge “mbwili” yapambana, abaGriki baletekwa na Alekesandere batendeke ukucimfya amabufumu mu kukonkana. (Da 7:6) Alekesandere acimfishe abena Persia mupepi no musumba wa Troy pa mawanga ya Mumana wa Granicus, kabili alibacimfishe umupwilapo mu mushi wa Issus.
AbaGriki basanshile Suria na Foinike, bacimfishe no konaula Turi pa numa ya ku-ucandila pa myeshi 7. (Esek 26:4, 12) Alekesandere atengele Yerusalemu no konaula Gasa. (Sek 9:5) Ilyo afikile mu Egupti, asokwele umusumba wa Alekesandria, uwaishileba icifulo cikalamba ica makwebo na masomo. Ilyo bapitile mu Calo Calaiwe umuku wa bubili, na kabili, acimfishe abena Persia icabipisha pa Gaugamela, mupepi ne fitantaala fya Ninebe.
Alekesandere ayalukile ku kapinda ka kulyo no kucandila Babele, Shushani (Susa), na Persepoli—imisumba ya bulashi iya bena Persia. Lyene apitile lubilo lubilo mu bwikashi bwa bena Persia, afika na ku Mumana wa Indus mu calo citwa pali nomba ati Pakistan. Mu myaka fye 8, Alekesandere acimfishe ifyalo ifingi ifyaliko pali ilya nshita. Lelo, mu 323 B.C.E., ilyo ali ne myaka 32, afwile ku bulwele bwa mpepo pa Babele.—Da 8:8.
Ukusonga kwa baGriki mu Calo Calaiwe kwalilumine. Abali kale mu bushilika baileikala mulya. Ilyo umwanda wa myaka uwa Kubalilapo walefika, imisumba yalelanda iciGriki yalyumene akapi (Dekapoli). (Mt 4:25; Marko 7:31) Amalembo ya ciHebere yaishilebako mu ciGriki. IciKoine (iciGriki caishibikwe) lwali lulimi ifyalo ifingi fyalelanda pa kusabankanya ifisambilisho fya buKristu.
Ubuteko bwa Roma
Cinshi calecitika ku masamba? Roma—kale uwali fye mishi mu lulamba lwa Mumana wa Tiberi—aishileba umusumba wacindama. Mu kupita kwa nshita, abashilika baswangana abateyanishiwe bwino no buteko bwaletungulula Roma yonse fyalengele Roma ukucimfya ififulo fyonse ifyaletekwa na bamushika ba kwa Alekesandere bane. Ilyo calefika muli ba30 B.C.E., calimonekeshe ukuti Ubuteko bwa Roma e bwakwatishe amaka, icishibilo ca kubalilapo ica ‘cinama ca kutiinya’ ico Daniele amwene mu cimonwa.—Da 7:7.
Ubuteko bwa Roma bwafumine ku Bulaya ukufika ku kapinda ka Kuso aka Afrika, ukufuma kuli Bemba wa Atlantic ukuya ku Gulf wa Persia. Apo ubu buteko bwashingile Bemba wa Mediterranean, abena Roma baleita Mediterranean ati Mare Nostrum (Bemba Wesu).
Ubuteko bwa bena Roma na bo bwalikwete amaka pa baYuda abo icalo cabo cali muli bulya Buteko. (Mt 8:5-13; Imi 10:1, 2) Yesu abatishiwe no kufwa mu kuteka kwa kwa Kateka Tiberi. Bakateka ba Roma bamo bapakese Abena Kristu buluku buluku lelo tabacimfishe ukupepa kwa cine. Pa numa ya myaka 1,300, ubuteko bwaishileonaulwa ku mikowa ya ku Germany iyali ku kapinda ka ku kuso e lyo na bamululumba abasanshile ku kabanga.
[Mapu pe bula 26]
(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli broshuwa
Ubuteko bwa Greece
Ilyo Alekesandere afwile, bamushika bakwe bane e baleteka ubufumu bushaikulila
▪ Cassander
▫ Lysimachus
○ Ptolemy I
• Seleucus
A2 ▪ GREECE
A2 ▪ Atena
A2 ▪ AKAYA
A3 ○ Kurene
A3 ○ LIBYA
B2 ▫ Byzantium
B3 ○ KUPRO
B4 ○ No-amone (Thebes)
C3 Palmyra (Tadmore)
C3 ○ Gerasa
C3 ○ Filadelfia
C3 ○ Yerusalemu
C5 ○ Syene
G2 • Alekesandria Margiana
Inshila ya kwa Alekesandere
A2 ▪ MAKEDONIA
A2 ▪ Pella
A2 ▫ THRACE
B2 ▫ Troy
B2 ▫ Sarde
B2 ▫ Efese
B2 ▫ Gordium
C2 ▫ Ankara
C3 • Tarsi
C3 • Issus
C3 • Antioke (wa ku Suria)
C3 ○ Turi
C4 ○ Gasa
B4 ○ EGUPTI
B4 ○ Memfisi
B4 ○ Alekesandria
A4 ○ Icishima ca Siwa
B4 ○ Memfisi
C4 ○ Gasa
C3 ○ Turi
C3 ○ Damaseke
C3 • Aleppo
D3 • Nisibisi
D3 • Gaugamela
D3 • Babele (Babiloni)
E3 • Shushani
E4 • PERSIA
E4 • Persepolis
E4 • Pasargadae
E3 • MADAI
E3 • Ekibatana
E3 • Rhagae
E3 • Hecatompylos
F3 • PARTHIA
G3 • ARIA
G3 • Alekesandria Areion
G3 • Alekesandria Prophthasia
F4 • DRANGIANA
G4 • ARACHOSIA
G4 • Alekesandria Arachosiorum
H4 • Kabul
G3 • Drapsaca
H4 • Alekesandria Oxiana
G3 • Drapsaca
G3 • BACTRIA
G3 • Bactra
G2 • Derbent
G2 • SOGDIANA
G2 • Maracanda
G2 • Bukhara
G2 • Maracanda
H2 • Alekesandria Eschate
G2 • Maracanda
G2 • Derbent
G3 • Bactra
G3 • BACTRIA
G3 • Drapsaca
H4 • Kabul
H3 • Taxila
H5 • INDIA
H4 • Alekesandria
G4 • GEDROSIA
F4 • Pura
E4 • PERSIA
F4 • Alekesandria
F4 • CARMANIA
E4 • Pasargadae
E4 • Persepolis
E3 • Shushani
D3 • Babele (Babiloni)
[Incende shimbi]
A3 KRETE
D4 ARABIA
[Babemba]
B3 Bemba wa Mediterranean
C5 Bemba Wakashika
E4 Gulf wa Persia
G5 Bemba wa Arabian
[Imimana]
B4 Naelo
D3 Yufrate
D3 Tigrisi
G4 Indus
[Mapu pe bula 27]
(Nga mulefwaya ukumona mapu, moneni muli broshuwa)
Ubuteko bwa Roma
A1 BRITAIN
A3 SPANIA
B1 GERMANIA
B2 GAUL
B2 ITALIA
B2 Roma
B3 Carthage
C3 ILURIKI
C3 GREECE
C3 Actium
C3 Kurene
D2 Byzantium (Constantinople)
D3 ASIA MINOR
D3 Efese
D3 Aleppo
D3 Antioke (wa ku Suria)
D3 Damaseke
D3 Gerasa (Jarash)
D3 Yerusalemu
D3 Alekesandria
D4 EGUPTI
[Imimana]
A2 Bemba wa Atlantic
C3 Bemba wa Mediterranean
D2 Bemba Wafiita
D4 Bemba Wakashika
[Icikope pe bula 26]
Ilyo akuulile Rabbah cipya cipya, Ptolemy II ainike yene ati Filadelfia. Ifitantaala fya ciyanda ca fyangalo icikalamba sana ica mu Roma e po fyaba.
[Icikope pe bula 27]
Gerasa (Jarash), umo pa misumba yapangile Dekapoli
[Icikope pe bula 27]
Imisebo ya mu Roma, pamo nga uyu uwali mupepi na Aleppo, wapitile mu Bulaya, North Afrika, na mu Middle East. Abena Kristu balepita muli iyi misebo pa kusabankanya icine ca Baibolo